RENAISSANCE A REBIRTH OF LEARNING IN EUROPE

1
RENAISSANCEAREBIRTH OF LEARNINGINEUROPE
2
The word renaissance is a French word which means
rebirth
3
During the Dark Ages, there was no time for
interest in art and literature. People were too
busy trying to stay alive
4
During the Middle Ages, most art, drama, and
serious writing was about religion.
5
The Renaissance brought a rebirth of interest in
art, learning, and exploration of all sorts.
6
The Renaissance is considered to have started in
Italy. The dates in England are 1485-1660
7
One of the starting points for the Renaissance
was the rediscovery of ancient Greek literature
that had been lost for centuries.
8
A way of thinking called humanism was also part
of the Renaissance.
9
Humanism emphasized the to make peoples lives
better on earth, instead of just telling them
things would be better in heaven.
10
Humanists also tried to reconcile classical
literature and the Bible
11
Two famous humanists were Sir Thomas More and
Erasmus.
12
Sir Thomas More
13
Erasmus
14
More was eventually beheaded for opposing King
Henry VIII
15
The biggest change for art and drama was that the
subject no longer had to be religion.
16
Artists now tried to make humans looked realistic.
17
One example is Michelangelo
18
Many of his sculptures are amazingly realistic
19
MichelangelosMoses
20
He is probably best known for painting the
ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
21
(No Transcript)
22
Another famous Italian artist is Leonardo da Vinci
23
Leonardo Da VincisMona Lisa
24
The Renaissance would not have happened if not
for one invention in the middle of the 1400s.
What do you think it was?
25
Yes, of course. I am talking about the printing
press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg.
26
Suddenly, people could afford books, and literacy
rates increased.
27
The King James translation of the Bible into
English was authorized in 1611, and of course
printed on the new printing press.
28
Many important discoveries were also made in
science during the Renaissance
29
For example, in 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus
published the theory that the earth went around
the sun, instead of the other way around.
30
Copernicus
31
In 1609, Galileo became the first astronomer to
study the heavens with a telescope.
32
Galileo
33
In England, politics and religion were mixed
together in a crazy kind of stew.
34
The biggest player in this story is King Henry
VIII
35
King Henry VIII
36
More than anything else, Henry wanted a son, to
be the heir to the throne
37
His first wife was named Catherine of Aragon.
38
Her parents were King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain.
39
Catherine of Aragon
40
Catherine only had one child survive to
adulthood, a daughter named Mary Tudor.
41
Mary Tudor
42
Henry obviously needed a new wife, but the
Catholic Church did not permit divorce.
43
Henry decided to try to get an annulment, but for
this he needed the permission of the Pope.
44
Do you know what the difference is between a
divorce and an annulment?
45
A divorce ends an existing marriage
46
An annulment states that no legitimate marriage
ever existed
47
Henry claimed his marriage was not legal because
Catherine had been previously married to his
brother Arthur.
48
(No Transcript)
49
The Pope denied Henrys request.
50
Henry finally broke England away from the
Catholic Church
51
He made himself head of the Church of England,
and granted himself a divorce
52
What did he need now?
53
That right! A new wife! And he already had one
picked out!
54
His 2nd wife was named Anne Boleyn
55
Anne Boleyn
56
Annes happiness did not last long, because she
had a daughter and miscarried a son.
57
The daughters name was Elizabeth
58
Henry decided to get rid of Anne by accusing her
of a terrible crime
59
He accused her of having an affair with her
brother George
60
He had George tortured until he confessed, the
used this evidence against Anne
61
Anne was beheaded in the Tower of London
62
Once again, Henry needed a new wife
63
Henrys 3rd wife was named Jane Seymour
64
Jane Seymour
65
She gave birth to a son named Edward, but died
shortly of complications from childbirth
66
Henrys 4th wife was a German woman named Anne of
Cleaves
67
Anne of Cleves
68
He divorced her because he found her unattractive
69
Henrys 5th wife was named Catherine Howard
70
Katherine Howard
71
She was caught in an affair with a man named
Thomas Culpepper, and was beheaded.
72
Henry sixth and last wife was named Catherine Parr
73
Catherine Parr
74
She outlived him.
75
After Henrys death, his son Edward became king,
but died soon after.
76
Edward VI
77
After Edwards death, his sister Mary became
Queen.
78
Her attempt to return England to the Catholic
Church earned her the nickname Bloody Mary.
79
After Marys death, her sister Elizabeth became
Queen.
80
She also had a nickname, which was The Virgin
Queen, because she never married.
81
(No Transcript)
82
(No Transcript)
83
(No Transcript)
84
(No Transcript)
85
(No Transcript)
86
(No Transcript)
87
Elizabeth ruled for forty-four years.
88
She was an extremely intelligent and
strong-willed person.
89
She even had her own cousin, Mary Stuart,
beheaded for trying to overthrow her.
90
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots
91
During Elizabeths reign, England also began to
replace Spain as the most powerful nation in the
world
92
The key event in this process was the English
navys defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
93
(No Transcript)
94
When Elizabeth died in 1603, she was followed by
her cousin, who became King James I
95
James I
96
An important religious movement also began at
this time, called the Protestant Reformation
97
Christian denominations other than the Catholic
Church began to develop.
98
One of the most important people in this movement
was a German monk named Martin Luther.
99
(No Transcript)
100
In 1517, Luther nailed 95 theses, or statements
against the Catholic Church, to the door of a
church in Wittenberg, Germany
101
Luther was soon excommunicated by the Pope
102
He wasnt arrested because he was protected by
powerful local rulers in Germany
103
His ideas led to the development of the Lutheran
Church
104
The Puritans were also an important group of
early Protestants
105
(No Transcript)
106
(No Transcript)
107
(No Transcript)
108
The Puritans wanted to purify religion of
anything that resembled the Catholic Church
109
Eventually, the Puritans gained control of
Parliament in England
110
A Civil War began between Parliament and King
Charles I
111
Parliament and the Puritans won, and Charles I
was beheaded
112
A Puritan leader named Oliver Cromwell became
ruler of England
113
(No Transcript)
114
Bonus

• The most important Jewish character in
  Renaissance literature is named Shylock

115
He appears inTheMerchant of Venice, by
Shakespeare