??? ???? atmosphere circulation ?general circulation 4.1 ???? 4.2 ? 4.3 ??????

1
??? ???? atmosphere circulation
?general circulation 4.1
????4.2 ? 4.3 ?????????? 4.4
?????????? 4.5 ???????????
2
????

• ?????????????????????,????????????,???????
  ????????,?????????????????

3
4.1 ????(pressure change)(1)????????(???????)
??? ??????????????????,????????????????
???????????????????????(??)???????????????????????
?????????????????????????h???
Q0??T?(?????????) ??h??? Q0??T?(?????????)
4
????(????) ????????,???????(????)?????
??????,??(???)????(??)?,??(??)????(??)??
????(?)???(hpa)?? ???????(m/hpa)
m/hpa t(?)
5
?????(????)

• h8000/P(1t/273)m/hpa. 84
• P????t????
• ???????????
• ?????84

6
????

• Z2-Z118400(1t/273)lgp1/lgp2. 85
• t????, Z2-Z1???
• ??????(?????)
• ??????????????????
• (??g,???tv)
• ????85

7
(2)??????? ? ???
?????????
???9-10?)????
??(15-16?)???
???(??3-4?)?
??????
?????????????? ????????
?????????,??????3-5hpa??????,?????????(?50
ºN,??????1hpa)?
???????
8
??? ??????????,?????? ????????????????
????? ??
9

• ?????????,?????????????????????????
• ?????????,?????????????????????
• ??????????,????????

10
(3)??????? ????????????(???????????)?
?24h????,????10hpa,?????????????1hpa?
??????????????????????????????????,????????????
??,?????????????
11
???????

• ????-??????-mg-?????
• ????????86
• ?????????86
• ??????87

12
(4)??? ???????????????
???????????,??????????,??????? ????????
??????????????????? ?????????????????
???? A????2.5hpa???????(?
2.5hpa,5hpa, 7.5hpa),???????????B?????????????
13
??? ??????????????
???????????????????700hpa?????????????700hpa?
????????????????(??700hpa???),???????????????(???
??)?1???9.8J/kg. 89
??????????????
14
??????? ???(????) ??????????????,??
????,???????????????????? ???(????)
???????????????,??????,????????????????????
??????? ??????????????????????????????????????
???????????????,??????????????
15
?????????
16
(No Transcript)
17
??????????
????? ????????????????????
?????????????????????? ??????????????,?????
?,?? ??????? ?????(91?4.12)
18
????????

• ???????(?????-?????,????????,????)
• ????????.91-92?4.13
• ????????(????????????????????????????,
• ??????-??,??????-??).92?4.14

19
(No Transcript)
20
4.2 ?(wind) ?-??????????????,?????????????
???,???????????????????????????
????????,???????????? ????????????????,????
?????????????????(??? ??)??????????????????
??????,?????????????? ?????????????????
21
?????????(1)?????????? ? ???? ??
?????????????????(?)????????????,??????????????
??hpa/m(km) ???????????,???????????,???
???????,????????????????? ????-?p/?N?
?p???????????,?N???????????????????,???????????
22
?????? -?p/?Z ??hpa/m?
?p????????????, ?Z?????????????? ??????
-?p/?N ?? hpa/???(111km)? ?p????????????,
?N?????????????? ?????,??????ltlt??????,?
???????????????,?????? ????????????gtgt???????
???????,???????????????1hpa/10m,???????1-3h
pa/????
23
???????
?????,??????????(?????)
?????,??????????(?????)
??????? ???????
24
? ???????(G) ?? ?????????,???????
???????????? ???
G-(1/?)(?p/?n).94 ? ??1.293kg/m3??p/?n1h
pa/111km ?,G710-4N/kg?
??1Kg?????,??710-4????,??? ??1Kg????????????71
0-4 m/s2? ???? ????,?????????,???????
?????????,???????????? ?3??,???0??7.6m/s(4??)
1?,???0??60m/s(17???)
25
(2)?????(Fc ) ??????????????????????????
??????????????? Fc A2V?sinF
?????Fc????????,?????????????,??????????????(???
)? ???????????,???? ?(?????,???????)?
????????????,??????,??????
26
? ? ? ? ?
27
(3)?????(C) ??????????,????????
??????? ?????????????,???????
?????,????????????(V)? ?????,?????(r)???????
CV2/r
? ? ? ? ?
28
????????????(??? ?????)??,?C????
????????????????? ???,C ??????? G?
???????,????????
29
(4)???(R) ????????????,?????????????????
?????(????????????)? ? ????
????????????????????? ??? R-KV
??????
?????????,

?????????
?(V)?????
(K)????
??R?,????
R?,???
30
????? ??????????????????????????(?)????
???(??????)? ??????(??)???????????(??????
?)????????,??????
31
????????????(??) ???????
??????????????? ?????,1-2km???????
?????? 1-2km???????????,1- 2km?????????
32
???????????????
?????????????????,??????
????????????????????? ??????????????????
???????????
33
????????????? ????????????????(???)?????(?
??)????????????????????????
34
?????????????
(1)???Vg ???????????????????( GFc
),??????,??????????????? ???Vg1/(-2??sin?)
(?p/?n) ???G?Fc?????98
35
???????(??????????????)
???????,?????????,?????? ???????????????,?
???????????????? ??????(???????????)?
36
(2)???(Vc,Vac) ??????????????????????(G
AC),??????????????????? ?????????(Vc)????????
??(Vac)?????? ???????????????????????,?
????????????????????99-100
37
???????????

• ?-????????,?-????????,
• ?????-?,??????
• ???VtV2-V1(?????,???).101
• ????????101
• ????????102

38
(3)????? 1-2km???????????(?),???????,??????
???????????,???????????????
??????(a)???(b)???
39
????????25-35 ???????10-20
???????????,??????? (???)?
????????????????, ?NE,WN??????(?????,?? ??)
??????????,?SE?SW??? ???(????,????,???????)?
40

• ??????????103?4.29
• ????????103-104?4.30

41
?????????????????
?????????????????????????????,?????????????
??????????,???????,??????
42
?????????????????
43
4.3 ?????????? planetary winds
????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????
???(1)????????(?????) 35N35S????,?????gt0(???
)?????????????,?????????????????????????(??)?
?????????????
44
35N???35S??????,?????lt0(???)?????????????,???
? ?????????????? ???????????????,?????
?????????????????????, ??????????????????????
???,???????????,?????? ????????????
?????????????????????
45
(2)?????? ???????????,?????????????
????????????????????????????,?????????
46
???????? ???
??????? ?????
47
?? ? ???????,???????????????????????????
????????,??60 ????????????,??????(?????),????????
???????????? ? ??????????????????????,?????????
???????????,??30 ????????????????????(?????,?????
??)?
48
? ????????,???????????,????????????????????????
??? ???????????(????????????,??????),??????
??(?????) ????????????????(??????????????
?)?????????,????????(?????)?
49
? ????7?????6???-??????,6????-??????(?????????3
????? ???????? ???????T?(????),???
??????????????? ?????(????)????????
T????????(3???)????? ?(6???)?
?????????,????????? ?????(6???)???
????????????7?????6? ???3?????
50
(3)?????????? ?????????????????????????????????
????????????,???????????????????????????????(??)?1
06?4.32? ??????(???????,??????????)?????????????
,???????????109?4.35
51
?????
??????
52
??1??????????
53
?? 7?????????
54
??????????(a?1?,b?7?)
55
????????????????????

• ??????

56
????8??????? ?????(???????),?????
??,??????????? ?????(???????) ????
????? ????(????????????) ????
????(???????????) ?????
???
????
57
??,????????????,??????????????????4???????
??? 2?????????????(????,? ?????)
????????????? 2??????????????(?????
?) ?????????? 4????????????????,?????????
?????????????????????
58
4.4 ??????????
( monsoon circulation) ????????????????????
????????????????????????,??????????????,???????(??
?)????????????? ????????????????
????(????????) ?????????????????
???1??7??????????? 120-180???
59
??????(1)????????????(2)??????????????(3
)????????
60
(1)???????????? ????????(??)
??????????? ?????????????
????????????????
61
????(a???b???)
62
????????(??)??????
???,?????? ???????????????????
?????? ????(??)
??????????????(????????,???????????????????,????
??)??????????????(??????,????)?
??????,?????????? ????????(??????gt?????
?)?

63
(2)??????????????(????
???????)
?????4?-10?????????????(??)????????????
?????????????0-10 ( NS) ????4?-10?

???????????
64
????4?-10? ???????10 ?????
???????(??????? ???? ???????????)
???????????????(mm)
??(?) ?? ?? ??
4 41 42 46.1
5 304 204 129.3
6 457 339 204.4
7 344 305 214.5
??????80-90
65
????(??) ?????,???????(???????????,??
?????????)? ????????(???????)?
????????(??????
gt??????)
66
?? ?????? ??
??????????????, ???????????????
????????,?????????
67
??????????(30)????????????????????,???????????
?????????,???????,?????????
?????????????,??????????,?????????(??????????)
68
???????????,?????? ????????????????????????
????????????????????,3-5????????????????
? ???????????????????????(??NE????,??
SW????)
69
(3)???????? ???????(?????)?
???? ??????????
?????????????? ???????????????
70
???????????,????????????? ????(??)
????????(?????)????,??????,????????,?????(????),??
????? ????????????,?????????
???gt???(??) ?????????,????????? ????????
????????,????????,???????????????????????,????
????????
71
???????????????(1)
72
?????? ?????????(2)
73
4.5 ??????????? ( local circulation)
??????????????(??????)???????????????????
????? ??????????????????????
????????????????
74
4.5.1 ???4.5.2 ???4.5.3 ??4.5.4
???4.5.5 ???
75
4.5.1 ??? ?????????????????
????? ????????(??????)
?????????????? ??????????????????,
??????????
?????
76
????? ??????????,?????? ?????
????????(13-15???), ?????????????????
??????
77
4.5.2 ??? ?????(???????????)???????????
?
?????
78
?? ??????????,?????? ?????
???23??????(????), ???11.5???????
????????,????????? ??????????,???????
??,??????
79
4.5.3 ??
????????,?????????????,??????????
???
?? ??
80
?? ??????????? ?(?)
?rd??(???),?????rm ??(?????),????? ???
?????(?)?rd??,?? ??,????????????? ????
81
????????????????????????(??????
????????????????)? ?????????????
????????????,??? ???????????????
??????????,?? ????????? ???????????
82
4.5.4 ???
????????????????????????????
?????,? ??(?????? ?????)?
??????? ????????? ???,?????
????????
?????
83
4.5.5 ???
?????????????????????????
?????,???
????????? ????,????? ??????

?????
84
???????????????
85
???1.??????????????????? ???????2.??1??7???
????????????3.???????????????????
?????4.?????????????????5.???????????????????
???????
86

• 6.??????????????.
• 7.??????????????????
• 8.?????????????????
• 9.????????,?????.
• 10.???????????????????????
• 11.?????????????????????????

87

• 12.??????????????????
• 13.????????????????????
• 14.?????103m?A???,?????1006.2hpa,???17.8??????B?
  ??,???????873.7hpa,???11.2, ?B???????.