BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

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BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

• Dr. Barbara Carby
• The Cayman Islands
• LEADERS 2006, Jamaica

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LEADERS 2006 COURSE MODULE 3 NATIONAL SYSTEMS

• LECTURE 2. BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIESREVISITI
  NG THE DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE
• SESSION OUTLINE
• 5 Mins. GROUP WORK DESIGN A
  RESILIENT NATIONAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
  SYSTEM
• 10 Min PRESENT DESIGNS
• Discussion

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Session Will

• Examine the concept of Resilience,
• its importance and consequences of non-resilient
  systems.
• The question of how resilience can be achieved
  will be examined.

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RESILIENCE

• Resilience what is it?
• Ability to prepare for, recover from,
• the impact of hazards in ways that prevent or
  minimise disruption and mitigate the effects of
  future hazards

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RESILIENCE

• Why is it important?

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IVAN - Impact

• Grenada
• GDP 212
• Impact on Productive Sector EC 539.2 m
• Infrastructure 262.4m
• of Housing 89
• Population 79

• Cayman
• GDP 138
• Impact on Productive Sector CI 1117.7m
• Infrastructure 488.4m
• of Housing 83
• Population 83

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Cost of Vulnerability

• Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems
• Northridge Earthquake 1994
• 27 of regional business loss due to Highway
  disruption
• Kobe Earthquake 1995
• Infrastructure failure brought business activity
  almost to a halt

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Cost of Vulnerability

• Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems
• 2003 Blackout of NE Coast, N America
• Cost US 4-10b in economic loss
• Cayman Is 2004
• Loss of function of airport and port cost
• CI 6.04m of 15.7m impact

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Damage is only part of the story..

• Cayman Islands 2004
• Total impact on Infrastructure
• CI410m of which 90.5m was loss of revenue and
  increased operating cost

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RESILIENCE

• What Needs to be Resilient ?

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RESILIENCE

• What needs to be resilient?
• Infrastructure Roads, Bridges,
• Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire Stns., EM
  facilities
• Lifeline Systems Health, Water, Sewerage,
  Power
• Housing

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RESILIENCE Unexpected benefit

• Cayman Islands Hospital - IVAN
• Functioned during Hurricane Ivan
• Sheltered 480 homeless from surrounding
  communities
• Fed and sheltered over 1100 persons in total
  while continuing to provide care.
• Surge caused 12-14 ins. of water on ground floor.
• Causing temporary relocation to top floor

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RESILIENCE

• What needs to be resilient?
• ICT Infrastructure
• DRM System
• National Security Systems
• Education Systems

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RESILIENCE

• What needs to be resilient?
• Economy 2005 CI Economy grew by 6.5 including
  growth in tourist arrivals
• Grenadas grew by 1.5-2
• Government must continue to function

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RESILIENCE

• How do we achieve resilience?

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RESILIENCE

• Resilience must be built into Development
• Resilience should be achieved through
• development which should address
• Technical
• Organisational
• Socio-economic aspects

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RESILIENCE

• Technical
• Risk analysis, mapping should inform
• Location, design of structures, infrastructure

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Location, Location, Location !
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Risk Maps
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Risk Maps
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RESILIENCE

• Technical
• Maintenance
• Structures must be properly maintained

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RESILIENCE

• Technical
• Upgrade
• If we missed the boat at construction its not
  too late !
• Retrofit
• 2 schools which survived
• on Grenada had been retrofitted

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RESILIENCE

• Technical
• Critical facilities, infrastructure must be
• designed with an additional factor of safety
• Redundancy alternative/duplicate

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RESILIENCE

• Organisational
• Resilient EM systems
• Evacuation routes remain open
• Emergency telecomms functional
• EOCs must survive or be up within hours
• Shelters should be safe, equipped

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RESILIENCE

• Socio-economic
• Diversified, vibrant economy
• Robust private sector
• Robust public sector
• Risk Transfer

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RESILIENCE

• Socio-economic
• Government, Businesses
• Cayman financial sector continued functioning
  immediately after Ivan
• Majority of banks had continuity/recovery plans
• and reported no major losses due to storm

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RESILIENCE

• Socio-economic
• Private sector was able to assist in recovery of
  country
• Public sector had no continuity plans
• Now required

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RESILIENCE

• Socio-economic
• Risk Transfer
• High level of insurance in Cayman permitted
• faster recovery Approximately 16 of homes were
  not insured
• Source ECLAC Report

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Risk Transfer

• CI Power company Caribbean Utilities Co.
• US 100m Coverage for damage,
• US 55m in business interruption,
• US 15m in Machinery breakdown
• US 4m Fund to cover deductibles
• US 7.5m Line of credit for reconstruction
• US 10m Bridging loan facility
• ECLAC Report

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RESILIENCE

• People need to be resilient too
• Adequate income to afford safe housing
• Cushion insurance/savings/family
• Knowledge and skills to make their communities
  resistant

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RESILIENCE

• And what of issues of governance?
• Corruption-free and fearless approval process
• Adequate funding for risk reduction programmes
• Impartial enforcement of laws popular or not

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Achieving resilience means enforcement of laws
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Summary

• Resilience is important for
• Reducing deaths, injuries
• Reducing damage
• Reducing recovery time
• Reducing losses

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Summary

• Resilience is a development issue
• and should be an integral part of development
  planning whether physical or economic
• However resilience can be conferred through
  retrofitting of existing elements

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BALANCE

• Disaster Risk
• Management
• is about
• Balance -
• Hazards, Development,
• Environment,
• People in balance
• and harmony.

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Balance, Harmony