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Social Work and Reflective Communication

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Social Work and Reflective Communication Basic Communication Skills Professional conversations and personal conversations: What are the differences? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Social Work and Reflective Communication


1
Social Work and Reflective Communication
  • Basic Communication Skills

2
Professional conversations and personal
conversations What are the differences?
3
Personal conversations
  • Often spontaneous
  • Unstructured or semistructured
  • Subject to interruptions
  • Can be terminated abruptly
  • Do not need to reach resolution
  • Can tolerate a range of informalities humour,
    touching, provocation, challenge, ignoring etc.
  • Are influenced by diversity age, language,
    class, culture, ethnicity, politics, religion
  • Often are not strictly time limited
  • Can often be overheard by others
  • Are much influenced by the nature and history of
    the the relationship power differentials,
    empathy/conflict etc

4
Professional conversations
  • More formal/constrained in language and style
  • Generally not accompanied by physical contact
    often structured or semi-structured
  • Time limited
  • Goal directed
  • Power differentials play a major role
  • Agency influenced
  • Context dependent
  • Voluntary or involuntary

5
Common problems presenting to social workers
  • Interpersonal conflict
  • Dissatisfaction in social relations
  • Problems with formal organisations
  • Role performance
  • Social transition
  • Reactive emotional distress
  • Inadequate resources
  • Psychological role and behavioural problems not
    identified elsewhere
  • Reid (1978) cited in Trevithick (2000)

6
Working together toward goals
7
Settings for practice
  • Child and family agencies (NGOs and state)
  • Hospitals(psychiatric and general)
  • Courts
  • Prisons
  • Community health centres
  • Aged care settings
  • Migrant resource centres
  • Drug and alcohol agencies
  • Rehabilitation agencies (residential and day
    programs)
  • )

8
Places where social work conversations happen
  • Office
  • Garden
  • Home
  • Bedside
  • Car
  • Park
  • Coffee shop
  • External agency/institution (prison,school,court,h
    ospital)
  • See Cleak and Egan in Egan and Maidment (2004)

9
Level of intensity in the helping relationship
  • Nature of the problem
  • The agency context
  • The conceptual underpinning
  • Engagement issues
  • Individual versus group couple or family
    involvement

10
Some variations in intensity
  • Crisis intervention and referral
  • Short term problem solving
  • Medium term counselling and support
  • Group work
  • Family therapy
  • Long term psychotherapy

11
Duration of the helping relationship
  • Crisis intervention single session or few
    sessions
  • Short term up to six weeks
  • Medium term six to twelve weeks
  • Longer term six to twelve months or more

12
What influences the duration
  • Nature of the presenting problem
  • Agency policy (e.g. crisis intervention and
    referral only)
  • Conceptual framework (e.g. behavioural vs
    psychodynamic)
  • The intensity of the relationship
  • The effectiveness of on-going engagement
  • The effectiveness of the interventions
  • The context e.g. a further crisis

13
Level of skill required
  • Volunteer (trained or untrained)
  • Apprenticeship training on the job
  • Academic qualification
  • Post graduate training
  • Professional development

14
Some examples of difference
  • Family counselling - undergraduate training
  • Family therapy post graduate training
  • Crisis intervention undergraduate training
  • Intensive psychotherapy postgraduate training
    and supervision
  • Sometimes also trained volunteers or workers who
    have had in-service training can offer a range of
    helping services
  • Skills required can be basic, intermediate or
    advanced depending on complexity of issues

15
Interviewing, counselling and psychotherapy
  • Interviewing information gathering and advice
    giving
  • Counselling normal developmental concerns
  • Psychotherapy - explores deeper issues
  • See Ivey and Ivey (2003) Ch1

16
Engaging with the task and purpose of the
interview
  • Planning and preparing for the interview
  • Creating a rapport and establishing a
    relationship
  • The relationship
  • Welcoming skills
  • Informal opening conversations (social chat)
  • Trevithick (2000)Ch 4

17
Preparing for the interview unstructured approach
  • Reflection
  • Empathy
  • Intuition
  • Combine intuition and analysis
  • Read case notes
  • Consider our role
  • Consider context age, gender, culture etc.
  • Trevithick(2000) Ch 4

18
Preparing for the interview structured approach
  • Use checklists of tasks/issues
  • Read case notes
  • Consider our role
  • Consider immediate context age, gender, culture
    etc.
  • Consider the broader context statutory, social
    justice etc.
  • See Trevithick (2000)

19
Creating a rapport and establishing a relationship
  • A harmonious working relationship (Barker, 1995)
  • Rapport means close and sympathetic
  • Social workers place great value on the quality
    of the helping relationship (Coulshed, 1991)
  • The relationship is the communication bridge
    between people(Kadushin,1990)
  • Feminists have seen building relationships as
    central to empowerment and growth (Stone, 1991)
  • Cited in Trevithick (2000)

20
Features of an effective helping relationship
  • Concern for service users self-determination
  • Displaying interest, warmth and trust
  • Respect for individuality
  • Acceptance
  • Empathic understanding
  • Genuineness and authenticity
  • Establishing ground rules regarding
    confidentiality
  • Adapted from Kadushin (1990)

21
Welcoming skills
  • Reception staff friendly but discreet
  • Décor bright and ordered but not overly formal
  • Private and confidential
  • Décor reflecting multiracial gender cultural mix
    of population served
  • Catering for age/disability etc
  • Wheelchair and pram accessible
  • Social chat
  • Shaking hands when appropriate
  • See Trevithick (2000)

22
Personal style, intentionality and cultural
intentionality
  • Personal style preferences, personal baggage,
    genuineness, use of self, self disclosure
  • Intentionality competence and clarity in
    decision-making
  • Cultural intentionality incorporating diversity
    in thought, feelings and behaviours
  • Ivey and Ivey (2003) Ch 1
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