Title: FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES Carlos Sousa AGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of Almada
1FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLESCarlos
SousaAGENEAL, Local Energy Management Agency of
Almada
2SUMMARY
- Workings of a Fuel Cell
- Production, transport and storage of Hydrogen
- Some proposal from the manufacturers
3WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
4WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
5WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
6WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
Example 2 x 100 cells ( 40 cm x 40 cm) ? 2 x
(100 x 0.7) x (40 x 40 x 0.375) 2 x (70 V x 640
A) 84 kW (114 CV)
7WORKINGS OF A FUEL CELL
8Fuel Cell for a passengers bus,MAN
9CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
- Cost
- 400 /kW (7 x price of a conventional engine)
- Complete Cell 20 000,00 (engine 3 000,00)
- Reliability
- Response to transient regimens
- Problems with low temperatures (below 0 ºC)
- H2 contamination
- Vehicle Adaptation
- Needs Hydrogen (production, transport and
storage)!!
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12PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
- 1. Industrial Production
- electrolysis of water? Natural gas? Oil refinery?
- Renewable sources
- Distribution network? (does not exist!)
- Cost, Investments
- Safety and social acceptance
13PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
- 2. Decentralized Production (at the filling
station) - From what? (electrolysis of water? Natural gas?
Other) - Cost of the equipment
- Safety and social acceptance
14PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
- Regardless of the place of production (filling
station or industrial plant) - Filling system
- Security
- Filling time
15PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
- Storage on board
- Compressed gas _at_ 300 bar? (very low density)
- Liquid at 253 ºC? (high evaporation, low
density) - Solid matrix? (weight/volume ratio)
16PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF H2
- 3. Onboard production with a reformer
- From natural gas, methanol, ethanol?
- Petrol?
- Problems
- System efficiency
- Cost
- Technology
- Emissions Does not solve the Carbon Problem
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18- Opel Hydrogen 1
- Liquid H2 (75 Litres 5 kg H2)
- Stack with 200 cells (59/27/50 cm)
- - 150 200 V 90 kW/ 122 CV
- - 68 kg
- Auxiliary Batery
- Weight 1575 kg
- 0-100 km/h 16 s
- Max. Speed 140 km/h
- Range 400 km
19DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS - CUTE
- Clean Urban Transport for Europe, CUTE
- Demonstration project to test and evaluate the
operational performance of Hydrogen buses for
public transport - 10 European cities (Barcelona, Madrid, London,
Hamburg, Luxemburg, Estocolmo, Amsterdam,
Stutgart, Stockholm, Porto) - 3 Daimler-Chrysler buses per city
- Different methods for Hydrogen production(Renewab
les - hydropower, natural gas, refinery) - Evaluation of costs, infrastructure, life
cycle,emissions, etc.
20Thank you for your attention!