Sykes-Picot Agreement Founded by Sir Mark Sykes of Britain and George Picot of France.

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Sykes-Picot Agreement Founded by Sir Mark
Sykes of Britain and George Picot of France.

• Finalized in May 1916 during WWI
• A plan of how France, Britain, and Russia would
  divide the Middle East
• France had control of five areas
• Britain had control of six
• Russia was cut out after Russian Revolution in
  1917

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Zones

• France Armenia, Syria, Lebanon, parts of Central
  Turkey, and Northern Iraq
• Britain Southern Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, North
  coast of Saudi Arabia, and Hafia
• Some of these areas were in the agreement, but
  they were independent Arab states
• International zones were open to everyone

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Balfour Agreement

• First sign of favor to Jews after WWI
• Written on Nov.2,1917 by Authur James Balfour
• Was a letter requesting if Jews can call
  Palestine home
• Letter was sent to Leader of Jewish community in
  Britain
• British cabinet made it possible for Jews to call
  Palestine home

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UN Resolution 181

• They called for a British-ruled Palestine Mandate
  into a Jewish state an Arab state
• For it to be approved on Nov.29,1947 the votes
  would have to be 33 in favor, 13 against, 10
  abstentions, and 1 absent
• Against 13 Afghanistan, Cuba, Egypt, Greece,
  India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi
  Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen.

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• Feb. 1,1948 Jewish state facilities for
  substantial immigrants evacuated
• Armed forces of mandatory power are withdrawn
  from Palestine
• Aug.1,1948 Palestine evacuated start formation
  of Jewish Arab state
• The plan was good but it didnt stay that way
  because today the Gaza Strip and the West Bank
  dont even touch each other
• Jerusalem was not suppose to be controlled by
  anyone but today the Israelis control most of it

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The States/Territories

• A Jewish State covering 56.47 of Mandatory
  Palestine (excluding Jerusalem) with a population
  of 498,000 Jews and 325,000 Arabs
• An Arab State covering 43.53 of Palestine, with
  807,000 Arab inhabitants and 10,000 Jewish
  inhabitants
• An international trusteeship regime in Jerusalem,
  where the population was 100,000 Jews and 105,000
  Arabs.

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Israeli War of Independence1948

• The First Arab- Israeli War
• started day after Israel gained its independence
• Israels declaration of Independence May 14,
  1948
• First day of War May 15, 1948
• The first month Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,
  Syria attacked, few Israeli forces kept Egypt,
  Iraq, and Jordan out of Tel Aviv (Capture of Tel
  Aviv splits Jerusalem off of Israel)
• June U.N. declares cease fire
• Israel gets supplies from
  Soviet-controlled
• sources. ( Stalin wanted
  Israel so he could be a pest to
• the British.)
• July Fighting resumes
• Israelis fought back Egypt and
  Iraq
• Jerusalem and the Western Wall
  held by Jordan.
• Jerusalems lifeline
  to the coast was jeopardized.
• Gaza held by Egypt
• Golan Heights held by Syria
  

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Results of the War

• Israels costliest war
• 6,000 or more Israelis
• killed
• 30,000 Israelis wounded
• All this out of only a
• population of 780,000
• people

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Remaining Conflict

• At end of war, Palestinians left without any
  land
• Huge Palestinian refugee problem
• Jordanian control over West Bank almost cut
  Israel in half
• Israel is only 10 miles wide at
• narrowest point
• Easy bombing opportunities for Syria b/c of
  their control over Golan Heights
• Chance of Egyptians blocking Sinai desert border
• Would cut off Israel from Red Sea
  port Eilat
• Would lead to no exports or imports

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Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
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Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

• - Founded in 1964 to give voice the Palestinians
  refugees from Lebanese camps
• - A Palestinian organization with the goal of
  getting land back from Israel
• Supports terrorist activities
• Umbrella organization to groups like
• -Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
• -Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of
  Palestine
• -Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of
  Palestine General Coming
• - Al-Fatah

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Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

• Early 70s was highly involved with terrorism
  attacks, but in the late 70s under international
  pressure they had to restrict attacks.
• First leader was Yassir Arafat (19292004) he
  took control of the PLO in 1969
• Arafat founded Al-Fatah 1959
• Current leader Muhammand Abbas

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The 6 Day War

• War between Israel and Arab countries (Egypt,
  Syria, Iraq, and Jordan)
• The 3rd major Arab-Israeli conflict
• Began June 5, 1967
• Stemmed from Egypts decision to expel United
  Nation troops from Sinai Peninsula

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Pre War

• Arab-Israeli conflict starts when Israel became
  nation
• 1965 37 terrorists attacks were held on Israel
• 1967 Egypt closed off straits of Tiran and cut
  off oil supply to Israel from Asia
• Israel wanted to have a peace agreement, but
  attacked Egypt only because they felt Egypt had a
  plan to attack them first

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6 Day War

• Involved 3 different battlefronts
• Egyptian Front
• Syrian Front
• Jordanian Front
• Israel used its air superiority to wipe out Arab
  countries air force so they gained an advantage
  in the land battle
• Ended by Israel gaining Gaza Strip/West Bank
  (Palestinians)
• West Bank (Jordan)
• Golan Heights (Syria)
• Sinai Peninsula (Egypt)

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Maps
6 day War
Cease Fire- 6 day War
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Palestinian Refugees

• 1948 creation of Israel
• Palestinians were kicked out or displaced in West
  Bank, Gaza, Jordan Syria, and more place
• 1950s a conditional offer was make for people to
  go back later did not go though
• War of 1960 made more people move a total of 5
  million people
• After the war 77.94 of Palestine fallen under
  Israel control and 84.13 of Jerusalem to. 85
  became Israeli, 7.2 Palestinians

Camp in West Bank
Map on third slide
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• December 11, 1948 United General Assembly adopted
  resolution 194
• This recognized the right to go back home and
  land with receiving compensation.
• In the 1950s United Nations made UNRWA
• (United Nations Relief and Work Agency) this was
  to help the displaced people. They and Israel
  have set up agreements that are not always
  fallowed
• 2002 Israel destroyed camp Jenin ( west bank)
  after United Nations say that could not interfere
  with a camp in Gaza

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Maps and pictures
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The Camp David Accords

• Treaty signed by Egyptian President Anwar
  al-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem
  Begin
• Signed September 17, 1978 in Camp David,
  Maryland
• Jimmy Carter witnessed the signing
• It took 12 days to come up with the accord
• The first Israeli-Arab peace deal
• Ended 30-year war
• Negotiation for West Bank and
  Gaza Strip
• Anwar al-Sadat was shot by
• Egyptians because they didnt
• like the deal

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The Camp David Accords

• Made up of two parts
• Gave the Sinai Peninsula back
• and peace
• between Israel and Egypt
• 2. Negotiate West Bank and
• Gaza Strip

• Agree that military govt. and civilian
• administration be withdrawn from
• West Bank and Gaza Strip
• PLO (Pakistan) and Egypt rejected the accords and
  made Oslo Accord signed by PLO and Israel

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Oslo Accords

• Included the PLO and the Palestinian leader,
  Yasser Arafat and the Israeli Prime Minister,
  Yitzhak Rabin
• Had a face-to-face agreement in Washington, D.C.
  with Bill Clinton.
• Leaders first agreement.
• Some people did not like the Oslo Accords

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Oslo Accords

• Did The Accords Fail or Succeed?
• Failed because of the unbalances of power
• Israel was more developed and Palestine was less
  structured
• Lack of stability in political leadership on both
  sides through the years
• After the Failure of the Accords
• 1993-Foreign Minister challenged them, saying
  that they threatened to land a rocket in Ashkelon
• Since then rockets had been falling down all the
  time
• 1,500 killed from the rockets and 10,000 hurt
  from suicide bombs and shootings
• More terrorists attacks than before the Accords
  were signed

• What Did the Accords Say?
• Israeli forces were to leave areas in the Gaza
  Strip and West Bank
• Religious freedom for all of the people in
  Jerusalem
• Security along the borders and checkpoints
  remains in the Israeli forces hands
• The Palestinians would be responsible for their
  own affairs (no help from Israeli forces)
• No Israeli forces during elections for the
  Palestinian government

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The Likud Party

• Created by a merger of the Herut party and the
  Liberal Party
• A political party in Israel
• Centre/ right winged party
• Founded 1973
• Won its 1st election 1977(First time left winged
  party lost)
• Liberal/ capitalist/ conservative
• Wanted to reduce taxes
• Ariel Sharon from this party started the
  disengagement plan
• Current leader of the party Benjamin Netanyahu

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The Disengagement Plan

• The Israeli evacuation of the Gaza Strip and the
  West Bank
• Includes military evacuation
• Only part not evacuated by military Philadelphi
  Route (border between Egypt and Israel
• Israel builds anti-terrorist security fence
• Israel controls borders/ all air space
• Will destroy Israeli buildings
• Feb. 16 final version of plan passed
• 884 million U.S. dollars given to pay for
  relocation of 9,000 jews living in gaza strip and
  west bank
• Israelis didnt want to leave (protested)
• Chance for a Palestinian country

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Israeli Security Fence

• Also known as the Israeli West Bank barrier
• Purpose of construction is to stop Palestinian
  terrorists from harming Israelis
• Construction began in 2002, and is still
  unfinished (3/4 completed) , projected finish
  date is sometime in 2010
• The length is 670 kilometers (420 miles)
• The wall consists of a concrete base and has a
  height of 8 meters
• It is located mainly within the West Bank, partly
  along the 1949 Armistice line, or "Green Line"
  between Israel and Jordan

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Israeli Security Fence

• The wall has cause much controversy with the
  Israeli and Palestinian people
• Hundreds of Palestinian farmers and traders are
  cut off from their land
• Two similar barriers, the Israeli Gaza Strip
  barrier and the Israeli-built 40-foot (12 m) wall
  separating Gaza from Egypt
• Israeli people heavily favor the construction of
  the wall
• Palestinians believe the wall will cause reduced
  freedoms, reduction of Israeli checkpoint and
  closures, loss of land, increased difficulty in
  accessing medical services in Israel, restricted
  access to water sources, change in political
  tactics and strategy, and economic effects.

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Hezbollah
Location Locations are southern Beirut, southern
Lebanon, and Bekaa Valley
Leader Hasan Nasrallah

• By Alex Wiley

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Anti-Western and anti-Israeli
One terrorist act was 1985 hijacking of TWA
flight 847
The End
Four Main Ways of Operating Against Israel 1
Bringing terrorists and collaborators through the
border using foreign documents 2 Setting up a
terrorist organization inside Israel and Judea,
Samaria and the Gaza Strip 3 Cross-border
operations- smuggling weapons and terrorists 4
Financial support for Palestinian organizations
and groups
Dedicated to liberating Jerusalem and eliminating
Israel
Began establishing base in Lebanon in 1982
Declared themselves the Party of God
Founding statement has a section called The
Necessity for the Destruction of Israel
Founded after military seizure of Lebanon in 1982
Want the removal of all non-Islamic influences
from the area
Imad Fayez Mugniyah is the terrorism planner
Base is in Lebanons Shiite dominate areas
Groups highest governing body, Majilis al-Shura,
is led by Secretary General Hasan Nasrallah
Has been a major weapon supplier for Hamas
July 2006 raid on a order post kidnapping two
Israeli soldiers
Receives aid from Iran and Syria
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Facts on Hamas

• THEY ARE
• Terrorist Group
• Palestinian Militant Movement
• Current Leader-
• Mahmoud Al-Zahar
• In late 1987s founded by
• Sheikh Ahmed Yassin
• Mohammed Taha
• Hamas in Arabic Zeal or fighting spirit

• Where they attack-
• Palestinian Territories
• West Bank
• Gaza Strip
• Israel
• Goals
• Combine Palestinian Nationalism with Islamic
  Fundamentalism
• Destruction of Israel
• Want to create an Islamic State in West Bank and
  Gaza Strip
• Beliefs
• Peace talks will do no good
• We do not believe we can live with the enemy.

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• Bad Things about them-
• Killed more than 500 people in 350 terrorist
  attacks since 1993
• Bombed buses, streets, buildings
• Attacks civilians
• Have wings devoted to these activities
• Religious
• Military
• Political
• Security

• Good Things about them- (they are not only a
  terrorist group)
• They fund
• Schools,
• orphanages,
• mosques,
• healthcare clinics,
• soup kitchens
• sports leagues

Picture shows teaching young children Hamas ways
Map shows Hamas fire rockets on Gaza