Unit 2: Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Sub-Saharan Africa

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Unit 2 Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on
Sub-Saharan Africa
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Warm Up Questions Instructions

• Take five minutes now to try the Unit 2 warm up
  questions in your manual.
• Please do not compare answers with other
  participants.
• Your answers will not be collected or graded.
• We will review your answers at the end of the
  unit.

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What You Will Learn

• By the end of this unit you should be able to
• describe the impact of HIV/AIDS on individuals
  and families
• describe the impact of HIV/AIDS on sustainable
  development

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Figure 2.1. Leading Causes of Death in
Sub-Saharan Africa, 2003
Source World Health Organization, 2003
Note Additional information can be found in
Figure 2.2 in the text.
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Ages Most Affected

• The high mortality rate affects families as well
  as individuals.
• For example, in Botswana, AIDS-related deaths
  will change the population structure to a society
  where adolescents predominate instead of
  children. This results in the so-called chimney
  effect.

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Figure 2.3. Projected Population Structures,
Botswana 2020
Source US Census Bureau, 2000
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Infant and Child Mortality

• In regions most impacted by the HIV epidemic,
  infant mortality rates may be up to 70 higher
  than they would have been without HIV.
• For example, the infant mortality rate in
  Zimbabwe would have been 24 per 1000 live births
  in 2010 without HIV. But with HIV, it will be
  about 54 per 1000.
• This threatens to reverse the recent gains made
  by child survival programmes.

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Figure 2.4. Changes in Life Expectancy, 1950-2005
Year
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Orphans

• Eleven million children younger than 15 years of
  age in sub-Saharan Africa have lost one or both
  parents to AIDS.
• Young children have to work to support their
  families, including some girls who feel compelled
  to undertake sex work.
• Grandparents and the elderly are also now left to
  support families when the younger adults die.

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Effect of HIV on the Workforce

• Largest cost to employers is indirect
• absenteeism
• loss of productivity
• training replacements
• increasing benefits payments

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Figure 2.5. Percentage of Workforce lost to AIDS
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Pressure on Health Services

• In some urban areas, up to half of hospital beds
  are occupied by people with HIV/AIDS.
• This leaves an insufficient number of beds for
  patients with other diseases.

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In Summary

• The burden of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa has
  a significant impact on many aspects of life.
• For example, the deaths of infants and young
  adults will disrupt family structures.
• The workforce will also be greatly reduced, and
  healthcare services will be strained.
• These will all have negative effects on
  development.

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Warm Up Review

• Take a few minutes now to look back at your
  answers to the warm up questions at the beginning
  of the unit.
• Make any changes you want to.
• We will discuss the questions and answers in a
  few minutes.

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Answers to Warm Up Questions

• The chimney effect refers to the population
  loss due to HIV that results in the predominance
  of which part of the population?
• a.  young children
• b. adolescents
• c. adults
• d. the elderly

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Answers to Warm Up Questions, Cont.

• The chimney effect refers to the population
  loss due to HIV that results in the predominance
  of which part of the population?
• a.  young children
• b. adolescents
• c. adults
• d. the elderly

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Answers to Warm Up Questions, Cont.

• 2. In some areas, up to ___ of hospital beds are
  occupied by AIDS patients, leaving insufficient
  room for patients with other diseases.

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Answers to Warm Up Questions, Cont.

• 2. In some areas, up to 50 of hospital beds are
  occupied by AIDS patients, leaving insufficient
  room for patients with other diseases.

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Answers to Warm Up Questions, Cont.

• 3. True or false? With the death of parents, some
  families are now headed by children as young as
  10 years old or by grandparents.

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Answers to Warm Up Questions, Cont.

• 3. True or false? With the death of parents, some
  families are now headed by children as young as
  10 years old or by grandparents. True

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Answers to Warm Up Questions, Cont.

• 4. Which country stands to lose the largest
  percentage of its workforce to AIDS, with an
  estimated 30 dying from the disease by 2020?

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Answers to Warm Up Questions, Cont.

• 4. Which country stands to lose the largest
  percentage of its workforce to AIDS, with an
  estimated 30 dying from the disease by 2020?
  Botswana

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Small Group Discussion Instructions

• Get into small groups to discuss these questions.
  
• Choose a speaker for your group who will report
  back to the class.

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Small Group Reports

• Select one member from your group to present your
  answers.
• Discuss with the rest of the class.

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Case Study Instructions

• Try this case study individually.
• Well discuss the answers in class.

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Case Study Review

• Follow along as we go over the case study in
  class.
• Discuss your answers with the rest of the class.

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Questions, Process Check

• Do you have any questions on the information we
  just covered?
• Are you happy with how we worked on Unit 2?
• Do you want to try something different that will
  help the group?

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