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Georgia and the American Experience

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Title: Georgia and the American Experience


1
Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4 1477-1752 Settlement of the Thirteenth
Colony
Part 2
Study Presentation
2
Georgia and the American Experience
Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia Section
4 Building a New Home
3
Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia
  • ESSENTIAL QUESTION
  • Why was the Georgia colony founded?

4
Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia
  • What words do I need to know?
  • trustee
  • charter
  • regulations

5
Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia
  • What people do I need to know?
  • James Edward Oglethorpe
  • Robert Castell
  • Dr. Thomas Bray
  • King George II
  • Chief Tomochichi

6
Section 3 The Colonization of Georgia
  • What places do I need to know?
  • Yamacraw Bluff
  • Savannah

7
Georgia Becomes a Colony
  • James Edward Oglethorpe and 20 other influential
    men in Great Britain made a plan to create a
    colony for the working poor. They envisioned a
    colony for people who faced jail time for bad
    debts.
  • In 1732, King George II created a charter
    allowing 21 Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to
    create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21
    years. It included the land between the Savannah
    and Altamaha rivers and extended west to the
    Pacific Ocean.
  • Oglethorpe promised that silk, dyes, wine,
    spices, and semi-tropical fruit would be sent
    from Georgia back to England.

8
King George II Monarchs believed that they ruled
by divine right. This is the belief that one is
chosen by God to rule.
9
The First Georgia Colonists
  • Few debtors, former prisoners, or working poor
    ever made it to Georgia during its early
    settlement.
  • Georgias first settlers were given land, tools,
    and food. They promised to defend the colony
    from invaders and to grow trees that would
    attract silk worms.
  • About 120 settlers sailed form England on the
    ship Ann in 1732. Oglethorpe befriended
    Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians.
  • Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff
    overlooking the Savannah River. This became the
    first settlement of the new Georgia colony.

10
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11
Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
12
Savannah Georgias Planned City
  • Oglethorpe, surveyor Noble Jones, and Colonel
    William Bull designed the city of Savannah and
    built along the Savannah River to facilitate
    shipping.
  • The city was laid out in wards, Oglethorpes
    building blocks for Savannah. The center of
    each ward was a public square for social,
    political, and religious gatherings.
  • All but three of Oglethorpe's original squares
    exist in Savannah today. The fourth has been
    reclaimed and includes underground parking for
    several hundred cars.
  • Today, nearly 150,000 people live in Savannah.

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16
Row houses are found on tithing lots.
Most of the downtown mansions are located on
trust lots.
17
Oglethorpe Monument in Chippewa Square tells the
story of GAs founding.
18
Tomochichis Rock, Wright Square
19
Section 4 Building a New Home
  • ESSENTIAL QUESTION
  • In what ways did Georgia expand and succeed as a
    colony?

20
Section 4 Building a New Home
  • What words do I need to know?
  • artisan
  • militia

21
Section 4 Building a New Home
  • What people do I need to know?
  • Dr. Samuel Nunis
  • John Martin Bolzius
  • John Charles Wesley
  • William Stephens

22
Section 4 Building a New Home
  • What places do I need to know?
  • Ebenezer
  • New Ebenezer
  • Frederica

23
New Colonists Arrive in Georgia
  • Catholics were not allowed to settle in Georgia
    under the charter signed by King George II.
  • Forty original settlers died in the first year.
    In 1733, 42 Jews were allowed to settle in
    Georgia, including a much-needed doctor, Samuel
    Nunis.
  • In 1733, a group of German protestants from
    Salzburg arrived and settled a town called
    Ebenezer, about 25 miles from Savannah. Three
    years later they moved to Red Bluff and settled
    New Ebenezer.
  • Oglethorpe and Chief Tomochichi returned from a
    trip to England in 1736 with 300 more settlers,
    including German protestants from Salzburg and
    Saxony. Religious leaders John and Charles Wesley
    also arrived in Georgia.

24
Tomochichi visited England with Oglethorpe and
was presented to King George II.
25
Plan for the town of Ebenezer.
26
Ebenezer is the site of Jerusalem Church, the
oldest standing church in GA, and the Salzburger
Museum.
27
Georgias Colonists Become Discontent
  • Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow
    rum trade, buying large tracts of land, or use of
    slave labor.
  • South Carolina used slave labor to successfully
    grow rice, tobacco, and cotton on large
    plantations. Farmers in Georgia wanted the same
    success that South Carolina farmers had.
  • Many Georgians moved to places in the colony
    where they basically could live as they wished.
  • By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell
    rum. Slavery was introduced in 1750. The colony
    named for King George II was changing.

28
Hampton Plantation, a rice plantation located in
South Carolina.
29
Rice fields were very dangerous places. Hazards
included disease-carrying insects, back-breaking
labor, and dangerous animals.
30
Slaves on a rice plantation.
31
The War Against Spain
  • The War of Jenkins Ear broke out between Great
    Britain and Spain in 1739. Oglethorpe organized
    an army of about 2,000 men with plans to capture
    Spanish forts in Florida. Spain responded and
    forced the Georgians, South Carolinians, and
    their Indian allies to retreat to St. Simons
    Island.
  • The Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742 caused the
    Spanish to flee Georgia, marking the end to
    Spanish threats. Georgias southern border was
    protected.
  • Oglethorpe left the Georgia colony for England in
    1743 and never returned.

32
Scottish Highlanders at the Battle of Bloody
Marsh. Oglethorpes victory here ended Spanish
ambitions in GA.
Highlanders Barracks, Ft. Frederica
33
The Post-Oglethorpe Era Begins
  • Three different men served as president of the
    Georgia colony from the time Oglethorpe left the
    colony until 1754 William Stephens, Henry
    Parker, and Patrick Graham.
  • In 1752, one year before the initial 21-year
    charter was to expire, the trustees returned
    Georgia to the authority of King Georgia II.
  • In its first 20 years as a colony, Georgias
    population grew to 5,500 people, of which
    one-third were slaves. Protestants from Europe
    found safe haven in Georgia.
  • Treaties with Native Americans and victory over
    the Spanish settlers in Florida provided security
    to the Georgia colonists.

34
Early Georgia Colony Accomplishments
  • The Bethesda Orphans Home was established in
    Ebenezer.
  • The orphanage later became Bethesda House School,
    where many of Georgias early leaders were
    educated.
  • The Methodist Church was founded by John and
    Charles Wesley.
  • The first Sunday School in America was
    established by the Wesley brothers.
  • A successful court system was established and
    maintained.
  • Women were able to inherit property.

35
Bethesda was largely funded by speculation in
slaves.
George Whitfield
John and Charles Wesley
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