Psychodynamic Approach - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Psychodynamic Approach

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Basic Assumptions and Distinguishing Features Basic Assumptions Behaviour is determined by unconscious mental processes. Early childhood experiences are important in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Psychodynamic Approach


1
Psychodynamic Approach
  • Basic Assumptions and Distinguishing Features

2
Basic Assumptions
  • Behaviour is determined by unconscious mental
    processes.
  • Early childhood experiences are important in the
    development of the adult personality.
  • Childhood development, up to teenage years, takes
    place through psychosexual stages.

3
  • The personality has three components id, ego
    and superego.
  • The ego uses defence mechanisms to protect itself
    from harm and from unpleasant thoughts.
  • Psychoanalysis as a therapy can uncover
    unconscious thoughts, particularly through the
    analysis of dreams.

4
  • The typical method of research is through
    individual case studies, which are then used to
    make generalisations about our mental life. The
    focus of case studies has been on people
    suffering from a variety of mental disorders,
    rather than on normal, well adjusted people.
  • Early childhood experiences, especially those
    between birth and three years of age, are of
    vital importance for mental functioning as an
    adult.

5
The role of the unconscious
  • It is a reservoir for disturbing memories from
    childhood that are kept from consciousness in
    order to allow the adult to function in their
    everyday life.
  • It is a reservoir for biological instincts and
    drives, which largely result from the sex
    instinct, many of which would be distributing to
    the individual if they were to become conscious.

6
Psychosexual stages
  • Freud claimed that the development took place
    through five main psychosexual stages.
  • Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
  • These stages are the result of two basic
    instincts, the sex instinct (life instinct) and
    the death instinct (aggressive instinct).

7
  • Freud likened the sex instinct to a basic desire
    for pleasure, and the psychosexual stages relate
    to different areas of the body that give pleasure
    or gratification to the child.
  • Normal development for the child is to pass
    through one stage and on to the next one.
    However, some children get stuck or fixated at
    a particular stage, and this has consequences for
    the adult personality and behaviour.
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