LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS.
TAIWAN PART 2 TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 
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NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWANS COMMUNITIES
AT RISK
EARTHQUAKES
GOAL DISASTER RESILIENCE
TYPHOONS
FLOODS
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH
BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
LANDSLIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
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TAIWAN
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TAIWAN
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TYPHOONS

• TAIWAN IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS
  AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC
  OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING
  FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL

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CAUSES OF DAMAGE
WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
TYPHOONS
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
DISASTER LABORATORIES
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
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TAIWANS COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN
UP AFTERSHOCKS
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CAUSES OF DAMAGE
SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
LANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
CASE HISTORIES
PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
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Physics Of A Typhoon
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HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL
DISASTER AGENTS)

• WIND FIELD CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5 (155 mph or
  greater)
• DEBRIS
• STORM SURGE
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION
• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• COSTAL EROSION

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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS
• WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND
  WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED
  BUILDINGS.

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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS.
• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY
  WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO
  EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

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TYPHOON MORACOT
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Morakot was the most devastating storm of the
deadly 2009 Pacific typhoon season and was also
the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in
recorded history
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PATH OF TYPHOON MORACOT AUG 7, 2009
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MORACOTS FLOODING
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CAUSES OF RISK
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
FLOODS
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
CASE HISTORIES
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
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MORACOTS IMPACTS

• Morakot dumped a total of 2.5 meters (100 inches)
  of rain on the island.

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TYPHOON MORACOT FLOODING CHIATUNG CO.
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TYPHOON MORACOT SUBMERGED HOUSE
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TYPHOON MORACOT COLLAPSE OF HOTEL
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TYPHOON MORACOT RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGED
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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS
• CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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TYPHOON MORACOT RESCUE WORKERS
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TYPHOON MORACOT EVACUATION BY MILITARY
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TYPHOON MORACOT EVACUATION OF ELDERLY
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OTHER NOTABLE TYPHOONS IMPACTING TAIWAN
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NATURAL DISASTERS 2003

• TYPHOON DUJUAN TIAWAN
• 1-3 SEPTEMBER

• THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND HOMES INUNDATED
• AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST
• 320 M LOSS
• -- 0 INSURED LOSS
• 42 DEATHS

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NATURAL DISASTERS 2001

• TYPHOON NARI (TIAWAN)

• 800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS
• PARTIAL INDEMNIFI-CATION BY INSURANCE
• 93 DEATHS

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LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NATURAL HAZARDS
• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

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TYPHOON MORACOT DEBRIS IN FUGANG HARBOR
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MAIN INSIGHTS FROM SEVERE WINDSTORMS

• EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION TO MOVE PEOPLE OUT
  OF HARMS WAY ARE VITAL FOR SAVING LIVES
• WIND ENGINEERING PROTECTS BUILDINGS
• WIND INSURANCE POOLS SPREADS RISK

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TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE
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LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN

• ASSOCIATED WITH TYPHOONS AND EARTHQUAKES

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CAUSES OF DAMAGE
SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
LANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
CASE HISTORIES
PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
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MORACOTS IMPACTS

• At least 40 people dead, many as the result of a
  village being buried by a landslide (mudslide)
  during the storm..

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TYPHOON MORACOT LANDSLIDE AUGUST 2009
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TYPHOON MORACOT RESCUE FROM MUDSLIDE AREA
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LANDSLIDE EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN
APRIL 26, 2010
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Following several days of rain, a hillside
collapsed onto a three-lane highway over a
300-meter stretch, burying three cars and
disrupting traffic.
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LANDSLIDE AFTER EARTHQUAKE
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SEARCH AND RESCUE