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G?afe?? ?e?te??ß??µ?a? ??pa?de?s?? ?a?d?tsa?
G?µ??s?? ???e?? ???e??? ?ata????a?
43300 ?ata????a ?a?d?tsa?
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E-mail mail_at_gym-matar.kar.sch.gr
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'SUN, WIND, HYDRO THE FUTURE OF MANKIND'
2009-1-CY1-COM06-00467

• Greece and the Environment

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Environmental Policy
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• Responsibility for environmental matters on the
  national level lies with the Ministry for the
  Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works.
• Greece has adopted an environmentally friendly
  policy applied in all sectors through national
  legislation, adoption of European environmental
  laws, and participation in international
  agreements concerning the protection of the
  environment. However, less progress has been
  achieved regarding energy taxation and more has
  to be done in order to get prices work for the
  environment.

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A strong tradition of environmental NGOs
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• Conservation and management of the environment
  depend on the activity of non-governmental
  organisations that focus on environmental issues.
  Most of the Greek organisations undertake
  actions, which are limited in number and scope
  and for the most part involve issues of local
  importance, perhaps focusing on the protection of
  a specific species of plant or animal.
• Some NGOs represent the Greek branches of
  organisations active in many countries others
  are purely Greek in origin.

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A strong tradition of environmental NGOs
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• Environmental NGOs are also very important for
  public involvement in the collection of
  environmental information, and in the evaluation
  of the need for information, which can
  significantly increase the likelihood of correct
  decisions being made.

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Management and protection of bio-diversity
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• In Greece 5,500 species of flora and 900 species
  of fauna have been recognised. Many of them are
  rare and endemic. There are also many protected
  areas, a significant number of which is of
  international interest, and Greece has been
  committed to their protection through
  international conventions. Inductively there are
  10 National parks, 11Wetlands of international
  interest, 51 preserved natural monuments, 300
  bio-topes, 113 important areas for the birds of
  Europe etc. There are also 265 areas which have
  been proposed for the Natura 2000 network.

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Management and protection of bio-diversity
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• The main problems for Greek ecosystems which are
  of great value are caused by intensive human
  activities (tourism, mining, agriculture, animal
  grazing etc.) which result in the degradation of
  bio-topes and the diminution of floras and
  faunas population. Since the Earth Summit in
  1992, Greece has been implementing a
  comprehensive policy towards sustainable
  development. The main aim of actions taken on the
  management and protection of bio-diversity is to
  provide the knowledge and the facilities for
  monitoring, protecting and managing the flora and
  fauna species.

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Management and protection of bio-diversity
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• A major problem for Greek forest ecosystems is
  that of forest fires.
• The lack of a forest cadastre encourages the
  process of illegal settling and building on the
  areas of forest which have been burnt. A huge
  effort has been launched quite recently with the
  cadastral survey of the country. According to the
  Greek Constitution the reforestation of the burnt
  forests and forest areas is obligatory while any
  change in the forest land use is prohibited. The
  completion of the forest cadastre is expected to
  protect forest land from illegal grape.

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Management and protection of bio-diversity
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• The forest Services have been provided with the
  necessary infrastructure, but there is still lack
  of adequate trained staff and laxity in the
  observance of the law.The Local Authorities and
  particularly the Central Union of Local
  Authorities of Greece in order to address this
  problem have also undertaken many actions, such
  as organizing groups of voluntary firemen and
  local civilians that proved to be very efficient.

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Management and protection of bio-diversity
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• Desertification in Greece is a gradually emerging
  danger. This is a result of the countrys
  geological, topographical and climatic
  characteristics, which cause soil erosion, often
  leading to the final and almost total loss of
  productivity, as well as the drastic reduction of
  water resources.

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Coastal zones-Marine environment
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• Greece gives high priority to the protection of
  the marine environment and the sustainable
  development of coastal areas and islands. The
  countrys coastline of 15,021 km is the most
  extensive among all Mediterranean countries. This
  coastline is evenly distributed between the
  continental part of the country and the Greek
  islands, which number approximately 3,000. The
  coastal area contains diverse and productive
  ecosystems that house many rare species in need
  of protection (e.g. sea turtle Caretta - caretta,
  monk seal Monachus - monachus etc.).

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Coastal zones-Marine environment
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• The high coastal concentration of population and
  economic activities generates pressure to coastal
  areas.
• Non-built up and natural conservation areas have
  decreased and the coastal landscape has been
  altered in the recent years. At the same time
  pollution problems have emerged in enclosed seas
  and bays.

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Coastal zones-Marine environment
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• Therefore, actions have been taken aiming at the
  development of the necessary infrastructure for
  oil spill treatment and reception facilities for
  oil and chemical residues from ships.
• Cleaning and restoration projects have been
  carried out as well. The Greek Ministry for the
  Environment has established an integrated network
  for monitoring the quality of sea water.

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Coastal zones-Marine environment
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• Greece gives special importance to, and is
  involved in the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP),
  which operates in the framework of Barcelona
  Convention. UNEPs programme MAP concerns the
  protection of the Mediterranean basin from
  pollution coming from land based activities
• Consequently, a great number of bathing beaches
  has been awarded the EU Blue Flag.

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WASTE MANAGEMENT
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• One of the major environmental problems of Greece
  was, until recently, the lack of management
  (collection, treatment, disposal) of solid and
  toxic wastes.
• Therefore in many-uncontrolled waste disposal
  areas there are odours, pollution of surface and
  underground waters, air and soil pollution, fire
  danger and aesthetic pollution.

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WASTE MANAGEMENT
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• On the national level, technical specifications
  for the safe handling of waste are being
  determined. A system of permits was introduced
  for the collection and transport of solid waste.
  Legislation has been issued aimed at reducing air
  pollution from waste incineration plants.
  Threshold limits have been established for heavy
  metals in sewage sludge used in agriculture.
  Activities were initiated to promote waste
  prevention and recycling. Recycling programmes
  are being implemented for paper, glass and
  aluminium. Programmes are being introduced for
  the reduction of weight and volume of packaging
  material.

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WASTE MANAGEMENT
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• Awareness campaigns are being carried out.
  Responsibilities for waste management have been
  delegated to local authorities. The management of
  liquid waste is focused on the treatment of
  liquid waste at the national scale with the
  construction of waste treatment facilities in
  settlement larger than 15,000 inhabitants.
  National legislation provides for planning of the
  management of toxic and dangerous waste,
  procedures for the transport of dangerous waste,
  special permits for the disposal and storage of
  dangerous waste and measures for building
  facilities for toxic residues at ports.

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Atmospheric pollution
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• Atmospheric pollution has been facing Greece for
  the last 30 years and is related to urbanism and
  economic development. The region of Attica faces
  the most significant problems due to the climatic
  features, heavy traffic and unfavourable
  topography for the dispersion of atmospheric
  pollution. Measures for the solution of the
  problem are targeting at the reduction of SO2 and
  Pb high emission rates.
• The measures that have been taken for the
  reduction of SO2 included the prohibition of
  crude oil utilisation to central heating and
  continuous reduction of S content into crude oil
  and diesel.

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Atmospheric pollution
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• As far as Pb is concerned air pollution has been
  reduced due to the use of unleaded gasoline.
• Environmental Services have taken a series of
  measures concerning central heating, improvement
  of fuel quality, replenishment of old cars and
  traffic improvements (e.g. construction of the
  metro in Athens and Salonica) etc.

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Atmospheric pollution
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• The noise zones in Greece are the urban areas and
  mainly Athens which accommodates 40of the Greek
  population, 35 of industrial and handicraft
  activities and 70 of Public Services. Other
  noise zones are the main arterial roads,
  industries, ports, airports, tourist resorts and
  construction sites.
• The Greek government has elaborated a National
  Action Programme for Climate Change, joining the
  global effort to protect our planet.

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Atmospheric pollution
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• The program consists of the introduction of
  Natural Gas in the national energy and renewable
  energy sources exploitation) energy conservation
  in the domestic, commercial and public sectors,
  technological interventions in industry and
  transports.

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Water resources
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• Uneven distribution of activities in the country
  has resulted in water demands which often can not
  be covered by local water resources and therefore
  rational water resources management on a national
  level is a high priority in Greece. Besides,
  urban, industrial and agricultural liquid waste
  is responsible for the pollution of fresh waters
  in Greece.
• Management of the quality and quantity of the
  water in lakes and river Deltas, where there are
  important bio-topes, is of utmost significance.

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Water resources
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• In Greece, irrigation is of paramount importance
  for agricultural productivity. It accounts for
  over 80 of total water abstractions. The major
  Greek rivers (Axios, Strymon, Nestos, Evros) have
  their springs in other countries while two of the
  main lakes (Doirani and Prespes) are
  international.
• For the above reasons, co-operation with the
  neighbouring countries for the management of
  fresh waters is essential for Greece.

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Land and urban planning / aesthetic pollution

• Inadequate land and urban planning during 1950-80
  has resulted in the gradual degradation of the
  natural and urban environment in many areas of
  the country.
• The National Action Plan for Cities and Housing
  has two main objectives the creation of cities
  which provide safe, healthy, equal and
  sustainable living conditions and the guarantee
  of adequate housing for all.

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• In Greece, irrigation is of paramount importance
  for agricultural productivity. It accounts for
  over 80 of total water abstractions. The major
  Greek rivers (Axios, Strymon, Nestos, Evros) have
  their springs in other countries while two of the
  main lakes (Doirani and Prespes) are
  international.
• For the above reasons, co-operation with the
  neighbouring countries for the management of
  fresh waters is essential for Greece.

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Land and urban planning / aesthetic pollution
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• National actions taken with regard to human
  settlement development are emphasis on the
  development of urban plans for real estate
  located in ecologically sensitive areas, coastal
  zones and islands. protection of historical and
  traditional sites aiming at the improvement of
  urban conditions in selected Greek cities,
  traditional settlements and tourist sites, in
  order to improve living standards and working
  conditions.

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Environmental education
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• The Ministry of Education aims at the
  reorientation of education towards sustainable
  development. In this context, it has established
  Environmental Education Centres (E.E.C.), where
  students participate in special Environmental
  Education programmes. The E.E.C. also organise
  special Environmental Education training
  programmes for employees, local communities,
  organisations, teachers etc.

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Environmental education
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• A systematic co-operation has been established on
  special pedagogical Environmental Education pilot
  projects, with major Environmental groups such as
  WWF, the Goulandri Museum of Natural History,
  Greenpeace, etc.
• Two Greek Ministries and the USA have signed an
  intergovernmental Co-operation Agreement for the
  global network GLOBE that concerns the creation
  of environmental stations in schools.

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Official Source

• Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning
  Public Works (www.minenv.gr)
  CreationPAPAKITSOU ELINA
• Music Dj krush Feat, Kazufumi kodama Days
  End