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Spirochaetes

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One or both ends are hooked. It can be seen by dark field microscope. It could be stained with Silver, Fontana or Giemsa stains. Cultural characters Aerobic. Grow ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Spirochaetes


1
Spirochaetes
By
Dr. Emad AbdElhameed Morad
Lecturer of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
2
  • Spirochaetes are long, slender, spiral organisms
    which are motile by periplasmic internal
    flagellae.
  • Spirochaetes include three genera

Treponema
Borrelia
Leptospira
3
Leptospira
4
Species
  • Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae is a pathogen in
    rats, rodents , dogs.
  • Man is infected from these animals. How?

5
Morphology
  • Long thin finely coiled spirochaetes.
  • One or both ends are hooked.
  • It can be seen by dark field microscope.
  • It could be stained with Silver, Fontana or
    Giemsa stains.

6
Cultural characters
  • Aerobic.
  • Grow on semisolid media containing rabbit serum
    like Stuarts medium or Fletchers medium.
  • Optimum temperature is 30 degree.
  • Growth appears after 1-2 weeks.

7
Animal pathogenicity
  • If the organism is injected intraperitoneal in
    Guinea pig, it will die in 1 or 2 weeks.

8
Weils disease
  • Mode of infection contact with or drinking
    water contaminated with the excreta of animals
    like rats and dogs.
  • Leptospira will enter through abrasions in the
    skin or mucous membranes.
  • So, Weils disease occurs in sewage workers,
    miners, fishermen and military persons.

9
(No Transcript)
10
  • Incubation period 1 - 2 weeks.
  • After incubation, the patient develops
  • Fever for few days (the bacteria is present in
    blood).
  • Jaundice.
  • Hemorrhage.
  • Renal failure.
  • Severe cases may develop meningitis.

11
Weils disease
12
Laboratory diagnosis
  • Specimen
  • Blood during the first week of fever.
  • Urine during 2nd to 4th weeks of fever.
  • Direct microscopic examination by
  • Dark field microscope.
  • After staining by silver or Fontana stain.
  • Direct IF

13
  • Culture
  • Stuarts or Fletchers medium.
  • At 30 degree.
  • Growth appears after 1-2 weeks.
  • Animal inoculation
  • The most sensitive method.
  • Guinea pigs are injected intraperitoneal.
  • Die in 1-2 weeks.
  • Direct detection of leptospiral DNA in the
  • specimen by PCR.

14
  • Serological diagnosis
  • Detection of antibodies (IgM or rising titer of
    IgG)
  • Positive during second week of fever.
  • By ELISA or agglutination test.

DO NOT FORGET
15
Treatment
  • Penicillin and doxycycline are effective early
    in infection.

16
GOOD LUCK
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