Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Clean Fossil Energy Opportunities: CO2 Capture and Storage

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Clean Energy and Sustainable DevelopmentClean
Fossil Energy OpportunitiesCO2 Capture and
Storage
Energy Week 2006 The World Bank Group
Dr. Jacek Podkanski International Energy
Agency jacek.podkanski_at_iea.org
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What is CO2 capture storage?

• Capturing CO2 from the gas streams emitted during
  electricity production, industrial processes or
  fuel processing
• Transporting the captured CO2 by pipeline or in
  tankers
• Storing CO2 underground in deep saline aquifers,
  depleted oil and gas reservoirs or unminable coal
  seams

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Global CO2 emissions
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Emission stabilisationMarginal CO2 abatement cost
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Capture at various CO2 prices
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CO2 capture by process area
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CO2 emissions from electricity generation
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Electricity production by power plants fitted
with CCS, by region
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Fuel market implicationsCCS impact on coal use
at 50/t CO2
CCS impact
2050 50/t CO2 results in 80 or 40 decline in
coal use, depending on availability of CCS
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Challenges

• RDD gaps
• Public awareness and acceptance
• Legal and regulatory framework
• Long-term policy framework and
• incentives

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Carbon Capture StorageResearch, Development,
Demonstration and Deployment

• US
• EU
• Canada
• Australia
• Germany
• UK
• Norway
• France
• Italy
• Japan,

• Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
• International Energy Agency
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
• World Energy Council
• Bilateral Agreements,

National Programs
International Collaboration

• Alstom ExxonMobil
• BP EniTecnologie SpA
• ChevronTexaco
• EPRI Shell International
• RWE AG Total
• Rio Tinto, Schlumberger,

Industry
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Programme Members
18 Member Countries 13 Industrial Sponsors
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Japanese Vision - Development for 21st Century
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Japanese Roadmap Development Starting Point
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Japanese C3 Initiative toward ZET Coal Utilisation
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Japanese RD Programme

• IGCC Demonstration Project
• Demonstration of 250 MW IGCC (based on oxygen
  enriched air blown gasifier) to be operational by
  2007
• Target efficiency (LHV basis) 48
• Energy Application for Gas, Liquid and
  Electricity (EAGLE) Programme
• Target to deploy 50 MWe IGFC by 2010 (for
  distributed electricity)
• Target to deploy 600 MWe IGFC by 2020
• Oxy-Combustion Development
• International cooperation with Australia
• Hyper-Coal Project (Ultra Clean Coal Project)
• International cooperation with Australia
• Target to produce coal processed to remove ash
  and other undesirable components which will be
  fired directly in a turbine.

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Australia Coal21 Action Plan
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Australian RD Programme

• Oxy-Combustion Development
• Japanese-Australian cooperation
• Pilot Scale study for PC Boiler Retrofit (25 MWe)
  Callide A Project
• IGCC Demonstration Plant Programme
• Demonstration of IGCC with carbon capture
  programme
• Pilot plant study (16 MW and 65 MW)
• 200 MW will be commissioned at Stanwell Power
  Station by 2010 - depending on the outcome of the
  feasibility study
• IDGCC for brown coal
• Target to commission 800 MWe IDGCC by 2010
• 100 MW IDGCC demonstration project is currently
  at site selection and costing stage. Decision to
  proceed will be made by mid-2006
• Ultra Clean Coal Development Programme
• International cooperation with the Japanese
  (Hyper Coal Project)
• A relationship was developed with the Chinese
  power utilities

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USA Roadmap Development Principle

• Short-term keep existing fleet in service
  prepare for transition to near-zero-emission
  future
• SO2, NOx, Hg
• Plant optimization and control
• Reduced carbon intensity
• Long-term add near-zero emission energy plants
• IGCCs to market
• Advanced materials
• Ultra-high efficiency hybrid systems
• CO2 capture and storage

Rev. 071404
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USA Roadmap Development

• Global Climate Change Initiative
• set a target of 18 GHG emission intensity
  reduction by 2012 (baseline year 2001)
• Future Gen Integrated Sequestration and
  Hydrogen Research Initiative
• US 1 Billion 10 year programme
• Target to demonstration a 275MW polygeneration
  plant by 2015
• Turbine of the Future Programme
• Development of Gas Turbine firing with H2 rich
  fuel

Rev. 071404
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USA Overview of the FutureGen Programme
Fuel Cells
Carbon Sequestration
Gasification with Cleanup Separation
System Integration
Optimized Turbines
H2 Production
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USA Roadmap Development

• Clean Coal Technology
• Clean Coal Power Initiative (2001 2011)
• US 2 Billion over 10 years
• Power Plant Improvement Initiative (2001)
• Focus on efficiency improvement and emission
  reduction
• VISION 21 Programme 21st Century Power Plant
• Material Development Programme
• Development of boiler material to achieve
  operating steam temperature greater than 750oC

Rev. 071404
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Vision 21 Programme - Strategy
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(No Transcript)
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German COORETEC Programme
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UK CAT Options are complementary
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EC CO2 Capture and Storage RD Policy
A Priority in Long Term Energy RD in FP6
(2002-2006)

• Capture and sequestration of CO2, associated with
  cleaner fossil fuel plants.
• Targets reduce the cost of CO2 capture from
  50-60 to 20-30 per tonne of CO2 captured,
  whilst aiming at achieving capture rates above
  90, and assess the reliability and long term
  stability of sequestration.

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Components of FP7

• Continued focus on Carbon Capture and Storage
• Re-introduction of Clean Coal Technology in
  recognition of the drive for greater efficiency
  whilst CCS is developed and deployed
• Technology Platform to advise on strategy and
  direction of these two elements

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European Based RD Programme

• CCS Projects
• Enhanced Capture of CO2 in Large Power Plant
  (ENCAP) Project FP6 funded project
• CO2 from Capture and Storage (CASTOR) FP6
  funded project dealing with post-combustion
  capture
• ISCC (In-situ CO2 Capture Technology for Solid
  Fuel Gasification) FP6 funded project
• Vattenfall taking the initiative 30 MW pilot
  plant study
• Polygeneration of Hydrogen and Electricity
• HYPOGEN Project
• Material Development Programme
• Component Test Facility for a 700oC Power Plant
  (COMTES700) RFCS funded project continuation
  of AD700 programme

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International Energy AgencyWorking Party on
Fossil Fuels and IEA Clean Coal CentreG8 Plan
of Action Cleaner Fossil Fuels
Global database with complete information on
efficiency of fossil-based electricity
generation Report on best practices in power
plant operation Series of case studies on
recently constructed plants
Report on potential of upgrades and
replacement Report on potential of future
developments Global conference and three
regional workshops
Joint effort of IEA and IEA Clean Coal Centre in
collaboration with the World Bank, European
Commission, World Energy Council, VGB, EOn
Focus on Russia and Five Developing Countries
Final Report to the G8 in mid-2008 WB/IFIs
Review of deliverables
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International Energy AgencyWorking Party on
Fossil Fuels and IEA GHG RD ProgrammeG8 Plan
of Action Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

• Workshop on Early CCS Opportunities CO2 Enhanced
  Oil Recovery, CO2 Separation from Natural Gas
• organised jointly by the IEAs WPFF and Oil and
  Gas Advisory Group, Chevron, US Energy
  Association, IEA GHG RD Programme and EOR RD
• San Francisco, 22-23 August 2006
• gathering of professionals from industry and
  research institutions information exchange,
  preparation of dissemination and popularization
  conference
• follow-up publication
• conferences to disseminate information and
  popularise early opportunities (2007).

Coordination with the CSLF Involvement of
developing countries
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International Energy AgencyWorking Party on
Fossil Fuels and IEA GHG RD Programme G8 Plan
of Action Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

• Study on capture ready plant
• Engineering and cost study on capture ready plant
  (GHG RD Programme, on going subcontracting
  process)
• Report on policy instruments and incentives for
  capture ready plant (IEA Secretariat)
• Dissemination efforts

Coordination with the CSLF Involvement of
developing countries
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Long-term policy framework andincentives

• In addition to the acceleration of RDD funding,
  countries should create a level-playing field for
  CCS alongside other climate change mitigation
  technologies. This includes ensuring that various
  climate change mitigation instruments, including
  market-oriented trading schemes, are adapted to
  include CCS.

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Conclusions

• CCS can play a key role in addressing global
  warming
• mainly through coal plants in coal-rich regions
  but efficiency first
• but also some natural gas opportunities
• Carbon incentives are needed, but also
• Proven technology too early to pick up winning
  technology
• Acceptable storage
• Capture ready plant ?

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jacek.podkanski_at_iea.org
Thank you