Standard 8-4.10 Compare the purposes of the tools and the technology that scientists use to study space (including various types of telescopes, satellites, space probes, and spectroscopes) Video

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Standard 8-4.10Compare the purposes of the tools
and the technology that scientists use to study
space (including various types of telescopes,
satellites, space probes, and spectroscopes)Vide
o Space Files - telescopes
http//player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?gui
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SATELLITES is any natural or artificial object
that revolves around an object in space

• Used for communications, navigation, collecting
  weather data, research and military purposes.
• Are placed in orbit around Earth with instruments
  and telescopes that collect info from space and
  are not hampered by Earths atmosphere.
• Give off signals that can be picked up by small
  receivers on Earth.
• Soviet Union (Russia) launched the first
  satellite into orbit in 1957.

Geosynchronous orbit Satellites that revolves
around the Earth at the same rate that Earth
rotates Used to relay television signals and map
weather patterns.
A north to south satellite represents a spy
satellite!
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Sputnik 1 pioneered Soviet Sputnik program and
ignited the so-called Space Race within the Cold
War.
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SPACE PROBES are rockets that contain
instruments to collect data in space and explore
places that would be too dangerous for
astronomers.

• Instruments in the probe varies, depending upon
  the space mission.
• Unmanned spacecraft

Voyager Go to video on Phoenix
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TELESCOPES is an instrument used to enlarge the
image of a distant object.
2 TYPES OF TELECOPES ARE REFRACTING AND
REFLECTING - Both are Optical telescopes
collect visible light, they use convex lens or
mirrors to focus the light producing larger,
brighter images of distant objects in space.
- Refracting Telescope is usually made with
two tubes that fit together snugly. It uses
lenses concave and convex.
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Advantages to Refracting Telescopes

• Refractor telescopes are rugged (do not need to
  be realigned often).
• The glass surface inside the tube is sealed from
  the atmosphere so it rarely needs cleaning.
• Since the tube is closed off from the outside,
  air currents and effects due to changing
  temperatures are eliminated.
• This means that the images are steadier and
  sharper than those from a reflector telescope of
  the same size.

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Drawbacks to Refracting Telescopes

• The lens is supported only around the edges.
• Light of different wavelengths comes to a focus
  in different places.
• It is difficult to make a glass lens with no
  imperfections inside the lens.
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- Reflecting Telescope has two mirrors. The
primary mirror is a large concave mirror that
receives the image and reflects it to a secondary
mirror.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a powerful orbiting
telescope that provides sharper images of
heavenly bodies than other telescopes do. It is a
reflecting telescope with a light-gathering
mirror 94 inches
http//hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/hubble_de
ep_field/
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Reflecting Optical Telescope Advantages
The mirror in a reflector can be supported not
only around the edges, but also all over the back
surface. That means that very large mirrors can
be placed into telescopes. Reflector telescopes
are cheaper to make than refractors of the same
size
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Reflecting Optical Telescope Disadvantages

• It is easy to get the optics out of alignment.
• A reflector telescope's tube is open to the
  outside and the optics need frequent cleaning.

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ANOTHER TYPE OF TELECOPE IS THE RADIO TELESCOPE

• Receive radio waves emitted from objects in
  space, including from very distant stars and
  galaxies
• It can receive information in any weather and
  during day or night.
• Used in tracking and collecting data from
  satellites and space probes

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OTHER TYPE OF TELESCOPES READ INFRARED OR X-RAY
SIGNALS. - They have to be placed where Earths
atmosphere does not block or absorb the signals.
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http//amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorati
ons/light/CatchWaves_frames.html
Right Click on each picture to open up the link
for detailed information.
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SPECTROSCOPES Collect the light from distant
stars and separate that light into bands of
different colors by studying these bands,
astronomers identify the elements in a star.