Chapter 12

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• Chapter 12 Part 2 Nutrition Basics
• Essential Nutrients and Nutritional Guidelines

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What is a Nutrient?

• A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that
  helps maintain the body.
• You need over 50 nutrients, which can be divided
  into six groups.
• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids (Fats)
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals

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Nutrients have three general functions in your
body.
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The Six Classifications of Nutrients

• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Protein
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Sugars
Starches
Cellulose
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These Three Nutrients Have Calories
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
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What is the Definition of a Calorie?

• The unit used to measure the energy value of
  food.

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The Energy-Yielding Nutrients

• Carbohydrate
• Fat
• Protein

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Non-Energy Nutrients

• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water

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Variables which affect nutrient
needs 1. Age 2. Gender 3. Activity level 4.
Climate 5. Health 6. State of nutrition
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1. Carbohydrates
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Function

• Supplies energy
• Provides fiber
• Help the body digest fats

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Sources

• Sugars honey, jam, molasses, candy, table sugar
• Fiber fruits, vegetables, whole grains
• Starch breads, cereals, pasta

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2. Vitamins
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Function
Vitamins are divided into two main groups.
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• Fat-soluble vitamins
• dissolve in fats
• are stored in fatty tissues of the body

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• Water-soluble vitamins
• dissolve in water
• are not stored in the body

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3. Minerals
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• Used in minute amounts only.
• Become part of the bodys bones, tissues, and
  fluids.

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4. Fats
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Function

• Supply energy
• Carry fat-soluble vitamins
• Insulate the body
• Protect organs
• Provide essential fatty acids

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Sources

• Types of Fats
• Saturated dairy products, meats, lard, coconut
  and palm oils
• Unsaturated fish, nuts, vegetable oils

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Cholesterol

• The fat-like substance found in body cells. This
  substance clogs arteries.

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5. Proteins
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Functions

• Builds and repairs muscles and cell tissues
• Helps the body make important substances
• Regulates body processes
• Supplies energy

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Sources

• Complete proteins
• dairy products, eggs, fish, meat and poultry.
• Incomplete proteins
• beans, grains and nuts.

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6. Water
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Function

• Aids in digestion
• Aids in cell growth and maintenance
• Facilitates chemical reactions
• Lubricates joints and cells
• Regulates body temperature

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Sources

• Liquids
• Food
• Breakdown of energy nutrients

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Dietary Guidelines for Americans

• AIM FOR FITNESS . . .
• Aim for a healthy weight.
• Be physically active each day.

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BUILD A HEALTHY BASE . . .

• Let the Pyramid guide your food
• choices.
• Choose a variety of grains daily,
• especially whole grains.
• Choose a variety of fruits and
• vegetables daily.
• Keep food safe to eat.

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CHOOSE SENSIBLY . . .

• ?Choose a diet that is low in saturated fat
• and cholesterol and moderate in total fat.
• ?Choose beverages and foods to moderate
• your intake of sugars.
• ?Choose and prepare foods with less salt.
• ?If you drink alcoholic beverages, do
• so in moderation.

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Food For Thought

• Avoid excesses of some vitamins and minerals.
• To promote good nutrition and maintain good
  health
• Eat a variety of foods from the food guide
  pyramid.
• Drink plenty of water
• Daily exercise
• Seek the advice of a physician or dietician
  before taking supplements

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