Insulin Resistance

1
Insulin Resistance

• Normal amount of insulin doesnt produce a normal
  response
• Associated with predisposition to laminitis
• Vasoconstriction, endothelial damage,
  inflammatory response

2
Insulin Resistance

• Associated with diets that cause large flux in
  glucose and insulin
• Amount of starch/sugar
• Digestion/absorption of starch/sugar
• Glycemic response
• Fat fiber reduce glycemic response
• Exercise improves insulin sensitivity

3
Insulin Resistance Prevention

• Provide regular exercise
• Monitor body weight/body condition
• Reduce NSC in diet
• Grazing muzzles

4
Laminitis

• Systemic disease
• Manifests in feet
• Incidence reported 2.1
• Incidence in horses gt 20 y 6.4

5
Laminitis Causes

• Excessive intake of rapidly fermentable CHO
• Endotoxemia
• Obesity insulin resistance
• Endocrine disturbances
• Black walnut shavings
• Excessive concussion

6
Laminitis Causes

• Exact mechanism is still not known
• 3 theories
• Vascular hemodynamic
• Toxic/metabolic/enzymatic
• Traumatic/mechanical overload

7
Laminitis Vascular Hemodynamic

• Unknown factor causes change in blood supply
• Impaired blood supply to laminae
• Could be compounds formed/released from hindgut

8
Laminitis Toxic/Metabolic/Enzymatic

• Unknown factor via bloodstream
• Activates metallic matrix metalloproteinases
• Breakdown of membranes
• Separation of laminae

9
Laminitis Trauma/Mechanical

• Overload and inflammation
• Alters blood flow
• Separation of laminae