HOWDY AGS!

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HOWDY AGS!

• Welcome to KINE 426!
• Exercise Biomechanics
• 4 hour lecture/lab class
• 3 contact hrs in lecture
• 3 contact hrs in laboratory

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KINE 426 Team

• Dr. John Lawler - lecture instructor
• Jeff Hord, Jackie Perticone laboratory
  assistants you will conduct experiments!
• John Lawler - support
• Exercise Biomechanics
• old class name Kinesiology

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Kinesiology The Science of Movement

• Kinein to move
• Logos to discourse or study in a scientific
  manner
• Used today Division, Departments, broad field

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KINE 426

• Exercise Biomechanics
• Performance
• - techniques
• Exercise for Rehabilitation,
• Health, Fitness

Usain Bolt
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Exercise BiomechanicsIntegrative, Applied Science

• Exercise Biomechanics application of mechanics
  to musculoskeletal system during exercise

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KINE 426

• Exercise Biomechanics
• Integrative, applied, pragmatic science
• Merging
• - anatomy, physiology, mechanics
• 3 prerequisites for class
• - sports medicine
• branch of orthopedics sports-related
  injuries

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KINE 426

• Exercise Biomechanics
• Exercise for Health
• Reduce risk of chronic diseases
• Type II diabetes, obesity, heart disease,
  hypertension, cancer, Alzheimers
• We have the genes of hunter gatherers
• - engineered for activity to procure food

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KINE 426

• Exercise Biomechanics
• Exercise for Health
• Reduce risk of chronic diseases
• Type II diabetes, obesity, heart disease,
  hypertension, cancer, Alzheimers
• Exercise modifies specific proteins
• Ex. NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase,
• brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

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KINE 426 How to Score a great Grade!

• Bee Prepared!
• - Read presentations, text, and lab materials
  before class!
• Take Notes during class
• (re)Commit to memory formulae, standard units,
  muscle anatomy
• Study Nightly (Dont Cram!)
• Prepare for each laboratory!
• Ask Content questions!
• Practice, Practice, Practice!

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KINE 426 How to Score a great Grade!

• Bee Prepared!
• Bee Positive, Professional, Persistent, and
  Passionate
• (the 4 Ps!)

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Its all about You

Summer 2010 31 As, 62 Bs, 7 Cs
Diligence!
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Exercise Biomechanics

• Represents the human body as a mechanical system
  or machine
• Involves the application of physics and
  engineering principles during analysis of
  locomotion (walking, running, etc.), exercise,
  athletic activities, and rehabilitation (PT, OT,
  cardiac rehab.)
• Young discipline --gt Technology
• Computer-equipment interface, cell molecular
  biology

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Course Content and Design

• Based on a description and set of standards
  proposed by the American Alliance of Physical
  Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) in
  1991
• Course Description An integrative, mechanistic
  study of the biomechanics human motion during
  physical activity and exercise biology and
  mechanical properties of the human movement
  system including bones, tendons, ligaments,
  cartilage, skeletal muscle, joints, and other
  whole body mechanisms are investigated.

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Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure

• A. Whole Body Biomechanics
• Muscular anatomy
• Anatomical, linear, angular reference systems
• Applying mechanics exercise
• Kinematics (velocity, acceleration)
• Kinetics (force, torque, power)
• Exercise Applications
• Performance techniques
• Injury prevention, Rehabilitation
• Use, design of exercise, sports equipment
• Applications to daily living
• Health
• Workplace design (Ergonomics)

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Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure

• B. Tissue Biomechanics - components
• Bones
• Tendons
• Ligaments
• Cartilage
• Injury prevention, Rehabilitation

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The Human Mechanical System(Human Movement
System)

• Skeletal muscle - driving force power
• Connective tissue
• Bones
• Tendons
• Ligaments
• Cartilage
• Fascia - skeletal muscle
• Guidance system - receptors (ex. muscle spindles)
• Processors (brain, spinal cord, motorneurons)

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Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure

• C. Skeletal Muscle Joint Biomechanics
• Generation of force, velocity, power
• TORQUE _at_ joints
• Running
• Back injuries
• Weight training machine design

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Exercise Biomechanics

• Young discipline --gt Technology
• Classic mechanical, engineering concepts cool
  tools
• Computer-equipment interface, cell molecular
  biology
• Digital Video
• Laboratory
• - Research

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Exercise Biomechanics

• Young discipline --gt Technology hands-on

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Exercise Biomechanics

• Young discipline --gt Technology hands-on

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Using Exercise Biomechanics

• Optimizing performance, health benefits of
  exercise
• Minimizing chronic disease risk, physical
  fitness, brain development/preservation
• Doing our best in athletic events
• Playing safe
• Pre-hab preparing connective tissues, muscle
• Re-hab promoting recovery after injury

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Applications (whats in it for me?) Teacher
Certification

• Understanding the capabilities and limitations of
  students
• Developing age-appropriate activities
• Developing activities which are fun, safe, and of
  benefit to student health

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Applications Wellness/Fitness

• Understanding the health maintenance and
  rehabilitative processes in
• Adult fitness
• Qualified personnel
• (ACSM certification)
• National Strength Conditioning Association,
  KINE degree

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Applications Applied Basic Exercise
Physiology, Motor Learning

• Understanding the health maintenance and
  rehabilitative processes in
• Athletic training
• Triage of sports injuries
• Rehab
• Conditioning

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Applications Applied Basic Exercise
Physiology, Motor Learning

• Understanding the health maintenance and
  rehabilitative processes in
• Cardiac Rehabilitation
• Disease Prevention

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Applications Applied Basic Exercise
Physiology, Motor Learning

• Understanding the health maintenance and
  rehabilitative processes in
• Physical Therapy
• Rehab after surgery
• Orthopedic injury

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Applications Applied Basic Exercise
Physiology, Motor Learning

• Understanding the health maintenance and
  rehabilitative processes in
• Occupational Therapy
• Relearning tasks of daily living

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Applications Applied Basic Exercise
Physiology, Motor Learning

• Understanding the health maintenance and
  rehabilitative processes in
• Medicine
• Diagnosing sprain severity
• ACL graft surgery
• Prosthetics
• Arthritis

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Applications Applied Basic Exercise
Physiology, Motor Learning

• Understanding the health maintenance and
  rehabilitative processes in
• Nursing
• Recovery from
• Orthopedic surgery

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Applications Outdoor Education/Recreation

• Knowing the physical limitations of human
  performance in outdoor recreation
• Understanding the technical aspects of equipment
  use and design

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Applications Applied Basic Exercise
Physiology, Motor Learning

• Graduate School
• Research
• Aging
• Osteoporosis
• Parkinsons
• Exercise
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Diabetes
• Cardiovascular disease
• Obesity
• Muscular dystrophy
• Spaceflight
• http//hlknweb.tamu.edu
• http//redox.tamu.edu

KINE 485, 491 Internships Work Study
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Integrative, problem solving approach to Exercise
Biomechanics
Your mind should be a place where you work
things out, not store a bunch of stuff.-
Albert Einstein

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Get on Board!

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Get on Board!

Things move fast in the Summer!
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Lets Jump into Biomechanics!

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Integration of Disciplines --gt Exercise
Biomechanics

• Anatomy the study of body structure and
  function
• Gross (whole body) anatomy
• Cellular anatomy
• Physiology study of the integrated function of
  cells, tissues, and organ systems
• Mechanics branch of physics which studies
  forces and their effects on mechanical structures

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Integration of Disciplines --gt --gt Exercise
Biomechanics

• Statics - branch of mechanics dealing with
  systems in a constant state of motion
• Dynamics - branch of mechanics dealing with
  systems subject to acceleration
• Biomechanics Application of mechanical
  principles in the study of living organisms and
  their function

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ANATOMY
PHYSIOLOGY
MECHANICS
BIOMECHANICS
SPORTS MEDICINE
EXERCISE BIOMECHANICS
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(No Transcript)
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Problem solving - Complexity of Human Movement

• In order to understand the basics, we will use
  the underlying principle of the human body as a
  mechanical machine.

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• Human-made Machine
• Wears out with use
• Must replace damaged parts with new ones
• Designed for a limited number of purposes
• IBM Deep Blue vs
• Garry Kasparov (1997)
• 2-1-3

• Human Machine
• May improve with use
• Can repair itself (within limits ex. torn
  ligament)
• Joint sprain
• Muscle soreness
• tendonitis
• Capable of learning (diversity of purposes)

Andrea Zambrano
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Problem Solving - Critical Thinking in
Biomechanics Asking how?

• How do forces produced by muscles create movement
  at the joints?
• How are running shoes designed to reduce injury
  and improve running performance?
• How does joint cartilage act as a shock absorber?
• How does genetics play a role in muscle power?
• How do we design prosthetics (ex. artificial
  knee) to optimize function?

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Critical Thinking in Biomechanics Asking How?

• How?

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Critical Thinking in Biomechanics Asking why,
how ?

• How do muscle forces create torque at joints
• The ability to produce rotation
• Kinetics causal analysis of movement

Fm
joint
torque
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Critical Thinking in Biomechanics Asking how,
why ?

• Why are rotator cuff injuries common in swimming
  and in baseball/softball?
• Why does a curve ball curve?
• Why do joint sprains often take so long to heal?
• Why are bone fractures common in the elderly?
• Critical thinking is an important part of
  biomechanical analysis

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Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge
w/ Todays Tech

• Aristotle (382 322 BC)
• Student of Plato
• Founded own school (lyceum)
• Wrote extensively on philosophy, politics, logic,
  natural sciences, and physics
• Much of his complete works were lost
• Pictured the human body as a machine muscles
  cause an action which moves the bones at the
  joints

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Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge
w/ Todays Tech

• Leonardo DaVinci (1452 1519)
• Artist
• Mona Lisa, Last Supper
• Scientist
• Anatomist (one of the first scientists to make a
  detailed record of human dissections)
• Detailed descriptions of design of skeleton
• Illustrated muscle origins and insertions

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Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge
w/ Todays Tech

• Sir Isaac Newton (1643 1727)
• Developed basic Laws of Motion
• Invented calculus
• Developed the theory of gravity which was held
  until updated by Einsteins theories
• Founder of the Royal Academy of Sciences
• Despite his contributions to science, Newtons
  primary investigations were into Biblical text

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Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge
w/ Todays Tech

• Thomas Alva Edison
• (from Menlo Park, NJ)
• 1093 inventions including
• the electric light bulb, voice transmitter
  (amplifier), answering machine, and phonograph
• Invented motion pictures in 1888
• He used a roll of film called a kinetoscope
• Quote from Edison Genius is 1 inspiration and
  99 perspiration.

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Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge
w/ Todays Tech

• Computers
• transistor (1940s - common by 60s)
• microcomputers
• 1960s NASA
• 1970s research
• 1980s public - Apple, IBM, Compaq, Dell, etc.

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Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge
w/ Todays Tech

• Digital Video
• 1990s
• Equipment
• DV cameras
• DVRs
• Easy to interface with computer, video

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Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge
w/ Todays Tech

• Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity
  as a science
• Principles - many are quite old and applied by
  Engineers for machines - Engineering approach to
  mechanics of the human body
• Technology
• Film analysis Digital video analysis
• Interfacing with computers
• Tools of cellular and molecular biology

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Technology Biomechanics

• Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity
  as a science

Biomaterials - hydrogels
Gait analysis
http//www.datlof.com/8Axamal/docs/Marketing/jhu/J
E/index.htm
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Technology Biomechanics

• Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity
  as a science

Orthoscopic surgery
Rehabilitation
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Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem
Solving

• Orthopedic Surgeons and Engineers
• http//www.nisss.org/publications.html
• Design of artificial hips and knees (prosthetics)
• Design of support devices (knee braces, etc.)
• Synthetic and natural replacements for structural
  tissues (cartilage replacement)

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Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem
Solving

• Physiologists and Engineers
• EXAMPLES
• Response of bone and connective tissue
  (ligaments, tendons) to exercise training, rehab

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Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem
Solving

• Space Scientists (NASA)
• EXAMPLES
• Adaptation to low gravity environments
• Bone loss
• Atrophy of skeletal muscle
• Loss of blood volume, CV function
• Orthostatic intolerance (fainting)

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Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem
Solving

• Exercise Biomechanists and Engineers
• EXAMPLES
• Design of running shoes
• Design of exercise equipment (Nautilus and Cybex
  equipment, etc.)
• Design of competitive sportswear, protective gear
• Football pads and helmets
• Low friction swimming, cycling, and running wear

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Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem
Solvers

• Giants of Whole Body Biomechanics
• Peter Cavanagh -
• Penn State University (1970s -
• Today U. of Washington
• NSBRI, NASA
• Biomechanics of athletic and orthopedic shoewear
• gt worked with Nike in the 70s, 80s
• gt Runners World articles
• gt concepts of cushioning (shock absorption)
• gt elastic recoil (bounce) in shoes

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Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem
Solvers

• Early Giants of Tissue Biomechanics
• Charlie Tipton - Exercise Physiologist (1960s -
  90s)
• University of Iowa
• Effect of Exercise on bone and connective tissue
  biomechanics and chemistry
• Arthur Vailas - student

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Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem
Solvers

• Early Giants of Tissue Biomechanics
• Savio Woo -
• Biomedical Engineer (1970s - 80s)
• UCSD, UPitt
• Effect of exercise (increased forces/mechanical
  stress) and immobilization (decreased mechanical.
  stress) on connective tissue
• Revolutionized Sports Injury Therapeutics!
• Lifetime Achievement - ACSM