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Emerging Trends In Technical Education- Future Challenges

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Emerging Trends In Technical Education- Future Challenges St. Vincent Palloti College of Engineering and Technology Nagpur 24 th July 2005 Prof. M. U. Deshpande – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Emerging Trends In Technical Education- Future Challenges


1
Emerging Trends In TechnicalEducation- Future
Challenges
  • St. Vincent Palloti College of Engineering and
    Technology
  • Nagpur
  • 24 th July 2005
  • Prof. M. U. Deshpande
  • Kanwal Rekhi School of Information Technology
  • Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

2
Greatest Achievements 20th Century
  • Electrification
  • Automobile
  • Airplane
  • Water Supply
  • Electronics
  • Radio TV
  • Agriculture Mechanization
  • Computers
  • Telephone
  • Air conditioner Refrigeration
  • Highways
  • Spacecraft
  • Internet
  • Imaging
  • Household Appliances
  • Health Technology
  • Petroleum/Petrochemicals
  • Laser Fibre Optics
  • Nuclear Technology
  • High performance materials

3
Global Higher Education
  • Trillion Dollar today
  • MIT alone has annual budget of 1 Billion
    Tutgers 1.5 Billion
  • Growing fast thanks to knowledge economy
  • Major US Institutions opening up campuses around
    the world (may even be in India after 2005)
  • Australia with laser sharp focus is reaping the
    benefits in India China
  • Interesting numbers 65,000 Indian students to
    USA, 65,000 to rest of the world (2002) with
    30K per student is 3 Billion dollars of lost
    opportunity

4
Indian Higher Education
  • A million students in engineering alone
  • Except a handful of Institutions many do not have
    a mind share and naturally no market share
  • Public Private partnership is the viable model
  • Too much central control makes them not play the
    card well not striving towards excellence
    output control lacking but full of input
    control many weak institutions are not allowed
    to die we need to grow still not a single
    world-scale Institution

5
Opportunities for Indian Higher Education
  • Can be guru to the world worlds education
    hub teaching back office
  • Software industry success trio (QQE) applies
    to higher education too
  • Need to act quickly
  • At least start with IT Education extend to
    others (software industry started with core
    software today extends to ITES, Design,
    Publishing, Medicine .)

6
Technical Education
  • Key Societal Enabler
  • Able and Competent Human Resource crucial
    National Asset
  • Prime Factor of Production in Modern Economy
  • Quality pre requisite for global
    competition/massive expansion/fast changing needs
    scenario

7
Quality Assessment Initiatives
  • Relative Recent Phenomenon
  • Origin in Mass Manufacturing of Consumer goods
  • Minimum Variance (SPC)
  • Least defects
  • Customer perception/expectation
  • CONFORMANCE ADAPTABILITY INNOVATION

8
Can Quality be Quantified?
  • Excites strong emotions
  • Subjectivity Objectivity
  • Measurements importance
  • Sensory perceptions
  • Sight/Sound/Taste/Touch/Smell/IQ-EQ
  • Issue is consistency and reliability amenability
    to mass application.

9
Globally Used Quality Indices for Academic
Institutions
  • Staff Student Ratio
  • Pass Ratio
  • Endowments
  • Laboratories
  • Faculty Quality etc.
  • Depth of course work
  • Applications/Seat
  • Alumni Achievements
  • Library/BW
  • Reputation/Placement
  • RD Papers/Patents

10
Good Features of Quality Systems
  • Assessment Multidimensional several measurable
    aspects
  • Achievements Of majority faculty students
  • Indices Per capita not of aggregate groups or
    cumulative
  • Outcome Indicators Student learning added
    competence
  • VALIDATION BY USERS / PEERS

11
Dales Cone of Experience
People Generally Remember
People are able to (Learning Outcomes)
Read
10 of what they read
Define Describe List Explain
20 of what they hear
Hear
View Images
30 of what they see
  • Demonstrate
  • Apply
  • Practice

Watch Videos
Visit Exhibit/Sites
50 of what they hear and see
Watch a Demonstration
70 of what they say and write
  • Analyze
  • Design
  • Create
  • Evaluate

Design Collaborative Lesson
Participate in Hands-on Activity
90 of what They say as They do a thing
Simulate, Model or Experience
Design/perform a Presentation Do the real thing
12
Establishing New Learning EnvironmentsTraditional
--- Incorporating --- New Environment
New Strategies
  • Teacher-centered instruction ? Learner centered
    environments
  • Single sense stimulation ? Multisensory
    stimulation
  • Single path progression ? Multipath progression
  • Single Media ? Multimedia
  • Isolated Work ? Collaborative work
  • Information Delivery ? Information exchange
  • Passive learning ? Active/exploratory/inquiry
    based learning
  • Factual/literal thinking ? Critical thinking,
    informed decision making
  • Reactive response ? Proactive/planned action
  • Isolated, artificial context ? authentic, real
    world context

13
Teaching Learning Process
  • Synergy of
  • Faculty
  • - Students
  • - Infrastructure
  • - DEP / Institution
  • NBA Focus on Process
  • Academic calendar
  • Syllabi Delivery
  • Evaluation Systems
  • Info access
  • Enablers of faculty/student initiatives

14
Student Quality
  • Number of application/seat
  • Diverse background
  • Time to complete degree
  • Quality of practical training/Projects
  • Placement and Initial Salaries
  • No taking GATE / PG Courses
  • Alumni reputation/entrepreneurs
  • Foreign students

15
Faculty Quality Indicators
  • Number of applications/position
  • Publications, awards, patents
  • Sponsored projects/consultancy
  • Retention/turnover
  • Teaching Quality Innovations
  • Public service
  • Industry Exposures
  • Career satisfaction levels

16
Institutional Quality
  1. Strategic Planning
  2. Interaction with Industry/Govt.
  3. Resource Mobilization for better facilities
  4. RD and Training programs held
  5. Interdisciplinary Initiatives
  6. Perceived reputation
  7. Student acceptability in Global Market

17
Technology Status
  • Support services for catering to large student
    groups
  • Faculty and student access to World knowledge and
    Best Practices
  • Service to society through Faculty expertise,
    Annual reports
  • Active well maintained public image through
    Website and Links
  • Quality practices in house ISO/Six Sigma

18
Teaching Process Fundamental
  • Classroom dynamics
  • Processes and services to promote
  • Student Comprehension
  • Recall
  • Critical Thinking
  • Imaging Import /systems
  • - Documentation
  • - Graphics
  • - Graphing
  • - Multimedia
  • ICT Technologies
  • Better Education
  • Cost Effective
  • Value adding for average student

19
Technology in Teaching Learning
  • Integration widely desired but difficult without
    pervasive preparation.
  • Ownership by faculty/students/managements.
  • Only few enthusiastic individuals will not ensure
    sustainability.

20
3 Keys to Technology Planning Management
  • Encourage and train faculty critical mass
  • Support student productivity learning
    efficiency
  • Technology integrated curriculum

21
Directions of Organized Education
  • Engineering courses to move towards
  • Course-credit / modular structure
  • Elective in senior years
  • Broad base to courses rather than narrow
    specialization
  • Emphasis on hands-on practical work
  • Developing personality enterprise

22
Student Awareness Rucksack
  • Team working requirements
  • Communication interpersonal skills
  • Standards unified/International EURO/ISO/SI/TQM
  • Personal Management
  • Change
  • Flexibility Adaptability
  • Ability to work any time/place/site
  • Life long learning
  • Plan develop execute career trajectory

23
Holistic Engineering Practice
  • Systems thinking
  • Inductive, integrative life cycle management
  • Critical thinking (extension of knowledge)
  • Learning to do good
  • Sustainable/appropriate/safe designs process
  • Innovation coupled to world market place
  • Political/environment/human issues with technical

24
Paradigms in Laboratory Work in Engineering
Education
  • Basic Nature and Purpose
  • What should change
  • What should remain
  • Benchmarks
  • Human and Financial Resources
  • For instruction and assessment
  • For certification testing and RD
  • Management Structures

25
Quality and Cost Concerns
  • Huge expansion of Technical Education
  • Lab provisions grossly inadequate
  • Misleading assessment in Practical marks
  • Expensive equipments and need for duplication
  • Cost centers/no resource generation
  • Staff low quality high cost

26
Nature and Purpose of Lab Work
  • Essential Scaffolding to evolving learning
    structure
  • Reinforcement of Theory concepts
  • Awareness of Modeling the Abstract
  • To affirm on cause-effect relationship
  • Skill in measurements of physical variables

27
Measurements in Science Technology
  • Lord Kelvin When you can measure what you are
    speaking about and express it in numbers, you
    know something,
  • McNamara Fallacy We tend to give too much
    importance to what is measurable rather than
    trying to measure the important

28
Laboratory Provision in Engineering Curriculum
  • International Accreditation Criteria, ABET
  • Graduate to demonstrate ability
  • To design and construct experiment
  • Use tools of modern Engineering for Engineering
    practice

29
Categories of Lab Work
  • Curriculum support (UG)
  • Analytical Instrumentation
  • For exploration in state of Art Technologies
  • Research Lab for work in leading edge
    technologies
  • Testing, calibration, maintenance
  • To ensure reliability and sustainability

30
Difficulties in Implementation
  • Large number of students and batches
  • Batch size 15-20
  • Two supervisors
  • Ensuring Learning / avoidance of harm
  • Insistence of daytime learning
  • Time table management difficult

31
Opportunities in Third Party Testing
  • Testing of components, products systems
  • Conformance to standards / calibration
  • Laboratory accreditation NABL
  • Professional management qualified staff
  • Quality assurance systems in Lab

32
Use of Technology in Lab Work
  • Audio video clips of working experiments
    commentary by Faculty
  • Software simulation
  • But context of Real World needs to be brought out
  • Safety and harm avoidance aspects
  • Database of standards / best practices

33
Accreditation Abroad (contd.)
  • ECPD ? ABET 1980 for Engineering programs.
    Computer Science Accreditation Board 1984
  • CSAB merged in ABET 2001
  • Engineering council in UK, IEE / ICE, ImechE.

34
Accreditation Abroad
  • Education Accreditation more than a century old
  • Oldest accreditation of Engineering program U.S.
    1932 ECPD
  • Accredited qualification as Prerequisite of
    Professional License to practice. Hence
    controlled by professional societies.

35
Washington Accord
  • Accreditation Agencies of Developed World
    agreement for recognition of accredited program
    in respective countries for License to
    Professional Practice
  • Original Six
  • USA, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, Newzeland
  • Now added RSA, Hongkong
  • Provisional Signatory Status
  • Japan, Singapore, Germany, Malaysia
  • India applicant - Team visiting January 2005

36
Washington Accord (Contd.)
  • Only UG Degree programs covered
  • Ready acceptance of respective countrys
  • academic requirements for entry to practice of
    profession of Engineering.
  • Covers Quality Assurance of online and web based
    instruction and programs Imported/exported .

37
GATE Global Alliance for Transnational
Education - 1996
  • Private Multinational Industry Initiative
    looking for qualified manpower from developing
    countries.
  • Originally founded by Jones International, joined
    later by Coca cola, Ericsson etc.
  • Center for Quality Assurance in International
    Education Washington DC

38
Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students
  • Ability to apply knowledge of Maths, Science and
    Engineering
  • Ability to design and conduct expert and analyze
    and interpret data
  • Ability to design a system component or process
    to meet desired needs

39
Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students
(contd.)
  • Additionals from 2005 onwards
  • Broad general education to understand impact of
    Engineering solutions on society and globe
  • Life long learning ability
  • Knowledge of contemporary issues
  • Ability to use technics, skills and modern
    engineering tools for engineering practice.

40
Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students
(contd.)
  • Additionals from 2005 onwards
  • Ability to function on multi disc team
  • Ability to identify, formulate and solve
    engineering problems
  • Understanding a professional and ethical
    responsibilities
  • Ability to communicate effectively

41
Sample ABET Outcome for Engineering Students
(contd.)
  • Program to possess assessment process with
    documented results.
  • Also evidence that these results are used to
    further develop and improve the program.

42
Boundaryless Careers
  • Globalization and Economic restructuring
  • Traditional concepts of career affected
  • How to survive without job for life
  • No roadmap to guide firms fortune and employee
    status or place in society
  • No stable organizational occupational
    structures
  • Personal initiative and mutual cooperation
  • Agency and communion manage own arrangements of
    working with others.

43
Silicon Valley
  • Boundarylessness Key advantage
  • Individualistic open labour market
  • Dynamic Industry demanding
  • Constant innovation
  • Needs knowledge sharing. Delicate balance sharing
    between cooperation and competition
  • Hewlet of HP If you want to succeed here you
    must be willing to change jobs often
  • talk to your competitors
  • Take risk, even if it leads to failure

44
Boundaryless Careers
  • Employees identify with their profession and not
    their companies.
  • Job changing norms Average 2-3 years
  • 35 turn over
  • A colleague Customer
  • Boss Subordinate
  • Respect and authority through competence
  • Technical excellence and market share highest
    regards successful entrepreneurs
  • Key to success Continuous learning through
    relationships

45
Silicon Valley
  • Collective actions
  • Mutual interest
  • Intellectual curiosity
  • Problem solving leading to
  • Developing
  • New Markets
  • New Technologies
  • Products/applications
  • People rub shoulders/share ideas
  • Social interaction replaces hierarchy central
    planning

46
  • Thank you.
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