Chapter 12 Motivation pt. 2: Sexual Motivation, Belongingness, and Achievement Motivation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 12 Motivation pt. 2: Sexual Motivation, Belongingness, and Achievement Motivation

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Chapter 12 Motivation pt. 2: Sexual Motivation, Belongingness, and Achievement Motivation Alfred Kinsey Considered the father of the study of human sexuality for ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 12 Motivation pt. 2: Sexual Motivation, Belongingness, and Achievement Motivation


1
Chapter 12 Motivation pt. 2 Sexual Motivation,
Belongingness, and Achievement Motivation
2
Alfred Kinsey
  • Considered the father of the study of human
    sexuality for conducting his studies in the
    1940s.
  • Studies showed that there were wide variations in
    normal sexual practices of individuals and that
    premarital sex was commonplace.

3
Criticism of Kinseys Studies
  • 18,000 people
  • 1940s-1950s
  • Sample was unrepresentative
  • Well educated whites
  • Misleading questions

4
Sexual Response Cycle
  • Following Kinseys studies, scientists looked to
    identify typical sexual reactions among
    volunteers in the 1960s.
  • Master and Johnson filmed and identified the
    sexual response cycle refers to the four stages
    of sexual response
  • 1. Excitement
  • 2. Plateau
  • 3. Orgasm
  • 4. Resolution

5
Sexual Response Cycle
  • 1. Excitement blood flows to the genital areas
    causing both sexes genitals to enlarge.
  • 2. Plateau peak of the excitement phase
    breathing increases penal and vaginal secretions
    increase.
  • 3. Orgasm ejaculation in the male and vaginal
    contractions in the female.
  • 4. Resolution phase body returns to unaroused
    state. In males, enter refractory period
    resting period where they cannot have another
    orgasm.

6
Hormones and Sexual Behavior
  • Certain hormones help activate sexual fertility,
    putting animals in heat.
  • Females become sexually receptive when estrogen
    (sex hormone greater in females) peaks during
    ovulation.
  • Testosterone levels also effect sex drive in both
    males and females.
  • Hormones are monitored by Hypothalamus.

7
Effect of External Stimuli on Sexual Motivation
  • Studies have shown that both males and females
    are both aroused by seeing, hearing, or reading
    erotic material.
  • Some psychologists have argued that sexual
    explicit materials can have negative effects.
    How?

8
Sexual Disorders
  • Sexual Disorders a problem that consistently
    impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
  • In Men
  • Premature Ejaculation ejaculation before they
    or their partners wish.
  • Impotence inability to maintain an erection.
  • In Women
  • Orgasmic Disorder infrequent or never
    experiencing an orgasm.

9
Cultural Norms Also Have Strong Impact on Sexual
Behavior
10
Teen Pregnancy
  • 1. Ignorance
  • 2. Guilt related to sexual arousal/behavior
  • 3. Minimal communication about birth control
  • 4. Alcohol
  • 5. Mass media acceptance of unprotected sex
    http//www.youtube.com/watch?vRFvRAGs9sSUsafety_
    modetruepersist_safety_mode1safeactive

11
Sexual Orientation
  • Sexual Orientation an enduring sexual
    attraction toward members of either ones own
    gender (homosexual orientation) or the other
    gender (heterosexual orientation)

12
Possible Causes of Homosexuality?
  • Have found brain differences between heterosexual
    men and homosexual men and women. Hard to get at
    causation.
  • Identical twin brothers, 52 both will be gay.
    Genes not everything.
  • Prenatal exposure to certain hormones.
  • Most psychologists believe that nature more than
    nurture influences sexual orientation but the
    answer has not been completely solved.

13
Changing Attitudes towards Homosexuality
  • People who believe homosexuality to be biological
    tend to be more accepting.

14
Belongingness Motivation
  • Idea that humans do not live as islands are
    motivated to connect to others.
  • Aids Survival
  • Creates Relationships.

15
Achievement Motivation
  • Achievement Motivation desire to accomplish
    things and attaining a high standard.
  • 2 Types of Achievement Motivation
  • Intrinsic Motivation performing task for its
    own sake.
  • Extrinsic Motivation performing task because of
    you will receive rewards or punishments.

16
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic
17
The Art of Motivating People
  • Industrial Psychology subfield of psychology
    that studies workplace behavior. Looks to
    understand how to boost productivity and morale.
  • Personnel Psychology
  • Organizational psychology

18
Leadership Styles 2 Types
  • Task Leadership focuses on goals of
    organization (the tasks at hand).
  • Social Leadership group oriented leadership
    focused on relationship building. Teamwork and
    mediation of conflict.

19
Leadership Theories
  • Theory X assumes that workers are stupid, error
    prone, and extrinsically motivated. Need to be
    directed from above.
  • Theory Y assumes that workers are motivated to
    achieve self esteem and should be challenged and
    given freedom.
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