The Cold War Era of confrontation and competition between United States and Soviet Union from 1949

1
The Cold WarEra of confrontation and
competition betweenUnited States and Soviet
Union from 1949 1990.

• Ch 21
• Petterson

2

• Opposing Points of View
• Soviet
• After being invaded by Germany twice they want to
  prevent future attacks
• Superiority of Communism
• Spread of Communism
• U.S.
• Economic growth is key to maintaining postwar
  peace
• Democracy free market enterprise would
  contribute to peace prosperity.

3
Yalta Conference Feb. 1945

• Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin plan the postwar
  world.
• Declaration of Liberated Europe declaring right
  of all people to choose their government (vote).
• Germany divided into 4 zones Britain, U.S.,
  France Soviet Union controlled
• Roosevelt Reparations would be paid to allied
  countries with trade goods and products instead
  of cash.
• Poland liberated from Germany, new government is
  set up by Stalin.
• Soviets break the Declaration of Liberated Europe
  when Romania is pressured by USSR to install a
  Communist gov. 2 wks after Yalta Conf.

4
Potsdam Conference July 1945

• Truman Stalin meet to work out problems with
  Germany.
• US Goal to save Germanys economy so it would
  not turn communist.
• Soviet Goal to get for reparations, keep
  Germany weak.
• Stalin gets small amount of German industrial
  equipment from the British, French, and U.S.
  zones.
• Truman accepts the new German Polish border
  established by USSR.

5

• Postwar Tension
• U.S. and Soviet tension only increases at the end
  of WWII with Yalta and Potsdam.
• Soviets refuse to uphold Declaration of Liberated
  Europe.
• Satellite Nations - pro-communist governments
  with ties to USSR in Poland , Romania, Bulgaria,
  Hungary and Czechoslovakia.later the Balkans
• Iron Curtain used to describe the separation
  between Communist nations of Eastern Europe and
  democratic nations of the west.

6

• The Century 1945 - 1952 Best Years
• Post WWII / Cold War
• U.S. Goal
• List 3 5 examples from the video that
  illustrate the U.S. attempt to further this goal.
  
• Soviet Goal
• List 2 3 examples from the video that
  illustrate the Soviet attempt to further this
  goal.

7
Cold War The Early Years

• Containment the policy of keeping Communism
  within its present territory through the use of
  diplomatic, economic, and military actions.
• George Kennan diplomat with the American
  Embassy in Moscow.
• Communism had economic and political weaknesses
  and if the U.S. could keep Soviets from
  increasing their power, eventually the Soviets
  system would fall apart.

8
Europe

• Marshall Plan - George C. Marshall, Sec. Of State
• American aid to Europe so they can rebuild their
  economy food, machinery, supplies.
• Help Europe avoid communism.
• Open new markets for trade.

German Zones of Occupation
9
The Berlin Crisis

• Germany was considered independent, but was not
  allowed to have its own military.
• Federal Republic of Germany (1948) U.S.,
  Britain France combine their occupation zones.
  West Germany
• German Democratic Republic Soviet occupied
  East Germany.

10

• Soviet Blockade
• USSR felt they would never get the reparations it
  wanted from the FRG, so they retaliated by
  cutting off all road and rail traffic to West
  Berlin.
• U.S. challenge is to keep West Berlin alive
  without provoking war with USSR.
• For 11 months cargo planes airlifted supplies to
  Berliners 2 million tons.
• Stalin lifted blockade on May 12, 1949, American
  determination proves victorious.

11

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  Mutual defense alliance.
• U.S. and 11 other European countries
• Prompted the creation of the Warsaw Pact among
  Eastern European countries when West Germany was
  allowed to build a military and join NATO.

12
Asia

• Peoples Republic of China 1949
• Communists led by Mao Zedong defeat Chiang
  Kai-sheks Nationalist Party after WWII.
• America and the U.N. maintain formal connections
  to Nationalists (Democratic) who flee to
  Taiwan.
• Soviet Union China (Communist) sign alliance
  treaty in 1950, after Soviets test their first
  Atom Bomb.

13

• North South Korea divided along 38th parallel
  after WWII
• U.S. controlled South Democratic (ROK).
• Soviets controlled North Korea Communist (NKPA)
  - giving them military aid to set up a huge army
  which then invaded South Korea in1950.

14

• U.S. gets to test the containment policy
• after invasion of South Korea.
• MacArthur leads troops in South Korea
• Inchon Landing invasion successful in pushing
  North Koreans back across 38th parallel and
  almost to the border of china.
• China joins the war sending huge numbers of
  Chinese troops into Korea.
• MacArthur demands that Truman expand the war into
  china (A-bomb) and is fired for insubordination.
• Truman is commander in chief and will use the
  policy of limited war to fight small objective
  such as containing communism.

15

• General Matthew Ridgeway fights limited war
  (small objectives) with 38 parallel dividing
  North and South.
• Negotiations for peace begin in 1951 but are not
  signed until July 1953.
• 8 Million casualties overall.
• More than 33,600 Americans died in action
• Over 2,600 die from disease/accidents.
• 7,000 POWs, more than 2,700 died.

16

• Impact of Korean War - turning point
• U.S. starts to use military action (instead of
  political economic) to contain communism.
• Military build-up begins in U.S.
• Increased military involvement in Asia.
• U.S. signs military agreements with Japan South
  Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Australia.
• Begin aiding French forces in Vietnam.