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Holistic Care Chapter 2

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Title: Holistic Care Chapter 2


1
Holistic CareChapter 2
Foundations of Nursing Lois White
Sharon L Kinley-Schwing Rn BSN PHN Edited by
Leslie Lehmkuhl, 2008 Pacific
College 2007
2
Key Terms
  • Attitude
  • Body Mechanics
  • Culture
  • Health
  • Health continuum (Figure 2-3)
  • Holistic
  • Homeostasis

3
  • Intellectual Wellness
  • Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Figure 2-4)
  • Physical Wellness
  • Psychological Wellness
  • Self-awareness
  • Self-concept
  • Social-cultural wellness
  • Spiritual Wellness
  • Wellness

4
PROFESSIONAL CAREGIVERS
  • Work together to promote and maintain client
    health.
  • Most simply, health means that an organization is
    performing its vital functions normally and
    properly.

5
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
  • Health is a state of complete physical,
    mental, and social well-being and not merely the
    absence of disease or infirmity.

6
HEALTH HOLISTIC HEALTH
  • Health is a persons physical well-being.
  • Holistic is from the Greek word holos, meaning
    whole.
  • Holistic health views the physical, intellectual,
    socio-cultural, psychological, and spiritual
    aspects of a persons life as an integrated
    whole.
  • Homeostasis The balance or stability of the
    body, mind and spirit.

7
THE HOLISTIC VIEW
8
HOLISTIC CARE
  • National Institutes of Health defines this as
    care that considers the whole person, including
    physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual
    aspects.
  • The nurse helps the client in attaining the best
    state for healing to occur.

9
SOME HOLISTIC MODALITIES(class activity)
  • Biofeedback
  • Exercise and movement
  • Goal-setting
  • Humor and laughter
  • Imagery
  • Journaling
  • Massage
  • Play therapy
  • Prayer
  • Therapeutic touch

10
A HEALER
  • Demonstrates awareness that self-healing is a
    continual process.
  • Is familiar with self-development.
  • Recognizes personal strengths and weaknesses.
  • Models self-care.
  • Respects and loves clients.

11
A HEALER (continued)
  • Demonstrates awareness that personal presence is
    as important as technical skills.
  • Presumes that clients know the best life choices.
  • Guides clients in discovering creative options.

12
A HEALER (continued)
  • Listens actively.
  • Shares insights without imposing personal values
    and beliefs.
  • Accepts client input without judgment.
  • Views time spent with clients as an opportunity
    to serve and share.

13
NURSING THE WHOLE PERSON
  • A comprehensive approach to health care considers
    the whole person and their ability to meet
    self-care needs.
  • Takes into account the individuals
    responsibility for personal well-being.
  • Teaches preventive care.

14
WELLNESS
  • Is a responsibility, a choice, a lifestyle design
    that helps maintain the highest potential for
    personal health.

15
THE HEALTH CONTINUUM
  • Is a way to visualize the range of an
    individuals health, from highest health
    potential to death. Highest health to death.

16
MASLOWS HIERARCHY Of Needs
  • 5 related level of needs needed to maintain life
  • A theory of behavioral motivation based on needs.
  • Many nursing programs use this as a basis for
    planning the care of clients.
  • Maslows Theorys are used today in many areas of
    nursing education and patient care.

17
MASLOWS HIERARCHY of needs cont.
  • Beginning with the most important
  • Physiological (Base of hierarchy)
  • Safety and security
  • Love and belonging
  • Self-esteem
  • Self-actualization (top of heiarchy)

18
  • The needs of the lower levels (O2, h2O, food,
    elimination) must be met before a person is
    motivated to meet the needs of the next higher
    level.

19
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
  • Air, water (most important nutrient needed for
    wellness), food, elimination, rest
    (sleep)/activity (exercise), and sex.
  • The basic physiological needs must be met before
    higher-level needs become motivators of behavior.

20
SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS
  • The needs for shelter, stability, security,
    physical safety, and freedom from undue anxiety.
  • Safety needs include both physical and emotional
    aspects.

21
LOVE AND BELONGING NEEDS
  • Incorporate the giving and receiving of
    affection.
  • Meeting these needs is extremely important for
    mental health.

22
SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS
  • These are met by achieving success in work and
    other activities.
  • Recognition from others increases self-esteem.

23
SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS
  • This is the highest level of the hierarchy.
  • A person who has met these needs is
  • Confident.
  • Self-fulfilled.
  • Creative.
  • Looks for challenges.
  • Sees beauty and order in the world.

24
REMEMBER ...
  • Individuals do not move steadily up the
    hierarchy.
  • As life situations change, needs change, and
    behavior is motivated by different levels of the
    hierarchy.

25
PROVIDING QUALITY CARE
  • You must be aware of yourself.
  • You must take care of your own needs before you
    can take care of others.

26
SELF-AWARENESS
  • Consciously knowing how the self thinks, feels,
    believes, and behaves at any specific time.
  • May be uncomfortable.
  • The self-aware nurse is more likely to make
    decisions in response to clients needs rather
    than nurses own needs.

27
SELF-CONCEPT
  • How a person thinks or feels about himself.
  • Begins forming in infancy.
  • Develops through feedback from others.

28
SELF-CARE
  • The most effective means to teach wellness is by
    positive example.
  • Remind yourself and your clients that health is a
    personal choice and that each person has control
    over his or her own wellness.

29
THE FULL Meaning of Holistic Care
  • Help clients understand how
  • physical,
  • intellectual,
  • socio-cultural,
  • psychological,
  • and spiritual health
  • are all
    related.

30
PHYSICAL WELLNESS
  • Refers to a healthy body that functions at an
    optimal level.
  • Includes
  • grooming,
  • proper body mechanics,
  • good posture,
  • nutrition,
  • sleep/ rest / relaxation,
  • exercise,
  • and refraining from smoking, drugs, and alcohol.

31
GROOMING
  • Bathe daily.
  • Use deodorant.
  • Hair should be neatly combed, styled.
  • Brush teeth frequently.
  • Avoid perfumes.

32
ALSO
  • Practice good hand hygiene.
  • Use lotion to prevent dry, cracked skin.
  • Fingernails should be short and clean.
  • Jewelry is inappropriate.
  • Heavy makeup should be avoided.

33
BODY MECHANICS
  • Using the body in the safest and most efficient
    way to move or lift objects.

34
POSTURE
  • The basis for proper body mechanics.
  • Means the ability to carry oneself well and in
    correct body alignment.
  • Remember that your posture sends messages about
    your attitude and feelings.

35
SMOKING
  • Is unhealthy.
  • May be personally offensive to clients.
  • Smoke odors may cause allergic reactions or
    nausea.
  • Nurses who smoke must take great care to ensure
    that no offensive tobacco odors remain on their
    clothes or breath.

36
DRUGS AND ALCOHOL
  • Impaired Caregivers programs available.
  • Nurses should never give or make available any
    drug without the written order of a physician or
    nurse practitioner.
  • Nurses have an obligation to let supervisors know
    if a co-worker is abusing drugs or alcohol.
  • Nurses have an obligation to their clients and
    peers to ask for help if they have a problem.

37
NUTRITION
  • A balanced diet is required for optimal body
    function.
  • Food is a basic need in Maslows hierarchy.
  • Breakfast is very important.
  • Snacks should be planned and healthy.

38
REMEMBER WATER
  • Water is the bodysmost importantnutrient.
  • The average adultneeds 68 glassesa day.

39
Sleep, Rest, Relax and Exercise
  • Wellness also means taking time to enjoy
    yourself.
  • The body replenishes its energy reserves and
    heals during sleep.
  • Rest is a time of inner quiet and physical
    inactivity.
  • Relaxation is doing something just for the fun of
    it.
  • Exercise increases heart rate and breathing,
    circulation improves, and muscles stretch.

40
INTELLECTUAL WELLNESS
  • The ability to function as an independent person
    and make sound decisions.
  • Clear thinking and problem-solving skills.
  • Good judgment.
  • A desire to learn.

41
SOCIOCULTURAL WELLNESS
  • Ability to appreciate the needs of others and to
    care about ones environment and the inhabitants
    of it.
  • Culture influences a persons views about
    wellness and response to illness.
  • Nurses should accept each person as an individual.

42
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLNESS
  • Includes the enjoyment of creativity, loving and
    being loved, and understanding and controlling
    emotions.
  • Includes having a positive attitude.

43
SPIRITUAL WELLNESS
  • Manifests itself as inner strength and peace.
  • Spirituality is broader than religion.
  • Spirituality involves ones relationship with
    self, others, the natural order, and a higher
    power.
  • For many, religious practices are an expression
    of their spirituality.
  • The nurse must respect the spiritual needs of
    their clients.

44
NURTURE YOURSELF!
  • The demands of clients, employers, and coworkers
    can cause stress for the nurse.
  • Those who dont nurture themselves will suffer
    stress symptoms and illnesses.

45
SELF-NURTURING TIPS
  • Develop activities to recharge your body, mind,
    and spirit.
  • Make time for fun. Any activity that brings
    happiness or joy is beneficial.
  • Schedule a few minutes each day for pleasure.

46
FOR NURSES
  • Wellness means practicing wellness habits daily
    and serving as role models of the holistically
    healthy individual.

47
  • Questions ?

48
  • Answers to the Review Questions
  • 1. Rest is defined as
  • d. conscious freedom from activity and worry.
  • 2. What responsibility does the nurse have who
    believes a colleague is abusing drugs?
  • Report it to the supervisor.
  • 3. What can be the result when breakfast is
    omitted?
  • b. The person is left tired, weak, and hungry.
  • 4. Positive or negative feelings about people,
    places, or things are called
  • d. attitudes.
  • 5. The aspects of total wellness are
  • b. physical, psychological, spiritual,
    intellectual, and sociocultural
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