Sales person receive RM200/week plus 9% of their gross sales for that week. Write an algorithms to calculate the sales person

1
Sales person receive RM200/week plus 9 of their
gross sales for that week. Write an algorithms
to calculate the sales persons earning from the
input of gross salary

• Input the first salespersons sales in dollars
• While the input is not -1
• Calculate the salespersons wages for the week
• Print the salespersons wages for the week
• Input the next salespersons sales in dollars
• end while

2

• Input the first salespersons sales in dollars
• While the input is not -1
• //Calculate the salespersons wages for the week
• Wages RM200 (Sales 9)
• Print the salespersons wages for the week
• Input the next salespersons sales in dollars
• end while

3
Write an algorithms that inputs a series of 10
numbers, and determines and prints the largest of
the numbers with 3 variable COUNTER- a counter
to count to 10, keep track the numberNUMBER -
current input numberLARGEST - largest number
found so far

• Input the first number directly into the variable
  largest
• Increment counter to 2
• While counter is less than or equal to 10
• input a new variable into the variable number
• If number is greater than largest
• replace largest with number
• Increment counter
• Print the value of largest

4
Annual Interest principal rate days
/365Develop an algorithm using pseudocode will
input principal, rate, and days for several
loans, and will calculate and display simple
interest for each loan, using the formula

• Input the first loan principal in dollars
• While the input is not -1
• Input the interest rate
• input the term of the loan in days
• calculate the simple interest for the loan
• Print the simple interest for the loan
• Input the loan principal for the next loan

5
The factorial of nonnegative integer n is written
n! and defined as n!n(n-1)(n-2)1 for n
greater than or equal to 1 and n!1 for n0.
Write an algorithms that read a non -ve integer
and computes and prints it factorial

• Do
• Input number positive
• while number is negative
• While number gt0
• if number 0 then
• factorial 1
• else
• factorial factorial n
• end if
• nn-1
• end while

What wrong with this pseudocode ?
6
Introduction to C
7
C language character set tokens

• Reserved words
• Identifiers
• Constants
• String constants
• Punctuators
• Operators

8

• Reserved words
• keywords that identify language entities, such
  as statements, data types, and language element
  attributes
• they have a special meaning to compiler
• must appear in the correct location
• C reserved word must be typed fully in lowercase
• const, double, int

9

• Identifiers
• when writing a program, we must come up with
  additional words to represent and reference
  certain program entities.
• Needed for program variables, functions, and
  other program constructs
• Rules for constructing identifiers
• can consist of the capital letters A and Z, the
  lowercase letters a to z, the digits 0 to 9, and
  the underscore character
• first character must be a letter or an underscore
• virtually no length limitation, compiler only
  recognize first 32 character as significant
• reserved word cannot be used
• case sensitive

10
Constants

• Four types of constants integer, floating
  point, character, and enumeration
• Integer can be ve or -ve numbers and can be
  decimal, octal or hexadecimal

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/ File Name prog1_1.c Definition A simple
program that displays a message. / include
ltstdio.hgt int main() printf(This is my first
C program.\n) return 0 Output This is my
first C program.
12
Parts of A C Program

• Comments Lines
• /../
• is used to comment your program while writing it
• Library File
• include ltstdio.hgt
• indicates a preprocessor command
• file with extension .h
• stdio.h is a library file that contains standard
  I/O functions

13

• Main() Function
• indicates the logical beginning of the program
• consist of function header and function body
• Function Header int main()
• int indicates the function returns an integer
  value.
• Function Body
• printf(This is my first c program.\n)
• return 0

14

• Statement format,
• every statement will end with
• output function, printf()
• Escape character, \n
• \b, back space
• \r, carriage return
• \\, backslash
• \, double quotation
• \t, tab

15
Examples

• Printf(\\ Hello \\ \t Good bye \ \n )
• OUTPUT
• \ Hello \ Good bye

16
Data Types in C

• Basic Data Type
• character char
• integer number int
• floating-point number float
• double precision number double
• typeless/valueless void

17
Class of Data

• Character constants
• string constants
• Integer constants
• floating-point constants

18
Displaying Numbers

• Printf(control string, arg1, arg2,)
• example
• printf(A Simple Control String)
• Output A Simple Control String
• printf(The sum of 1 and 2 is d), 12)

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Conversion Specification

• c - single character
• printf(c,A) A
• d - signed decimal integer
• printf(d,10) 10
• f - floating-point num.,decimal notation
• printf(f,5.6) 5.600000
• e - floating-point num., e notation
• printf(e,52.6) 5.26e1

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Conversion Specificatiom

• o octal printf(o,100) 120
• d decimal 100
• x hexadecimal 64
• Floating point numbers
• printf( 10.3f , 21.12)
• 21.120
• 10.3 display the number in a total field of 10
  and 3 digit to the right of the decimal
  point.

21
Conversion Specification Flags

• - (minus sign) left justify
• display the or - sign of the number
• blank display blank if ve and - if -ve
• Example
• printf(This number is .2f \n, 123.456)
• printf(Next number is d \n, -123)
• OUTPUT
• This number is 123.45
• Next number is -123

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DISPLAYING CHARACTERS

• The character representation
• Storage 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
• c A
• d 65

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Displaying Formatted Strings

• printf(-20s,Pure C) Pure C
• 20.4s Pure
• -20.4 Pure
• .4s Pure

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• include ltstdio.hgt
• int main()
• printf(30s \n, Universiti Malaysia
  Sarawak)
• printf(-30s \n, Universiti Malaysia
  Sarawak)
• printf(15.6s \n, Universiti Malaysia
  Sarawak)
• printf(.6s \n, Universiti Malaysia
  Sarawak)
• printf(5s \n, Universiti Malaysia
  Sarawak)
• return 0
• Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
• Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
• Univer
• Univer
• Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

25
Variables

• Variable type declaration
• variable type variable list
• variable type - must be valid C data type
• variable list - consists of one of more variable
  names separate by commas

26
Common Errors

• Forgetting to declare variables before using them
• placing variable declaration in the middle of the
  program
• forgetting the data type or declaring a wrong
  data type
• forgetting the at the end of the statement

27
Variable initializations

• It is possible to assign an initial value to a
  variable when it is declared.
• int I, x
• char ch A
• float f _number 10.00
• C does not automatically initialize declared
  variables

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Variable Names/identifier

• 1st character must be a letter or an underscore,
  rest can be combination of letters, underscores,
  or digit.
• Case sensitive
• number of character is compiler-dependent
• whitespace character and special character
  (!,,()) is not allowed within a name
• no keyword and reserved word

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Data Type Modifier

• Integer modifiers - usually is 2 bytes
• Data Type Max Min
• short/short int 127 -128
• int 32767 -32768
• long/long int 2147483647 -2147483648
• unsigned short 255 0
• unsigned or unsigned int 65535 0
• unsigned long or unsigned
• long int 4294967295 0

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Data Type Modifier

• Floating-Point modifiers - usually is 8 bytes
• only one modifier, long double
• long double long_double / declare a long double
  type variable /

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Declaration Initialization Statement

• long int LongNumber
• long Lnum 100L / 100 is fit in short but with
  this declaration
• will forces to
  store in 4 bytes /
• long A_Long 5l
• unsigned positive35353U
• unsigned long count1
• short counter
• long double Dlarge
• long double LD1.1e3000

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What You Have Learn ?

• / / comment line
• include directive preprocessor command
• int main ()
• declaration statements
• initialization statements
• statements
• return 0

33
Operators

• A symbol performs a specific mathematical or
  logical operation.
• Arithmetic Operators
• addition
• - substraction
• Multiple
• / Division
• Remainder

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Mixed Operand

• If all operand are integer type, then the result
  is an integer
• If any operand is a floating-point or double
  precision type, then the result ia a double
  precision
• Examples
• printf(.2f, 10.0/5) float/int floating
  point 2.00
• printf(.2f, 10/5.0) int/float floating
  point 2.00
• printf(.2f, 10.0-5) float-int floating
  point 5.00

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Assignment Operator

• Lvalue Rvalue

int x, y, z char ch float fnum x 10 ch
C fnum 100.55 y x2 z y

• Variable
• Constant
• Expression

• Variable

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Thankswill continue on next lecture