Title: Architecture, Mobility Management and Performance Issues for Wireless Internet Telephony and Multicast Streaming

1
Title Architecture, Mobility Management and
Performance Issues for Wireless Internet
Telephony and Multicast Streaming

• Thesis Proposal by Ashutosh Dutta
• adutta_at_research.telcordia.com
• Thesis Advisor Prof. Henning Schulzrinne

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Outline

• Motivation Problem Statement
• Related Work
• Initial Results
• Future Work with timeline
• Conclusions/Discussions
• Video Demo (if time permits)

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Mobile Wireless Internet A Scenario
Domain1
Internet
Domain2
PSTN gateway
WAN
802.11a/b/g
WAN
UMTS/ CDMA
IPv6 Network

Bluetooth
802.11 a/b/g
LAN
PSTN
Hotspot
LAN
PAN
CH
Roaming User
UMTS/CDMA Network
Ad Hoc Network
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Proposed area of work
IP Mobility
Service
Session
Terminal
()
Personal
Mid-session
Pre-session
Application Layer
Network Layer
Multicast
Transport Layer
Optimized Fast- Handoff ()
MIP CIP HAWAII IDMP () MIP-LR MIPV6
SIPMM () MIP-LR(M)
Network Layer
Overlay
MSOCKS, Migrate mSCTP
MarconiNet
Mobicast, MSA, MMA
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Motivation and Problem Statement

• Motivation
• Current mobility management mechanisms suffer
  from wide scale deployment bottleneck due to
  performance issues such as triangular routing,
  encapsulation and lack of transition abilities
  between diverse networks
• Provide session-based applications such as IP
  telephony and multimedia streaming services
  anytime, anywhere in a most optimized, secured
  manner
• Need to minimize packet loss and handoff latency
  during subnet and domain movement
• 200 ms maximum tolerable jitter for real-time
  application, 3 packet loss
• Design, demonstrate and analyze an optimized
  application layer mobility management scheme for
  wireless Internet telephony
• Application layer terminal mobility for wireless
  Internet roaming (Cell, Subnet, Domain movement)
• Interaction with Registration, Configuration,
  Security, QoS, VPN, heterogeneous access, IPv6
• Policy-based mobility management for survivable
  networks
• Fast-handoff Mechanisms to reduce transient data
  loss and handoff delay
• Layer 3
• Application Layer
• Proactive handoff
• Performance evaluation of application layer
  terminal mobility with MIPv4,MIPv6, IDMP
• Proof-of-concept in a wireless Internet telephony
  testbed
• Design, demonstrate and analyze a multicast
  mobile content distribution
• Hierarchical scope-based multicast architecture
• Flexible content distribution (global content and
  local content) with application layer triggering
• Fast-handoff mechanism for Intra-domain IP
  multicast stream

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Handoff Latency For Terminal Mobility
?1- L2 Hand-over Latency Delay ?2 Delay due
to IP Address Acquisition and Configuration ?3
- Registration and Media Redirection delay
?3
?
?2
?1
Method Linux DHCP ARP w/o DHCP (v6) FA COA Auto IP L2 802.11 Static Pro active
Time ?2 4-5 s 150 ms 1 2 s 4-5 s 100 ms 100 ms TBD
?1
DRCP
CDMA
PPP
?1
300 - 400 ms
160 ms
500 ms
27 ms
7-8 s
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Sample Mobility Protocols under study
Dynamic DNS
Home Network
Home Network
SIP Server
Register
HA
Registers
New Data
data
CH
Tunnelled data
SIP Server
Re-INVITE
Existing Session
CH
FA
DHCP
data
MN
moves
MN
MN
1. MN moves 2. MN re-invites 3. SIP OK 4. Data
Foreign Network
Plain Mobile IPv4
SIP Mid-session mobility
Mobile IPv6
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Application layer terminal mobility for wireless
Internet roaming
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Comparison of MIP with application layer mobility
protocols (SIP, MIP-LR)
Fig 1 a. Comparison of MIP and SIP-based mobility
Fig 1 b. Comparison of MIP and MIP-LR application
layer
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SIP-based Subnet and Domain Mobility (Experiment)
A specific handoff case with timing
Fig 1. Handoff Factors for SIP-based mobility
Operation DRCP PANA SIP MediaRTP
Subnet Handoff 79 ms 2 ms 228 ms 1490 ms
Domain Handoff 81 ms 45 ms 289 ms 1656 ms
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Inter-domain secured handoff using SIP-MIP
Fig 3a. SIP-based secured Inter-domain mobility
Fig 3b. MIP-based secured Inter-domain mobility
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Fast-handoff across heterogeneous access network
Operation Timing
PPP setup 10 sec
X-MIP 300 ms
VPN Tunnel setup 6 Sec
I-MIP 400 ms
I-MIP (Home) 200 ms
IPSEC 60 ms
DHCP 3 Sec
TransmissionDelay 5 ms 802.11 2.5 s cellular
Movement type Cellular- 802.11b Cellular- 802.11b 802.11b Cellular 802.11b Cellular
Handoff Trials 1 2 1 2
INVITE -gt OK 0.12 s 0.12 s 1.32 s 6.64 s
INVITE -gt 1st Packet 0.39 s 0.41 s 2.54 s 7.18 s
Re-transmission None None Yes Yes
Fig 2a. SIP-based multi-interface mobility
management
Fig 2b. Mobile IP with VPN
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SIP-based handoff analysis for IPv6 and MIPv6
(experiment)
Handoff Delay Table
Signaling (ms) Media (ms)
H12 38290 38546
H23 3932

HANDOFF CASE
SIP (DAD)
SIP NDAD
MIPv6 NDAD
SIP NDAD
MIPv6 NDAD
SIP DAD
171.4
1.5
420.8
21.1
418.6
30.3
4187.7
161.6
2.0
1949.4
408.4
25.3
H31
161.1
1.0
1934.7
Handoff Flow
Key Findings SIP Mobility and MIPv6 have a lot
of similarities in terms of binding update and
triangular routing avoidance and could be
interesting candidates for performance comparison
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Application layer mobility for TCP traffic
(Mobility Proxy)
CH
Approach 2
Approach 1
1. Existing TCP connection
4. New TCP connection
3. Re-Invite / MIPLR update
New TCP connection
SIP Registrar
Mobility Proxy
SIP-CGI
4. Forward packets to the new IP address
Libipq De-Mangler
3. Update IP address
IP1
IP2
Mobile Host with New IP address
2. Change to a new IP address
Mobile Host with Old IP address
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Policy-based mobility management
MIPLR-MMP
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Policy-based mobility management performance
(experiment)
(a) duplicate packets arriving at MH during
micro-mobility handoff (b) packets dropped
during macro-mobility handoff
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Why SIP Fast-handoff ?
CN
Home Domain
Home SIP Proxy
Public SIP Proxy
Public SIP Proxy
RTP Media (Existing SIP Session)
Public SIP Proxy
Internet
5
RTP Media after Re-Invite
OK
Visited Domain
ACK
Visited Proxy
Re-Invite
Translator
3
IP2
Subnet S2
Register
2
MN
Translator
1
IP0
Subnet S0
4
MN
IP1
Translator

MN
Subnet S1
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SIP fast-handoff mechanisms

• Key Design Techniques
• Limit the signaling due to Intra-domain Mobility
• Capture the transient packets in-flight and
  redirects to the mobile
• SIP Registrar and Mobility Proxy-based
• RTPtrans (RTP translator an application layer
  Translator)
• Mobility Proxy uses NAT tables
• Experimented in the lab environment
• Outbound SIP proxy server and mobility proxy
• Local SIP proxy captures outbound packets
• B2BUA and midcom
• Operator assisted fast-handoff
• Multicast Agent
• Small group multicast
• Duration limited locally scoped Multicast

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Intra-domain SIP fast-handoff mechanism mobility
proxy
Domain -D1
Mapping Database
RT1,RT2,RT3 - RTP Translators
2a Re-Invite
IP2 -gt IPR1
Delay
SIP
IP3 -gt IPR2
Server/ Registrar
Simulator
.
.
.
(Media)
R
1
2 (Re-invite)
(Media in flight)
3
Register
2
IPR2
IPR3
IPR1
4
RT2
RT3
RT1
IP1p1
IP2p1
4
(Transient media)
IP1
IP2
IP3
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Proactive handoff protocol flow
NAR
PAR
Location Server Peer
CH
DHCP
AAA
AP2
MN
AP1
MN
DISCOVER Network Elements Neighboring networks
IP0
Existing Session
Authentication
PANA
IKEv2
DHCP proxy
IKEv2
with IP address from network 2
Binding Update with IP1
Tunneled data
Detects New Network
Old IPSEC Tunnel Breaks
DHCP INFORM
New Data
IP1
Network B
Network C
Network A
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MarconiNet Logical Architecture
Global Content Providers
PS1
PSi
PS2
(Encrypted Audio Stream)
M2
Mi
SAP Based announcement GLOBAL (encrypted)
M1
SAP Mx
Mi
RTP/RTCP
Local station
Channel Monitor
Channel Database
MarconiNet Prototype
Program Manager
SETUP
RTSP Ad/ Media Server
PLAY
Channel announcement (local)
Local Commercial
lmi
mi
RTP/RTCP
SAP lmx
lml (local program)
SAP/SDP
Mobile Clients
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Protocol Flow for MarconiNet
Maddr
Server
Content
lml
IMR
Fetch
Maddr
Mi
Local
Global
Bus
Bus
Start Global Program
Local Program (SAP)
Announce (SAP/SDP)
Mi
lmi
Media(RTP)
Media,
(RTP)
)
Annoucement
SAP (Get
Local Channel DB
anouncement
IGMP join
Get the
Client tunes
RTCP Join
Live media
Send on
RTCP Triggering
External event triggers Local Content
lmi
Play
Media
Commercial
Delivery
Live media
Send media (RTSP)
Ad delivery
Client changes channel
RTCP BYE
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Mobility and QoS with multiple servers
Sources
S1
S2
p1
p2
M-Proxy
Backbone
S1
S0
m1
Local Server
m2

• Fast-handoff for the
• mobiles

RTSP
Local Program
Ad server
(a1,a2)

• QoS negotiation

(a3)
BS1
BS2
BS0
(P1,a1)
P2,a3
(P2,a2)
P2,a2
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Fast-handoff mechanism for MarconiNet

• Layer two handoff
• CGMP, IGMP snooping
• Post Registration
• Address Acquisition (DHCP/DRCP)
• IGMP Triggering (Layer 3)
• RTCP Join/Leave (Application Layer)
• Pre-registration
• RTCP triggering with pre-provisioned shared
  multicast address
• Time bound pro-active multicast using multicast
  agent
• Deploy proxy agents in each subnet
• During registration
• Pass on the local multicast address as part of
  DHCP DISCOVER message

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IGMP Join/Leave latency vs. Proxy-based handoff
in 802.11 environment
JOIN latency is almost zero Leave latency is
still an issue ?
JOIN Latency is about 60 seconds Maximum LEAVE
latency is about 3 min
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Roadmap for future work

• Develop analytical models for the following cases
• SIP-based mobility and MIPv6 February 2005
• SIP-based fast handoff, IDMP Fast-handoff, MIP
  Fast-handoff August 2005
• Application layer mobility for simultaneous
  movement) July 2005
• RTCP and IGMP-based Triggering mechanism to study
  join/leave latency April 2005
• Secured proactive fast-handoff mechanism
• Complete the Fast-Handoff scheme using proactive
  IP address acquisition and pre-authentication
• Expected Completion date April 2005
• Experiment fast-handoff mechanisms for MarconiNet
  under 802.11 environment
• Compare three fast-handoff mechanisms
• Reduce the LEAVE latency in 802.11 environment
  using Proxy-based approach
• Expected completion date September 2005
• Compare SIP-based terminal mobility for
  session-based TCP application with other mobility
  approaches
• Expected Completion Date June 2005
• QoS mechanisms for mobile users in MarconiNet
• Use extension of RTCP and SAP protocols to
  provide guaranteed QoS to the mobile
• Perform extensive measurement under variable
  network condition
• Expected completion date is October 2005

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List of Relevant Publications

1. A. Dutta, H. Schulzrinne, Y. Yemini, "MarconiNet
   An Architecture for Internet Radio and TV. 9th
   International Workshop on Network Support for
   Digital Audio Video Systems (NOSSDAV 99), New
   Jersey, 23-25th June.
2. A. Dutta, H. Schulzrinne MarconiNetOverlay
   Mobile Content Distribution Network, IEEE
   Communication Magazine February 2004
3. A. Dutta, F. Vakil, J.C Chen, M. Tauil, S. Baba
   and H. Schulzrinne, "Application Layer Mobility
   Management Scheme for Wireless Internet," in
   3Gwireless 2001,(San Francisco), pp. 7, May 2001
4. A. Dutta, P. Agrawal, S. Das, A. McAuley, D.
   Famolari, H. Schulzrinne et al Realizing Mobile
   Wireless Internet Telephony and Streaming
   Multimedia Testbed Accepted Elsevier Journal for
   Computer and Communication
5. A. Dutta, O. Altintas, W. Chen, H. Schulzrinne
   Mobility Approaches for All IP Wireless Networks,
   SCI 2002, Orlando, Florida
6. A. Dutta, H. Schulzrinne, S. Das, A. McAuley, W.
   Chen, Onur Altintas MarconiNet supporting
   Streaming Media over Localized Wireless
   Multicast, M-Commerce 2002 Workshop, Atlanta
   September 28th, 2002
7. A. Misra, S. Das, A. Dutta, A. McAuley and S.K.
   Das, IDMP based\ Fast-handoff and Paging in IP
   based 4G Mobile Networks," IEEE Communication
   Magazine, March 2002.
8. S. Das, A. Dutta, A. McAuley, A. Misra and S.K.
   Das, IDMP An Intra-Domain Mobility Management
   Protocol for Next Generation, Wireless Networks,
   to appear in IEEE PCS magazine
9. A. Dutta, O. Altintas, H. Schulzrinne, W. Chen
   Multimedia SIP sessions in a Mobile Heterogeneous
   Access Environment, 3G Wireless 2002
10. A. Dutta, D. Wong, J. Burns, R. Jain, H.
    Schulzrinne, A. McAuley Realization of Integrated
    Mobility Management for Ad-Hoc Networks, MILCOM
    2002
11. J. Chennikara, W. Chen, A. Dutta, O. Altintas
    Application Layer Multicast for Mobile Users in
    Diverse Networks, Globecom 2002
12. N. Nakajima, A. Dutta, S. Das, H. Schulzrinne
    Handoff Delay Analysis for SIP Mobility in IPv6
    Testbed, Accepted for for ICC 2003
13. Ping-yu Hsieh, A. Dutta, H. Schulzrinne
    Application Layer Mobility Proxy for Real-time
    communication 3G Wireless 2003
14. K. D. Wong, A. Dutta, K. Young, H. Schulzrinne
    Managing Simultaneous Mobility of IP Hosts,
    MILCOM 2003, Boston
15. A. Dutta, J. Chennikara, W. Chen, O. Altintas, H.
    Schulzrinne Multicasting streaming media to
    mobile users, IEEE Communication Magazine,
    October 2003 Issue
16. K. D.Wong, A. Dutta, J. Burns, R. Jain, K. Young,
    H. Schulzrinne A multilayered mobility management
    scheme for autoconfigured wireless networks, IEEE
    Wireless Communication, October 2003 Issue
17. A. Dutta, S. Das, P. Li, A. McAuley, Y. Ohba, S.
    Baba, H. Schulzrinne Secured Mobile Multimedia
    Communication for Wireless Internet, ICNSC 2004,
    Taipei, Taiwan
18. K. D. Wong, Hung-Yu Wei, A. Dutta, K. Young, H.
    Schulzrinne "Performance of IP Micro-Mobility
    Management Scehemes using Host Based Routing.",
    WPMC 01
19. A. Dutta, S. Madhani, W. Chen, O. Altintas, H.
    Schulzrinne Fast-handoff Schemes for Application
    Layer Mobility Management, PIMRC 2004, Spain

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Summary and Conclusions

• Initial work has focused in the following areas
• SIP-based Mobility Management for Wireless
  Internet
• Terminal Mobility for RTP, TCP traffic for subnet
  and domain
• IPv6
• Heterogeneous Access
• Fast-handoff Approaches (Layer 3 and Layer 4)
• MarconiNet Hierarchical Multicast-based Content
  Distribution
• Streaming prototype with basic features of
  content distribution
• Localized Advertisement, Secured Payment, Channel
  Monitor
• Fast-handoff mechanism under MarconiNet
  environment
• QoS management for the mobiles
• Future work will focus on the following aspects
• Enhancement of the current prototypes
• Develop Analytical models for fast-handoff
  mechanisms
• Comparison of SIP-based mobility management with
  MIPv6
• More Experimental results