The Thirteen English Colonies

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The Thirteen English Colonies

• New England Colonies
• Middle Colonies
• Southern Colonies

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Why colonize the New World?

• Opportunities to make a living
• Religious freedom
• Avoid tyranny
• Climate favorable to Englishmen

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How will the colonies be financed (paid for) and
organized?

• Joint stock company formed by a group of
  wealthy businessmen who apply to the King for a
  charter to settle a colony. (Jamestown,
  Massachusetts Bay)
• Proprietary colony The king gives land to a
  loyal subject or friend to start a colony
  (Pennsylvania, North Carolina)
• Royal colony the king appoints a governor who
  controls the colony for him. (all colonies would
  become royal colonies by the start of the
  revolution)

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New England Colonies

• Massachusetts (1620)
• Rhode Island (1636)
• Connecticut (1636)
• New Hampshire (1638)

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New England Colonies
Colony Date Founder Reasons Importance
Plymouth MA Bay MA 1620 1630 Pilgrims Puritans Religious freedom Religious freedom (City on a Hill) Mayflower Compact Representative govt.-General Court
New Hampshire 1623 John Mason, Sir F. Gorges Religion, profit from trade and fishing MA colonists moved in area
Connecticut 1636 Thomas Hooker Religion political freedom limited govt. Fundamental Orders of CT
Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams Religious tolerance Separates church and state
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New England

• The New England colonies based their economy
  mostly on trade and shipping. It was also
  supported by fishing, lumber, manufacturing, and
  some agriculture.

• The New England area was covered with forest, the
  soil was thin and rocky. The area has long, cold
  winters and short growing seasons.

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The Middle Colonies

• New York (1626)
• Delaware (1638)
• New Jersey (1664)
• Pennsylvania (1682)

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Middle Colonies
Colony Date Founder Reason Importance
New Netherlands New York 1624 1664 Dutch Duke of York Trade, religious freedom Trade Diverse population
Delaware 1638 1664 1682 Swedes English W Penn Trade Seized by rival Known as lower counties Provide PN a coastline
New Jersey 1664 Lord Berkeley, Sir Carteret Trade, religious and political freedom Religion and assembly rights
Pennsylvania 1682 W Penn Religious and political freedom Diverse population
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Middle Colonies

• The economy of the Middle Colonies was a mixture
  of agriculture and commerce they were the
  middle man between the Southern and New England
  colonies. They became known as the Bread Basket
  colonies

• The Middle Colonies has fertile soil, temperate
  climate with longer growing seasons
• Results-some large estates large family farms
  with indentured servants, little slavery except
  in Delawares tobacco plantations.

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Southern Colonies

• Virginia (Jamestown 1607)
• Maryland (1633)
• North Carolina (1653)
• South Carolina (1663)
• Georgia (1732)

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Southern Colonies
Colony Date Founder Reason Importance
Jamestown Virginia 1607 1624 VA Co of London Trade, farming, land, money Rolfe-tobacco House of Burgesses (1st Representative Assembly in North America)
Maryland 1632 Lord Baltimore Religious and political freedom Elected assembly Act of Toleration
Carolinas N Carolina S Carolina 1663 1712 1729 Eight Proprietors Royal colony Trade, farming religion African slaves Representative assemblies
Georgia 1732 James Oglethorpe Haven for prisoners and debtors buffer for Spanish FL Slavery and plantations
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Southern Colonies

• The Southern Colonies economy was based on the
  sale of crops to the other colonies and England.

• Fertile soil mild winters with long growing
  season lots of waterways for transportation
• Most farms were small and worked by families
  plantations with hundreds of slaves

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Triangular Trade

• The colonies engaged in a trading system called
  Triangular Trade.

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The Middle Passage

• A particularly harsh part of the slaves
  experience, the middle passage was the voyage
  across the Atlantic Ocean on a slave ship. This
  led to African Diaspora.

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Political life in colonial North America

• Political life in the colonies was based on
  self-government in England (Parliament)
• Town meetings, where people met to discuss and
  vote on local matters, were an important part of
  the democratic process (direct democracy).
• The colonial governor was usually appointed by
  the king.