Theology (1) Lecture Part I: Studying God

1
Theology (1) Lecture Part I Studying God

• Jintae Kim, PhD
• Alliance Theological Seminary
• Nyack, NY 10960
• [phone]
• E-mail Jintae.kim_at_nyack.edu
• Website http//all4jesus.net

2
Chapter 1What is theology??????
3
??? ??? ??

• (1) ??? ?? ?? ?? (A Supreme Being or Concept)
• (2) ?? ?? ??? ??? (Worldview)
• (3) ? ???? ??? ?? ?? (Life Style)

4
????
?? ??
Doctrine (?? ?? ??) ????? ????? ?? ??? ??
Feeling (??) 19?? Friedrich Schleiermacher. 20???? ??
Morality (??) Albert Ritschl, What is Christianity?
??? ??(??), ??? ??, ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
5
????? ??? ?? ?????
James Orr Critique
"???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??, ?? ?? ??? ????? ?. ? ???? ??, ???, ??, ???, ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?." ?? ??? ???? ??? ???.  ??? ???? ??, ??, ??, ??? ??  ??? ??, ??? ????? ??, ??? ??? ????? ????.
6
??? ??

• ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ????.
• ????? ??? ??

• ??? ?? ????? ??? ??, ??, ???? ???? ??? ??

7
 The Definition of Theology (16)
?? Object Biblical ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ???.
??? Method (1) Systematic ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??
(2) Philosophical Relates to the issues of general culture and learning. ??, ???, ??? ??? ??? ??.
?? Application (1) Contemporary ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??, ???? ????? ??.
(2) Practical. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
8
Theological Studies
???? Biblical Studies ???? Biblical Theology
???? Historical Studies ???? Historical Theology
???? Doctrinal Studies ???? Systematic Theology ??? Scripture, ?? God, ??? man, ?? Sin, ??? Christ, ??? Salvation, ??? Church, ??? Last Things (8 Loci)
Practical Studies Philosophical Theology
9
????? ???? (Biblical Theology)

• ??????
• ?? ? ?, ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ??? ?????
  ??, ??.
• ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???. (??? ??)

• ??? ??
• ???/??? ??, ? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ???? ???
  ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????.

10
???? Historical Theology

• ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ???.
• (1) ??? ???? (Synchronic Approach) - ? ??? ?????
• (2) ??? ???? (Diachronic Approach) - ? ??? ??? ??
      

11
???? (Historical Theology)? ???

• (1) ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ???? ??? ?
  ??.
• (2) ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? (? ?? ???? ?? ?).
• (3) ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??.

12
The Need for Theology (17) ??? ???? ?? ???

• (1) ?? ??? ?????  ???? ????? ?? ?? ? ????
• (2) ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????
• (3) ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????

13
??? 3?? ??? (17)

• (1) ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.
• (2) ???? ??? ??, ? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???
• (3) ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???

14
??? ???The Starting Point of Theology

• (1) ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????
• (2) ??? ??? ??(??)? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ????
• Strong, ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???
  ??(intuition)? ????.

15
??? ??? ??

• (1) ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??.
• (2) ?????? ??? ??? ?????.
• (3) ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ????(??)? ??? ?????
  ??. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? (Presuppositional
  Revelation)??.

16
?????? ??Theology as Science
Augustine ??? ???????? ?? (Wisdom) ?? ??. ??? ?? (Knowledge) ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???.
Thomas Aquinas ??? ?? ??? ?? - ??? ??? ??
Karl Barth ??? ??? ??, ??(Scholz)? lt??? 6?? ??gt? ???.
17
??? ??? ????.

• (1) ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???.
• (2) ??? ?????.
• (3) ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ??.

18
??? 5?? ???

• (1) ??? ??? ????? ??.
• (2) ??? ???? ??? ??? (???? ???? ????? ???).
• (3) ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??.
• (4) ??? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??
• (5) ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??.

19
??? ?? ???? 4?? ???

• (1) ???? ?? ???? ??? ??.
• (2) ???? ?? ????? ? ? ??.
• (3) ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????.
• (4) ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.

20
? ??? ?????? (19)Why The Bible?

• (1) ???? ??? ??? ????. ?, ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???
  ????? ??? ??. ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? (???? ??? ???,
  ??).
• (2) ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???, ???? ??
  ???? ??? ?????? ??? (?? ???? ??? ????? ??).

21
??? ??Theology and Philosophy
22
??? ??? ??? ?? 5 ?? ??Relation between
Theology and Philosophy
23

• (1) ?? No relation - Tertullian, "What is there
  in common between Athens and Jerusalem?"
• (2) ??? ??? ???. Theology elucidated by
  philosophy Augustine
• (3) ??? ??? ??? ????. Theology established by
  Philosophy Thomas Aquinas
• (4) ??? ??? ??? ????. Theology judged by
  philosophy Deism. Modernists.
• (5) ??? ??? ??? ??. Theology supplied by
  philosophy Hegel

24
20?? ??? ??Some 20th Century Philosophies

• (1) ???? Pragmatism - American, John Dewey, James
  Stuart Mill
• (2) ???? Existentialism
• (3) Analytical Philosophy Bertrand Russell,
  Comte
• (4) Process Theology - Alfred North Whitehead
• (5) Deconstruction ??? - postmodernity - ?? ????
  ???

25
???? Pragmatism

• (1) ?? American John Dewey, James Stuart Mill
• (2) ???? ??? ??? ?? (No absolute truth). Truth
  experiencing consequences. ??? ????? ???
  (Emphasis on the present)
• (3) ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??
  ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? (Not Is it true that
  God exists? but Is it useful to believe that
  God exists?) .

26
???? Existentialism

• (1) ?? (Origin) Soren Kierkegaard - Hegel ?
  Nietzsche ? ??.
• (2) ???? (Philosophers) De Cartes, Martin
  Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Karl Jaspers

27

• (3) ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???
  (Is it? is far more important than What is
  it?)
• ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??
  ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? (Limitation of
  human senses, Focusing in an individual, freedom,
  subjectivity).
• (4) Influence to Karl Barth, Emil Brunner, Paul
  Tillich and Rudolph Bultmann
• ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? - really
  authentic?

28
Analytical Philosophy

• (1) Logical Positivism (??? ????)- Bertrand
  Russell, Comte
• (2) While traditional Philosophy focuses on What
  is right, What is true, and What is beautiful?,
  A.P. focuses on What do you mean by that?
• (3) Logical Positivism relying only on
  mathematical data and empirical data.
• (4) Problem ??? ??? ? Logic ???, ??? ??? ????
  ???? ??? ?? ? ???

29
Process Theology

• (1) Alfred North Whitehead
• (2) ?? ?? ?? ?? (what is real) ? ???? ??? ???
  ????? ??. ??(reality)? ????.  ??? ??? ???? ????. 
  ??? ? ????.
• (3) ??? ?? ?? ????, ??? ??? ? ??? ????. ?? ????
  ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??
  ??? ??? ??? ?? ??.  ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??.  God
  is "becoming."

30
Deconstruction

• (1) Derrida. Postmodernity - ?? ???? ???
• (2) A rejection of any attempt to discover and to
  express an underlying pattern of reality. ??
  North ?? Process Theology? ??? ??. ?? ??? ??
  ????? ??? ??? ????.

31
?????? ??? ???? ?? 2??The 2 Principles in the
Use of Philosophy

• (1) ??? ??? ???? ?? (Revelation rather than
  philosophy supplies the content of our theology).
  
• (2) ???? ???? ?? (Philosophy is a thought
  process, a thinking activity rather than a body
  of truths).

32
??? ???The Method of Theology
33
??? ?? ??The Theological Scene Today

• (1) ??? ??? ??.
• (2) ?? ?? ??? ????.
• (3) ??? ???? ???? ??.

34
??????? ?? ???? 3 ?? ??

• (1) ???
• ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???.
• (2) ???
• ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????.
• (3) ???
• ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???.

35
?????? (19-22)The Process of Doing Theology

• (1) ??? ???? ????.
• ???? ??(??? ??)? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???
  ??.
•   ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????
  ??.
• (2) ?????? ????.
• ? ????, ????, ???? ?  ?  ???? (New
  Testament Thology)
• ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??.

36

• (3) ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.
•     ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.
• (4) ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.
•     ??? (Diachronic Approach) ????? ???
•      ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.
• (5) ???? ??? ??? ????.

37

• (6) ??? ????? ????. Divine Meaning.
• ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.
• ?? ?? ??, ??, ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????.
• (7) ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???. ???
  (Archaeology).
• ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???.
• (8) ??? ???? ??, ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??.

38

•  (9) ???? ????? ??
•      ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??
  ??? ??.
• (10) ???? ???? ?? ????? ??.
•        ? ??? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????
•         ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??.

39
Chapter 2 ??? ??? ???Contemporizing the
Christian Message
40
 ???? ??The Challenge of Obsolescene Rudolf
Bultmann

• (1) Bultman? ??
• ??? ??? ???? ??, ??? ??? view of reality ??.
  
• (2) ?? ??
• ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.  ????,
  ??, ???? ???, ??.  ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????.

41
3?? ??? ?? (25-26)3 Views on Contemporizing

• (1) ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
• (2) ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
• (3) ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??
• ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ? ??? ???, ?? ???? ?????
  ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???.

42
???? ??? The Locus of Permanence in Christianity
(26-27)

• ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??.  ??? ???
  ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??.
•  
• (1) ??
• ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??. ex.
  Roman Catholic Church
• (2) ???? ??
• ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
  ???? ??? ????.

43

• (3) ??
• ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???, ???? ???
  ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ex. Harry E.
  Fosdick
• (4) ??
• ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? - ?? ?????? ????.
  ex. J. Gresham Machen
• (5) ?
• ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???,  ???? ???? ????
  ???? ???? ???? ??.  ex. Kant, Albert Ritschl,
  Walter Rauschenbusch

44
Two approaches to Contemporizing Theology  

• transformer? or translator?
• (1) ??? ???? ???? ???? ??, ?? ???
  ???(translator)? ?? ???.  ? ??? ???? ??? ?????
  ???? ?? ???? ???? ???.  ??? 1??? ??? 20??? ???
  ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??. 
• (2) ??? ??? -  ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???
  ???(equivalent) ? ??.

45

• (3) ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??.  ?
  ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????.
•  
• (4) ???? ??? temporary form of expression??
  permanent essence of concept? ???? ???.  (? ???
  ?? ??? transcendence of God) 
• ? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???.

46
The 5 Criteria of Permanence (28-30)

• (1) ?? ??? ???? ???? ?
• (2) ????? ????? ??
• (3) ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?
• (4) ??? ??? ??
• (5) ??? ??? ??
• ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?
  ???? ???? ??.  ??? ??? ??? ??, ???? ???? ??? ??.