DR BERKELEY MONIYHAN (The Life and Loves of a Pioneering Surgeon)

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DR BERKELEY MONIYHAN(The Life and Loves of a
Pioneering Surgeon)

• Click Pictures in the sidebar to continue the show

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• This Power-Point presentation was first delivered
  as a lecture to the Yorkshire Medical and Dental
  History Society at the Thackray Museum in Leeds
  on the evening of Tuesday 15th July 2008
• The assistance and constructive feedback provided
  by members of those two bodies is gratefully
  acknowledged as is the feedback provided by
  family and friends

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BACKGROUND

• 8 September 1855 During an attack on the Redan
  Redout Sevastopol, Sergeant Andrew Monynihan
  personally encountered and killed five Russians
  and afterwards under heavy fire rescued
  Lieutenant Swift and Ensign Maude, who had fallen
  near the fortress. He subsequently serves in
  India. His father Malachi Monyihan had come from
  Southern Ireland. There were 14 generations of
  soldiers in the Moniyhan family.
• 24th February 1857 Andrew Moynihan awarded the
  V.C.
• 2 October 1865 Birth of Berkeley Moniyhan (BM)
  in Malta to Captain Andrew Moynihan, V.C., and
  Ellen Anne, his wife daughter of Thomas Parkin, a
  cabinet maker at Hurst, near Ashton-under-Lyne.
• 19 May 1866 Death of Captain Andrew Moynihan
  through Malta Fever (contracted through drinking
  untreated Goats milk) aged 37. His widow
  narrowly survived an attack of this very same
  fever.
• December 1867 Mrs Moynihan came to Leeds with a
  pension of one pound a week on which to support
  two daughters and a son. She joined forces with
  her childless sister who was married to Alfred
  Ball, a police inspector, living at Millgarth
  Street. BMs education began in Leeds.
• September 1875 BM attended Blue Coat School,
  then in its original quarters in Newgate Street,
  London with a presentation from H.R.H.
  Field-Marshal the Duke of Cambridge. During his
  school career he was undistinguished, except that
  he did well in swimming and football.

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BACKGROUND

• 8 September 1855 During an attack on the Redan
  Redout Sevastopol, Sergeant Andrew Monynihan
  personally encountered and killed five Russians
  and afterwards under heavy fire rescued
  Lieutenant Swift and Ensign Maude, who had fallen
  near the fortress. He subsequently serves in
  India. His father Malachi Monyihan had come from
  Southern Ireland. There were 14 generations of
  soldiers in the Moniyhan family.
• 24th February 1857 Andrew Moynihan awarded the
  V.C.
• 2 October 1865 Birth of Berkeley Moniyhan (BM)
  in Malta to Captain Andrew Moynihan, V.C., and
  Ellen Anne, his wife daughter of Thomas Parkin, a
  cabinet maker at Hurst, near Ashton-under-Lyne.
• 19 May 1866 Death of Captain Andrew Moynihan
  through Malta Fever (contracted through drinking
  untreated Goats milk) aged 37. His widow
  narrowly survived an attack of this very same
  fever.
• December 1867 Mrs Moynihan came to Leeds with a
  pension of one pound a week on which to support
  two daughters and a son. She joined forces with
  her childless sister who was married to Alfred
  Ball, a police inspector, living at Millgarth
  Street. BMs education began in Leeds.
• September 1875 BM attended Blue Coat School,
  then in its original quarters in Newgate Street,
  London with a presentation from H.R.H.
  Field-Marshal the Duke of Cambridge. During his
  school career he was undistinguished, except that
  he did well in swimming and football.

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BACKGROUND

• 8 September 1855 During an attack on the Redan
  Redout Sevastopol, Sergeant Andrew Monynihan
  personally encountered and killed five Russians
  and afterwards under heavy fire rescued
  Lieutenant Swift and Ensign Maude, who had fallen
  near the fortress. He subsequently serves in
  India. His father Malachi Monyihan had come from
  Southern Ireland. There were 14 generations of
  soldiers in the Moniyhan family.
• 24th February 1857 Andrew Moynihan awarded the
  V.C.
• 2 October 1865 Birth of Berkeley Moniyhan (BM)
  in Malta to Captain Andrew Moynihan, V.C., and
  Ellen Anne, his wife daughter of Thomas Parkin, a
  cabinet maker at Hurst, near Ashton-under-Lyne.
• 19 May 1866 Death of Captain Andrew Moynihan
  through Malta Fever (contracted through drinking
  untreated Goats milk) aged 37. His widow
  narrowly survived an attack of this very same
  fever.
• December 1867 Mrs Moynihan came to Leeds with a
  pension of one pound a week on which to support
  two daughters and a son. She joined forces with
  her childless sister who was married to Alfred
  Ball, a police inspector, living at Millgarth
  Street. BMs education began in Leeds.
• September 1875 BM attended Blue Coat School,
  then in its original quarters in Newgate Street,
  London with a presentation from H.R.H.
  Field-Marshal the Duke of Cambridge. During his
  school career he was undistinguished, except that
  he did well in swimming and football.

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ANDREW MONYIHAN V.C.

• Dukinfield has proud memories of Andrew Moynihan
  who came to Crescent Road as a child, his family
  having moved from Wakefield. He went to the
  Wesleyan Methodist School in Ashton and worked at
  Flash Hall Mills on Old Street before moving to
  James Ogden's Mill at Hall Green
• The Redan was a heavily armoured fortress
  defending the entrance to Sebastopol which the
  British Army were assigned to attack. An initial
  attack failed in June 1855 but in September 1855
  they made headway led by Moynihan. The Russians
  drove them back and wounded Lieutenant Swift.
  Moynihan fearlessly re-entered the building to
  rescue Swift and was bayoneted twice then taken
  captive. A renewed British attack secured
  Moynihan's release. Again the Russians retaliated
  pushing the British back to their trenches and
  again Moynihan helped save a wounded colleague
  despite his own injuries. By the end of the day
  he had twelve wounds.
• Moynihan had a hero's welcome on his return to
  Dukinfield in 1856. A special reception took
  place at the Astley Arms and presentations to him
  included an inscribed watch from the local
  people. The following year he received his
  Victoria Cross from Queen Victoria.
• A blue plaque to commemorate the life of Andrew
  Moynihan is sited on the Astley Arms, Chapel
  Hall, Dukinfield.
• http//www.tameside.gov.uk/blueplaque/andrewmoynih
  anvc

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CENSUS RETURNS

• 55 Amberley Grove, Potternewton. Leeds, 2nd April
  1871

• The General Infirmary 5th April 1891

• Alfred Ball 39 Police Inspector Belper Derbyshire
• May Bell 39 wife in Liverpool in Lancashire
• Ellen Moynihan 36 sister-in-law Annuitant
  Liverpool Lancashire
• Eva Moynihan 9 Scholar Ireland (later a
  Governess)
• Berkeley Moynihan 5 Scholar Malta (later a
  Governess)
• (The population of Leeds was 259,212)
• 3rd April 1881
• Is mentioned in a census List of 11-15 year old
  boys at Christs Hospital School Newgate Street
  London.
• (The population of Leeds was 309,119)

• Edwin M. Light 29 Resident Medical officer
  London
• B. G. A. Moynihan 25 Resident Surgical Office
  Malta British Subject
• William A. Stott 28 Obstetric Surgeon Leeds
• John G. Mcandlish 22 House Surgeon Leeds
• Frederick R. Bird 26 House Surgeon Huddersfield
• Robert E. Howell 25 House Physician Newcastle
  Northd
• Charles A. J. Dalglesh 22 House Physician
  Liverpool
• John B. Hall 24 House Surgeon Leeds
• Henry Tempest 22 House Surgeon Otley

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EARLY CAREER

• May 1881 to 25 July 1883 At the Royal Naval
  School, Eltham, and from there proceeded to the
  Medical School at Leeds, where he lived with his
  maternal uncle, his mother and two sisters. He
  remained closely attached to Leeds for the rest
  of his life. The medical school was a part of the
  Yorkshire College which afterwards became one of
  the three constituents of the Victoria
  University.
• 2 October 1883 On his eighteenth birthday he
  began medical training at the Yorkshire College
  and Leeds General Infirmary (LGI)
• 1885-6 Around this time he starts to court Betsy
  Hastings Smith, the eldest daughter of Commercial
  Traveller Edmund Smith who lived within ten to
  fifteen minutes walking distance of the LGI.
• 1887 Graduated M.B. at the University of London
  in 1887 and became a Member of the College the
  same year. Then served as house surgeon to Arthur
  Fergusson McGill (1846-1890) at the LGI
• 24 April1887 Moynihan was present as a dresser
  when McGill pioneered the first Prostate
  operation.
• 1887-1888 Acted as private assistant to
  Mayo-Robson (1853-1933), a pioneer in abdominal
  surgery in Leeds. Foreseeing the trend of surgery
  Moynihan trained himself deliberately to
  anticipate its arrival. Later visits Berlin
• 1890 Passed examination for the Fellowship of
  Surgeons and possibly got engaged to Betsy

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LEEDS VISTA (1885) STEEL WORKS
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THE JESSOP HOUSEHOLD, ROUNDHAY MOUNT LODGE, WEST
AVENUE, 5TH APRIL 1891

• Family Members Visitor

• Domestics

• Thomas R Jessop 53 Surgeon Duly registered
  Brighouse
• Isabella W. Jessop 51 Leeds
• Helen M. Jessop 21 Leeds
• Thomas H. Jessop 20 Leeds
• Isabella Jessop 18 Scholar Leeds
• Maud Jessop 17 Scholar Leeds
• Ethel B. Jessop 15 Scholar Leeds
• Constance Jessop 14 Scholar Leeds
• Gladys Jessop M. 6 Scholar Roundhay
• Harold I. Wilson 25 Solicitor Finchley Middsx

• Frances E. Barker 31 Governess Bradford
• Mary A. Thorne Widow 67 Cook Studly Yorks
• William J. Hewitt 25 Butler Maltby Yorks
• Elizabeth Middleton Widow 35 Laundress Leeds
• Anne E. Harrat 23 Housemaid P Brightside Yorks
• Annie Leaf 20 House Maid Upsall Yorks
• Elizabeth Moore 20 Nurse Ricall Yorks
• Annie Crossland 19 Housemaid Cawood Yorks
• The Stables
• John Houlder 43 Coachman Welton-Le-Marsh

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THE JESSOP MANNER

• From Bateman 1940, p.89
• The Jessop manner was in accordance with the
  man. Silk-hatted and with an orchid in the lapel
  of his coat, each day he drove up to the hospital
  in a carriage drawn by a pair of bay horses.
  Alighting, he was met by his R.S.O. and students
  in royal progress the party marched through the
  corridors of the infirmary. Arrived at the
  theatre the great man stopped, and drawing from
  his buttonhole the orchid, handed it to the
  theatre-sister. Then after the usual preparation,
  on with the operation. With the steady speed of
  the inspired craftsman the work went forward, no
  bombast and no fireworks. So secure was his
  learning that he did not hesitate to ask, where
  right utilize, the advice of his assistants. Like
  all the best of doctors he lacked the grudging
  intellectual pride that in its arrogance is but
  the mask of ignorance. Small wonder that, for
  those who knew him, even while Jessop was still
  alive, something of mythology invested the
  masters name.
• Thomas Richard Jessop, F.R.C.S, was born in 1837,
  he was first Resident Medical Officer at the LGI
  (from 1860) Honouree surgeon (from 1870) and
  Consultant Surgeon (from 1890). Later, Vice
  President of the Royal College of Surgeons of
  England. A notably gifted teacher, he died in
  1903. An old photograph shows him to be an
  avuncular John Bull figure.
• BM started to visit his home and move in his
  circles during the early 1890s.

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THE LGI GRAND ENTRANCE
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DRS A. F. MCGILL MAYO-ROBSON

• 24 April 1887
• Moynihan was present as a dresser when McGill
  pioneered the first Prostate operation. It is
  said that it happened by mistake, that McGill
  having opened the bladder of a man with retention
  was feeling with his finger the size of the
  prostate. In doing so "it came away in his hand".
  Whatever the truth, McGill appreciated the
  importance of what he had done and remarked, "We
  must do this again." At the BMA meeting in Leeds
  two years later McGill presented a number of his
  patients holding their prostates in jars.

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AN EARLY CRISIS

• 5th April 1891 Census Return for 18 Vernon Road
  Leeds
• Edmund Smith aged 59. Widow Commercial
  Traveller, (His second wife Rosamond had died of
  TB on 30th March)
• Betsey Hastings aged 31,
• (Born 27th February 1861 in Leeds, as eldest
  daughter to Edmunds first wife Helen,)
• Annie aged 29, (Born in Leeds)
• Fred Heselwood (Frank) aged 21 warehouseman,
  (By his second wife Rosomond)
• Maud aged 18,
• Hedley aged 12,
• Kathleen aged 5,
• Anne Spencer aged servant.
• (By this time, the population of Leeds had
  climbed to 367,505, there was a severe economic
  recession)
• 14TH March 1892 Berkeley felt the need to
  receive spiritual encouragement from his
  brother-in-law the Reverend A. N. Claye as he was
  suffering from a crisis of conscience that led
  him to delay any marriage proposal until June.
  According to Smith family tradition, a wedding
  date had already been arranged with Betsy Smith
  (for 1893?) Edmund appeared to threaten BM with
  breach of marriage contract unless generous
  financial provision was made for Betsy. To
  prevent Bms reputation from being destroyed in
  an embarrassing court case, Thomas Jessop
  provides the settlement and the matter is hushed
  up only to be unearthed over a century later.
• 1893 Master of Surgery, is awarded the gold
  medal. Demonstrator of anatomy in the LGI Medical
  School (until 1896)
• 1895 Entered on P.132 of the Wakefield Telephone
  Directory 1442 MOYNIHAN B. G. A. MS. (LOND.)
  F.R.C.S. (ENG.)
• 17 April 1895 Married Isabella Wellesley, (born
  in June 1873) daughter of Thomas Richard Jessop.
  Moves to 5 Woodhouse Square.

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EDMUND SMITH 1832-1915
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DOCTORING THE RECORD

• From Bateman 1940, pp.91-2, 97
• He had always liked feminine company, preferred
  it in fact to that of men, but, up till now, had
  known few occasions to indulge his liking. Of his
  class he had known few women, outside it none.
  Neither time money, nor opportunity had allowed
  him to enjoy the society of ladies. But he had a
  way with them. He had a remarkable, sympathetic
  understanding of their point of view and this
  they (Betsey?) could get round him, could win him
  over. His susceptibility to them put pitfalls in
  his way. He readily believed in them, and when
  what they said ill-matched with later fact, was
  disconcerted. He was boyish, and his warm heart
  was too easily deceived (by Betsey?).
• But (unlike Betsey) there was no deception about
  Isabel. Berkeley was, from the day they met her
  hero. She had for him an awed admiration (unlike
  the more critical Betsey). In her eyes everything
  he did was right. She was surprised, almost
  amazed, when she found him return this
  admiration. She was not an intellectual, could
  not follow the ranging of his learned,
  imaginative mind but she did understand him
  better perhaps than (Betsey and) any woman he had
  known. She saw his weaknesses and chinks in his
  armour. Young as she was, she knew in her heart
  that she possessed, as he might never do, a
  worldly knowledge that exceeded his. She saw how
  poor was his defence against sweet flattery and
  importuning (from women like Betsey Hastings
  Smith).
• Isabel gave to Berkley a faithful, loving
  loyalty (unlike Betsey Smith.)

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MIDDLE CAREER

• 1896 Elected assistant surgeon to the LGI, is
  also promoted to Lecturer in Surgery a post he
  held until 1909.
• 1899 At the Royal College of Surgeons BM was
  appointed an examiner in anatomy on the board of
  examiners in anatomy and physiology for the
  Fellowship.
• 1899 He gave three lectures as Arris and Gale
  lecturer in The anatomy and surgery of the
  peritoneal fossae,
• 1900 He gave three lectures in 1900 on The
  pathology of some of the rarer forms of hernia.
• 31st March 1901 Census return for at 13 Newport
  Mount Headingley Leeds, records Anne H. Smith
  aged 39 Betsy H. Smith aged 41 Cookery School
  Instructor
• 1904 Moved to 63 Clarendon Road
• 7th May 1903 Arrived in New York aboard S.S
  Teutonic with his wife
• 1905 Produces his book on Abdominal Operations
• 1906 Promoted to surgeon at the LGI.

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CENSUS RETURNS 31st MARCH 1901

• 5 Woodhouse Square, Leeds

• 18 Vernon Road, Leeds

• Berkeley G. A. Moynihan 35 Surgeon Own Account
  Malta
• Isabella W. 28 wife Leeds Yorkshire
• Dorothy W. Moynihan 3 Leeds Yorkshire
• Mary H. Wilson 31 sister-in-Law
• Laura Goodier 24 Nurse (Domestic) Wetherby
• Francis M. Whiteley 36 Cook (Domestic) Harewood
• Fanny Fox 34 (Domestic) Boston Spa

• Edmund Smith 69 Commercial Traveler, (Draper
  Worker) working on his own account, Sutton,
  Kildwick
• Sarah Smith Third Wife 62 Brighton Sussex (A
  widow from London who had married Edmund on 27th
  December 1892)
• Kathleen aged 15 Leeds
• Flora Burnett or Barrett 24, Cook Domestic,
  Nottingham
• Anne J. Hewitson 22 Nurse Domestic Leeds
• (The population of Leeds was 428,968)

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MIDDLE CAREER

• 1909 Knowing that English surgeons knew little
  about the work of their colleagues and less about
  the progress of surgery abroad. He established a
  small visiting club, the members of which
  travelled from surgical centre to surgical
  centre, watched and commented upon the methods of
  their colleagues and confrères, and cemented many
  friendships.
• 1910 he was nationally known and as Professor of
  Clinical Surgery he became the first clinical
  surgical professor within the University of
  Leeds. Publishes his book on Duodenal Ulcers.
• 1912 Began to serve on the council of the Royal
  College of Surgeons (until 1933), is awarded a
  knighthood.
• 25th July 1913 A speech given to a BMA meeting
  in Brighton is quoted in the New York Times.
  Co-founds the British Journal of Surgery
• 1914 Moved to Carr Manor after buying it from
  Clifford Albutt and builds a pool. Until near his
  death he liked to swim in it despite it
  containing a rare species of sinistral snails
  (ones with shells which curl in the opposite than
  usual direction).

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S.S TEUTONIC MENUS
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DUODENAL ULCERS (1910)
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IN THE MEDIA (1913)
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WAR TIME INTERLUDE

• 28 November 1914 BM was gazetted temporary
  colonel, A.M.S., and was serving in France.
  Initially attached to the 2nd Northern General
  Hospital of the Territorial R.A.M.C. Helped to
  buy an ambulance train and makes notable
  contributions to the surgical treatment of chest
  wounds.
• January 1915 The American Surgeon George W.
  Crile (1864-1943) took a small group of Lakeside
  Hospital surgeons, nurses, and technicians to
  Paris, where for three months they staffed the
  Ambulance Americaine. During Crile's service in
  Paris, several noted surgeons visited to observe
  surgery, particularly Crile's blood transfusion
  technique (pioneered in 1906). These included
  Berkeley Moynihan of Britain and Alexis Carrel of
  France, who developed a widely used antiseptic
  solution.
• 1916 On the treatment of gun-shot wounds is
  published in Brit. med. J. 1916, 1, 333-337, was
  based on an earlier address hed given to the
  Harveian Society of London, February 24th, 1916.
  (He gave a lecture based on this paper in 1920)
• 1916-1919 chairman of the Army Advisory Board
  form 1916 and chairman of the council of
  consultants

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WAR TIME INTERLUDE

• 1917 Is appointed CB and elected a Fellow of the
  American College of Surgeons
• 18th October, 1917 Despite German U boats he
  arrived in New York aboard the S.S Oduna
• 9th November 1917 During his American tour a
  speech BM delivered to audience of 1,500
  physicians and their wives gives (gathered at the
  Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York) receives
  favourable coverage in the New York Times. The
  headline states that he SEES GERMANY FAR FROM
  DEFEAT Sir Berkeley Moynihan Declares Teutons
  Can Only Be Beaten from Without. 1,000 DOCTORS
  CHEER HIM America, He Declares, in Her First War
  Fought the Same German Autocracy She Fights Now.
  10,000 Doctors in Khaki. Predicts Army of
  5,000,000.
• 1918 Is appointed Knight Commander of the Order
  of St Michael and St George (KCMG)
• 1919 Demobilized whilst holding the rank of
  Major-General
• 1920 First Murphy memorial lecture at Chicago in
  1920 and presented a great mace from the
  consulting surgeons of the British Armies to the
  American College of Surgeons in memory of mutual
  work and good fellowship in the European War
  1914-18.

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SOMME CASUALTIES (1916)
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LATER CAREER

• 1920 The spleen and some of its diseases,
  Bradshaw lecture, R.C.S. (Published 1921)
• 1922 Created a baronet
• 18th January 1922 Death from breast and lung
  cancer of Betsy Smith in The Madeline Joy Hostel,
  Headingley Leeds.
• 1924 University of Leeds made him an honorary
  LL.D. on the occasion of its twenty-fifth jubilee
  
• 1926 Retired from the LGI
• 1926-31 Served six terms as President of The
  Royal College of Surgeons
• 1927 Portrait painted by Richard Jack, R.A., it
  still hangs the Board Room of the LGI. Is also
  Hunterian Orator speaking on Hunters ideals and
  Listers practice.
• December 1927 Fell ill with a duodenal ulcer,
  which he initially misdiagnosed as stomach
  cancer. He remained ill until early 1928. Around
  this time he began to suffer from high blood
  pressure.
• 1928 His Cancer of the Stomach was published
  in Practitioner, 1928, 121, 137-148. and his
  Addresses on surgical subjects.

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LATER CAREER

• September 1931 A fire destroyed his Leeds
  surgery of 38 years
• 1932 He delivered the Romanes lecture at Oxford
  
• 1936 As president of the Voluntary Euthanasia
  Legislation Society he had undertaken to
  introduce a Euthanasia Bill in the autumn session
  of in the House of Lords. Joined the Board of
  Directors of Droitwich Spa, and had intended to
  devote himself to its development as a centre for
  the cure of rheumatism.
• 31st August 1936 Sudden death of Lady Moynihan
• 6th September 1936 Had a cerebral haemorrhage
  and is dead the next day without recovering
  consciousness, at his home Carr Manor, Meanwood,
  Leeds. Was subsequently buried in Lawnswood
  cemetery after what amounted to a state funeral
  in Leeds. Memorial services were held in Leeds
  parish church and at St Martins-in-the-fields,
  London. An offer was made that he should be
  buried in Westminster Abbey, but it was declined
  for family reasons.

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BMS TRIBUTE TO HIS WIFE (1ST SEPTEMBER 1936)

• she was the daughter of Richard Jessop D. L.
  F.R.C.S of 32 Park Square Leeds. He had the
  busiest and best surgical practice in Leeds. He
  was appointed surgeon to the Leeds General
  Infirmary in 1870 and became Consulting Surgeon
  in 1890. When I left the Infirmary in 1893, I was
  already engaged to his daughter Isabella
  Wellesley. She was then 20 years of age, born in
  June 1873, was short and very slim. After her
  marriage and before we sailed from Liverpool
  (to Madeira) on our honeymoon, she weighed with
  all her clothes on six stone and three pounds.
  She was lively and accomplished. She played
  tennis well her sister was Yorkshire Champion
  for years and she could occasionally beat her.
  She had had trouble with her ears owing to
  scarlet fever when young and was always a little
  deaf. She danced divinely, indeed everyone agree
  that she was easily the most accomplished dancer
  in Leeds and in those days one could judge, for
  it was considered almost improper to dance more
  than once with any girl.
• (He then proceeded to praise his wife for her
  being a good housekeeper who treated the servants
  so wisely that they stayed with the family for
  years. One of these servants was a chauffeur.)
• She was a small yet great and lovely lady,
  worthy of all honour and remembrance.

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ASSESSMENT

• Positive Aspects

• Negative Aspects

• These Included -
• 1) An strong level of motivation in his work
• 2) An ability to see where opportunities lie
• 3) An incredible level of perseverance
• 4) A phenomenal memory attention to detail
• 5) Exceptional communication administrative
  abilities
• 6) A wide level of interests
• 7) A strong devotion to his wife
• Overall, BM had a very systematic and methodical
  rather then creative mind. He used his skills to
  save many lives

• These Included -
• 1) An ice cold ruthlessness
• 2) A tendency to use and dump people
• 3) An arrogance which could alienate colleagues
• 4) A petty minded vanity and obsession with
  honours
• 5) Political naivety e.g. his jingoism
• 6) A willingness to cover-up embarrassing facts
• 7) Neglect of his children
• Overall, BM was married to his career and could
  only tolerate a partner who knew her place as a
  Drs wife

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A RELEVANT ROLE MODEL?

• Key Lessons for Doctors to learn from the life
  and loves of BM are -
• 1) Be a polymath e.g. draw inspiration from a
  wide variety of sources including the humanities
• 2) Learn from the masters in your field, if
  necessary seek them out
• 3) Treat operations as a sacred rite in which
  the patients life is at stake
• 4) See yourselves as part of a great professional
  tradition which is there to be built on
• 5) Carefully select and be very passionate about
  any speciality you major on
• 6) Avoid a childish obsession with honours, let
  your work speak for itself
• 7) Try not to needlessly alienate your
  colleagues they will gossip and dam your
  reputation across the generations

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FINAL COMMENTS

• The main conclusion to draw from this study is
  that BM was a a love hate figure who could
  attract both great loyalty and dislike. He
  wasnt a man who left people indifferent. He may
  well have been a ruthless careerist but he was
  also lot more than that! In his profession, he
  came to see that he was not a lone genius but
  rather one member in a great medical tradition.
  His writings on other great surgeons such as
  William Hey displayed a certain degree of
  humility. It seems that his vanity was aimed at
  largely at gaining honours rather than affecting
  his everyday profession. Perhaps he had seen too
  much of death for it to be otherwise. Whether we
  can see his like re-emerge in British medicine
  today is an open question.
• With regard to Betsy it appears that BM had taken
  what was for him the right decision. Hed needed
  a wife who could understand and accept the
  burdens of being married to a successful surgeon.
  Betsy obviously failed to fulfil these conditions
  so she had to go. Once this decision had been
  made it was easy to imagine him being coldly
  logical about it. He would have taken the view
  that it had to be done and the sooner the better.
  One mystery remains over how he had first met
  Betsy. During his younger days he was not a
  churchgoer, preferring the theatre instead. Was
  it at the theatre that he actually first
  encountered her? The answer to that question
  remained unknown.
• In the final analysis, its possible to respect
  if not necessarily like Dr BM. By sheer bloody
  minded doggedness he justly became one of the
  great figures of modern medicine thanks to his
  work countless lives have been saved and
  enhanced.

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NON-ELECTRONIC SOURCES

• Book List
• Anning T. Stephen (1980) The History of Medicine
  in Leeds W. S. Manney Son Ltd
• Bateman David (1940) Berkley Moynihan, Surgeon
  London Macmillan Co Ltd
• Burt Steven Grady Kevin (1994) The Illustrated
  History of Leeds The Breedon Book Company
• Franklin White A. editor (1967) Selected
  Writings of Lord Monynihan Pitman Medical
  Publishing Club
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