???????????? ???? ??? ??? (The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises)

1
???????????? ???? ??? ??? (The OECD Guidelines
for Multinational Enterprises)
2
??? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? (What are
the OECD Guidelines for Multinational
Enterprises?)

• ???????????? ???????????? ???, ??????????? ?? ???
  ? ????????? ??????? (Recommendations by
  governments to MNEs operating in or from the
  following countries)
• 30 ?????-?????? ????, ?????????, ????????, ????,
  ???????, ?????, ???????? ? ??????? (the 30 OECD
  countries, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Estonia,
  Lithuania, Slovenia and Israel)
• ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????
  (Apply to corporate activities worldwide)

3
??????-????? ???? (OECD member countries)

• ????????? (Australia) ????? (Korea)
• ??????? (Austria) ?????????? (Luxembourg)
• ??????? (Belgium) ??????? (Mexico)
• ?????? (Canada) ?????????? (Netherlands)
• ????? (the Czech Republic) ????? ???????? (New
  Zealand)
• ????? (Denmark) ???????? (Norway)
• ????????? (Finland) ?????? (Poland)
• ??????? (France) ?????????? (Portugal)
• ???????? (Germany) ???????? (the Slovak
  Republic)
• ?????? (Greece) ??????? (Spain)
• ??????? (Hungary) ?????? (Sweden)
• ???????? (Iceland) ????????? (Switzerland)
• ???????? (Ireland) ?????? (Turkey)
• ?????? (Italy) ?????????????? (the United
  Kingdom)
• ?????? (Japan) ??? (the United States)

4
??? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? (What are
the OECD Guidelines for Multinational
Enterprises?)

• ?????????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? , ?? ? ??
  ??????????? (Not legally binding, but not
  voluntary either)
• ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????
  ???????????? ?????????? ???? (???) ??? ???????
  ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????
  ?????????? ??? (Governments are legally obliged
  to set up National Contact Points (NCPs) to deal
  with specific problems regarding the Guidelines
  in individual MNEs)

5
?????????? ???????????? (The contents of the
Guidelines)

• I ????????? ? ???????? (Concepts and Principles)
• II ????? ???????? (General Policies)
• III ?????????????? ?????????? (Disclosure of
  Information)
• IV ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????????
  (Employment and Industrial Relations)
• V ???????? (Environment)
• VI ?????? ?? ??????????????? (Combating Bribery)
• VII ???????? ???????????? (Consumer Interests)
• VIII ????? ? ?????????? (Science and Technology)
• IX ??????????? (Competition)
• X ??????????????? (Taxation)

6
I ????????? ? ???????? (Concepts and Principles)

• 3. ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????
  ???????????? ?? ?????????. (A precise definition
  of multinational enterprises is not required for
  the purposes of the Guidelines.)
• ()
• ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????
  ??? (???????? ???????? ?/??? ?? ????????? ??
  ??????). (The Guidelines are addressed to all the
  entities within the multinational enterprise
  (parent company and/or local entities).)

7
II ????? ???????? (General Policies)

• 2. ????????? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ???,
  ???? ??????????? ?? ????????????, ? ????????????
  ? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???
  ?????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????????. (Respect
  the human rights of those affected by their
  activities consistent with the host governments
  international obligations and commitments.)

8
II ????? ???????? (General Policies)

• 4. ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????,
  ? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???
  ??????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????????
  ???????? ??????????. (Encourage human capital
  formation, in particular by creating employment
  opportunities and facilitating training
  opportunities for employees.)

9
II ????? ???????? (General Policies)

• 10. ????????, ??? ??? ????????, ???????
  ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ? ??????????????,
  ? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????,
  ????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????.
  (Encourage, where practicable, business partners,
  including suppliers and subcontractors, to apply
  principles of corporate conduct compatible with
  the Guidelines.)

10
III ?????????????? ?????????? (Disclosure)

• ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????,
  ?????????????, ??????????? ? ??????????
  ?????????? ? ????????????, ?????????, ??????????
  ????????? ? ??????????? (Ensure that timely,
  regular, reliable and relevant information is
  disclosed regarding activities, structure,
  financial situation and performance)
• ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???
  ?????????? ???????, ?????????????, ???????????
  ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????,
  ????????, ?????????? ??????? (Apply high quality
  standards for disclosure, accounting, audit and
  for non-financial information such as social
  reporting)

11
IV ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????????
(Employment and Industrial Relations)

• ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ????? ????????
  ????????? (Covers all Core Labour Standards)
• ?????????????? ????????? ? ????????????
  ?????????????? ?????????? (Provide facilities to
  employee representatives)
• ???????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ????? ??
  ????? ???????????? (Ensure occupational health
  and safety in their operations)
• ???????? ??????? ????? ? ????????????
  ???????????????? ???????? (Employ local personnel
  and provide training)

12
IV ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????????
(Employment and Industrial Relations)

• 6. ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????????,
  ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????
  ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????????
  ? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?
  ??????????????? ?????????? ? ????????????????
  ???????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????
  ???????? ????????????? ???????????. (In
  considering changes in their operations which
  would have major effects upon the livelihood of
  their employees. provide reasonable notice of
  such changes co-operate with the employee
  representatives and appropriate governmental
  authorities so as to mitigate to the maximum
  extent practicable adverse effects.)

13
IV ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????????????? ?????????
(Employment and Industrial Relations)

• 7. .??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??
  ??????????? ? ????????, ?? ???????? ?????????
  ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?
  ????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??
  ??????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? (while
  employees are exercising a right to organise, not
  threaten to transfer the whole or part of an
  operating unit from the country concerned nor
  transfer employees from the enterprises
  component entities in other countries)

14
V ???????? (Environment)

• ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????
  ???-??-??????? ? ???????? ??? 21 (Reflects the
  principles and objectives in the Rio Declaration
  in Agenda 21)
• ???????? ????????? ?? ???????????
  ??????-??????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??
  ????????????? ??????? ? ???????????? (Includes
  provisions on education and training for workers
  on environmental health and safety)

15
VI ?????? ?? ??????????????? (Combating Bribery)

• ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???
  ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? ????????????
  ?????? (Not give or demand a bribe or make
  illegal contributions to political parties)
• ???????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????
  ?? ????????? ??????????, ??????????????
  ?????????????? (Enhance transparency, and
  management control systems that discourage
  bribery)

16
VII ???????? ???????????? (Consumer Interests)

• ????????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????????? ?
  ??????? ??? ??????? (Provide accurate and clear
  information regarding goods or services)
• ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????
  ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????????
  (Apply transparent procedures to address consumer
  complaints and to resolve consumer disputes)

17
????? VIII-X (Chapter VIII-X)

• VIII ????? ? ?????????? (Science and Technology)
• ??????? ???????? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ?
  ??????????????? ?????????? ? ???-??? ? ???????,
  ??? ??? ????? ??????????? (Adopt practices that
  permit transfer and diffusion of technologies and
  know-how in the countries where they operate)
• IX ??????????? (Competition)
• ?????????????? ?? ????? ????-????????????
  ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?
  ??????????? ??????? ????????? (Refrain from
  anti-competitive activities like fixed prices and
  output restrictions)
• X ??????????????? (Taxation)
• ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?
  ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????
  (Comply with tax laws and regulation and provide
  information to authorities)

18
???????????? ??????? (Background)

• ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ? 1976
  ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??
  ????????????? ( The Guidelines were first
  approved 1976 a reaction to the excessive
  influence by MNEs over governments)
• ?????????? ? ??? ? ?????????? ????????????
  ??????? ??????????? (Negotiations in the UN over
  a binding code failed)
• ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????
  ????????? ? ?????? 10 ??? ????? ???????? (Several
  cases on the Guidelines were resolved during the
  first 10 years after their adoption)

19
???????????? ??????? (Background)

• ???????????? ???????????????? ? 1979, 1982, 1984
  ? 1991 (The Guidelines were revised in 1979,
  1982, 1984 and 1991)
• ? ???????? 1980-? ???????????? ?????? ?????????,
  ? ??? ????????? ???????????? (Political climate
  changed in the mid-1980s and they fell into
  disuse)
• ?????? ??? ? ??, ??? ????????????? ?????????
  ????? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ? ????? 1990-?
  ??????? ? ????????????? ???????? ? ?????????????
  (The failure of MAI and the fact that corporate
  conduct was again on the agenda in the end of the
  1990s led to renewed interest in the Guidelines)

20
????????? ???????????? ? 1998-2000 (The review of
the Guidelines 1998-2000)

• ?????????? ??? ????????????? ? ???????????,
  ???????? ??????? ? ??? (Took place in
  consultation with trade unions, business and
  NGOs)
• ?????? ? ????????? ?????????? (Resulted in major
  improvements)
• - ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????
  ??? (global applicability of the Guidelines)
• - ?????????? ??????? ???????? (reference to the
  supply chain)
• - ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????
  (stronger language on human rights)

21
????????? ???????????? ? 1998-2000 (The review of
the Guidelines 1998-2000)

• - ??? ????? ????? ? ?????????????? ? ?????????
  ???????????? (two new chapters on bribery and
  consumer interests)
• - ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ? (reinforced
  chapter on environment and)
• - ???????? ????????? ?????????? (enhanced
  implementation procedures)

22
?????????? (Implementation)

• ? ???? 2000 ????? ???? ?????, ??? ??????
  ??????????? ?????? ?????? (The OECD Council
  decided in June 2000 that every adhering country
  shall)
• ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? (???) ???
  ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? (Set up a
  National Contact Point (NCP) to promote and
  implement the Guidelines)
• ?????????, ???????????? ? ???? ????????????????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ? ???????
  ??? (Trade unions, business and other interested
  parties shall be informed of the availability of
  the NCP)
• ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?
  ????? ???????????? (NCPs shall meet annually and
  report on their activities)

23
?????????? (Implementation)

• ?????????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??
  ??????? ????????? (NCPs are expected to work by
  four principles)
• ????????????? (Visibility)
• ??????????? (Accessibility)
• ???????????? (Transparency)
• ?????????? (Accountability)

24
???????????? ???????????? ????????? (Procedural
Guidance)

• A ?????????????? ????????? (Institutional
  Arrangements)
• ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ??-??????? (????-,
  ???????????????? ??? ????????????????? ?????)
  (NCPs can be organised differently (tripartite,
  quadripartite or government office))
• ??? ?????? ????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?
  ???????????????? ??????????, ??????? ? ??? (NCPs
  shall develop and maintain relations with
  representatives of trade unions, business and
  NGOs)

25
???????????? ???????????? ????????? (Procedural
Guidance)

• ? ?????????? ? ?????????? (B Information and
  Promotion)
• ??? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ?
  ?????????????, ??????? ?????????????? ? ???
  ????????????? ?????????? (NCPs are responsible
  for raising awareness of the Guidelines including
  informing prospective investors of them)
• ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????????
  (NCPs shall respond to enquiries about the
  Guidelines)

26
???????????? ???????????? ????????? (Procedural
Guidance)

• ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????? (C
  Implementation in Specific Instances)
• ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ???????????
  ?? ????????????? ? ????????? ????????? (NCPs
  shall try to resolve issues that arise concerning
  the Guidelines in individual companies)
• ??? ???? ??? ?????? (In doing that, NCPs will)
• - ???????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????
  ???????????? ? ???? ????? ????????, ?????????
  ??? (assess whether the case raised merits
  further examination and respond to the parties
  raising it)

27
???????????? ???????????? ????????? (Procedural
Guidance)

• - ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????
  ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????????
  (offer a forum for discussion and assist the
  parties involved to deal with the issue in an
  efficient and timely manner)
• - ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? (offer
  conciliation and mediation)
• - ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??????????, ??????
  ????????????? ? ???? ???????????? (if the
  parties do not reach an agreement, issue a
  statement and make recommendations)

28
???????????? ???????????? ????????? (Procedural
Guidance)

• - ????????? ?????????????????? ? (maintain
  confidentiality of the proceedings and)
• - ??????????? ?????????? ???????? (make publicly
  available the results of the procedures)
• ? ?????????? (D Reporting)
• ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????
  ?????? (NCPs shall report annually on their
  activities)

29
??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????????
????? (How do you raise a case with a National
Contact Point?)

• 1. ????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?/???
  ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? (Contact
  national trade union centre and/or global union
  federation to discuss how to proceed)
• 2. ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????
  ??????????? (??? ???? ? ???????????? ?????????
  ??????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? (Inform other
  relevant trade union organisations (TUAC and the
  national centre in the country where the company
  is based))
• 3. ?????? ???? ? ???????????????(??) ??? (Submit
  the case to the pertinent NCP(s))

30

• ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????????
• (A submission to a NCP should include)
• ?????? ???????? ???? (Accurate description of the
  case)
• ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????, ??????????
  ??????????, ??? ????????? ????-????????,
  ????????????? ???????????? ? ?.?. (Basic facts
  about the company name and contact details, where
  it is headquartered, responsible manager etc)
• ?????(??) ????????(?) ???????? ???????? (Which
  paragraph(s) the company is/are in breach of)

31

• ???????????? ???????? ???, ????????, ????????
  ??????? ???? ?????? (Suggested action for the NCP
  to take, eg to convene a meeting with the parties
  involved)
• ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????
  ???????????? (Attachment of any supportive
  evidence)