Introduction to Interrogation V 7.1

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(No Transcript)
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Introduction To???? ???

• Interrogation
• ?????????

3
????? ?????? Performance Objectives
4
????? ?????? Performance Objectives

• ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ? ???????
• Explain the difference between a confession and
  an admission.
• ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????.
• Name five (5) qualities of a successful
  interrogator.
• ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????
• Identify six (6) key differences between an
  interview and an interrogation.

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????? ?????? Performance Objectives

• ????? ????? (3)?????? ??????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????
• Name three (3) things an interrogator needs to
  learn about when preparing for an interrogation.
• ????? ????? (4) ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ??? ??????? ??? ?????????.
• Name four (4) examples of acceptable manipulation
  used when controlling an interrogation.

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????? ?????? Performance Objectives

• ????? ????????? .
• Identify the two (2) interrogation approaches.

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????? ?????? Performance Objectives

• ????? ???? (6) ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
  ????????? ?????????.
• List six (6) basic rules for composing questions
  for an interrogation.
• ????? ???? (5) ?????? ????? ?????.
• Name five (5) verbal signals of deception.

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????? ?????? Performance Objectives

• ????? ????? (3) ????? ????? ????? ????????? .
• Identify three (3) commonly used defense
  mechanisms.
• ????? ???? (7) ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
  ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????.
• Name seven (7) things that should be included in
  the written statement taken by the interrogator.

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????? ?????? Performance Objectives

• ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????.
• Understand why some interrogations will fail.

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?????? Definitions
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???? ??Definitions

• ????????
• Confession
• ???????? ??????
• Admission

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Confession

• A confession is defined as an acknowledgment by a
  suspect that he/she has committed a crime. It
  includes an acknowledgment of the commission of
  all the elements of the crime and the persons
  involvement in the commission. A confession will
  sometimes be accompanied by a suspects account
  of how he/she actually planned and committed the
  crime. A confession may be motivated by remorse
  and a desire to clear ones conscience.
• (Arabic definition next page)

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??????Definitions

• Confession
• ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? / ?? ??
  ?????? ????????. ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????. ???????? ???????
  ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? / ??
  ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????????. ???????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????.

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Admission

• An admission is an acknowledgment by the suspect
  of certain facts that tend to incriminate him/her
  with respect to a particular crime, but which are
  not sufficiently complete to constitute a
  confession. A suspect may, for example, mention
  that he/she was driving a friends car the day
  the robbery was committed and not know that the
  police already have a full description of the car
  and its tag number. Therefore, his/her admission
  of driving the car is incriminating information.
  Usually an admission evolves because the suspect
  gives information that ties in with other
  incriminating evidence that the police already
  have.

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???????? ?????? Admission

??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????
???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????
????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???
??????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?? ??? ????
??????? ????? ??????? ????? / ?? ?????? ???????
????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???
??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????
??????. ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ????????
??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????
??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???
???????.
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???? ???????? ??????Qualities of a Successful
Interrogator

• ????
• Persuasiveness
• ????????
• Perseverance
• ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????
• Ability to subdue all personal prejudices

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Never Give Up!!!?? ?????? ???? !!!
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???? ???????? ??????Qualities of a Successful
Interrogator

• ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??
  ????????
• Ability to be receptive to all information,
  regardless of its nature
• ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???
• Flexibility in responding to suspects moods

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??????? ??? ???????? ??????????Similarities of
Interviews and Interrogations

• ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??????????
• In BOTH interviews and interrogations, the
  following are important
• ????? ?????
• Establishing rapport

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??????? ??? ???????? ??????????Similarities of
Interviews and Interrogations

• ???? ??????? ??????
• Asking good questions
• ??????? ??????
• Listening carefully
• ??????? ?????
• Documenting properly

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Listen!!!???????!!!
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???????? ??? ???????? ??????????Differences
Between Interviews and Interrogations

• ?????????
• Interviews
• ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????
• Purpose is to obtain information
• ??????? ??????? ??? ????????(??????)
  ????????(?????? ???????)
• Cooperative relationship between interviewer and
  subject likely

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????????? Interviews

• ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????
• No guilt or guilt uncertain
• ??????? ??? ??????? ???????
• Moderate planning or preparation
• ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????
• Private or semi-private environment is desirable
• ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????
• Controlling surroundings is important

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San Bernardino Sheriffs Office???? ???? ???
?????
25

• ?????????
• Interrogations
• ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????
• Purpose is to test information already obtained
• ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????
  ???????? ?? ??????.
• Adversarial or hostile relationship between
  interrogator and suspect likely
• ????? ????? ?? ?????.
• Guilt suggested or likely

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????????? Interrogations

• ??????? ?? ??????? ??????.
• Extensive planning or preparation
• ?????? ??????? ??????.
• Absolute privacy is essential
• ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????
• Controlling surroundings is critical

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???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????INTERVIEW AND
INTERROGATION WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?

• ?????????
• ????? ???
• ????? ????????
• ????? ????? ??????
• ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????
• ????? ???????

• ????????
• ????,????
• ???? ????????
• ??????? ????
• ??? ????? ?????
• ??? ???? ??? ?????

• INTERROGATION
• Suspect
• In custody
• Specific questions
• Structured
• Accusatory

• INTERVIEW
• Witness, Victim
• Free to leave
• General Info.
• Casual
• Non accusatory

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?????? ??? ??????? ??Learning About the Suspect

• ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????
  ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????
• Background information that the interrogator
  needs to learn about the suspect includes
• ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??.
• Any aliases the suspect has used
• ????? ????? ???????
• Date and place of birth

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?????? ??? ??????? ??Learning About the Suspect

• ????? ???????? ??????? ????????
• Level of education and employment history
• ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
• Marital status and financial history
• ????? ???????? ???????? (????? ??????)
• Physical and mental health (past and present)

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• ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????
• Drug or alcohol abuse or addiction
• ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????
• Relationship to the victim or crime scene
• ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????
• Any possible motive, biases, and prejudices
• ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????
  ??????? ????????
• Whether suspect had capability and/or opportunity
  to commit the crime

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????? ?? ??????? ???????Examples of Acceptable
Manipulation

• ??? ?? ???????
• Withholding of smoking rights
• ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????.
• Controlling the number of cigarettes allowed
• ?????? ??????? ??? ????????
• Directing the suspect to sit

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• ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????
  ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? (?????? ????????? ??
  ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???
  ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????
  ?????? ???? ????? ?????????)
• Deciding whether to grant the suspect special
  requests such as( being allowed to be kept
  separate from other prisoners when the
  interrogation is completed or being allowed to
  have candy or other snacks during the
  interrogation)

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?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? Remarks
Used in anEmotional Approach Situation

• ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????
  ??????? ????????? ??? ??????.
• Society can forgive a person for their mistakes,
  but will not condone lies or cowardice.

34
?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? Remarks
Used in anEmotional Approach Situation

• ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????
  ???????? ??????????.
• It takes courage to tell the truth, do not
  complicate your crime with lies.
• ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????
  ??????
• All of us have made mistakes, but the least a
  person can do is to try to rectify them.

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??????? ???????? ?????? ???????Basic Rules
forComposing Questions

• ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ????? ????
• Questions should be short, direct, and confined
  to one topic.
• ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????.
• Questions must be clear and easily understood.

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Composition of Questions????? ???????What Are
We Trying To Learn??? ???? ???? ????? ?????

• Who
• ??
  
• What
• ????
• Where
• ???
• When
• ???
• Why
• ?????
• How
• ???

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??????? ???????? ?????? ???????Basic Rules
forComposing Questions

• ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??
  ???.
• Only words that the suspect can understand should
  be used.
• ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?
  ?????.
• Avoid using legal terms, such as burglary and
  robbery, in questions.

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??????? ???????? ?????? ???????Basic Rules
forComposing Questions

• ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? .
• Unless it is intended, accusatory questions
  should be avoided.
• ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??
  ???? ????
• Questions should be open-ended e.g., And then
  what happened?)

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Types of Deception????? ??????

• Verbal Signs of Deception
• ???????? ??????? ??????
• Physiological Signals of Deception
• ???????? ???????? ??????
• Behavioral Signs of Deception
• ???????? ???????? ??????

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???????? ??????? ??????Verbal Signs of Deception

• ???????? ??? ?????? ????????.
• Stuttering or slurring words
• ????????? ?? ????? ??????.
• A change in the speed of talking

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???????? ??????? ??????Verbal Signs of Deception

• ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
• An unusually high pitch or cracking of the voice
• ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ??? ???????? (????? ??? ??? - , ????
  ??????? ????? ???? , ??? ?????. . )
• Use of expletives, profanity, or insistent
  expressions of truth (e.g., To be perfectly
  honest, or Truthfully, . .)

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???????? ??????? ??????Verbal Signs of Deception

• ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???
  ???? ????? ????????? ?????????.
• Abnormally slow speech that suggests a careful
  planning of each word to avoid incriminating
  statements

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???????? ???????? ??????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ?????? ?????
• Facial Expressions
• ????? - ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????.
• Anger - usually most common with the truthful
  person.
• ????? - ????? ????? ?????? ???????.
• Fear - most commonly associated with the
  deceptive individual.

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???????? ???????? ??????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ??????? ?????? ?????.
• Eye Contact
• ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? 30-40 ??????
  ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????
• Normal eye contact is maintained between 30-40
  percent of the time between two individuals in
  conversation.

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Exercise?????

• Two Students
• ????? ?? ??????
• Eye Contact
• ????? ?????? ?????
• 60 Seconds
• 60 ?????
• Class Discussion About Exercise
  
• ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????

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???????? ???????? ??????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????
  ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????.
• Deceptive suspects tend to avert their gaze due
  to the belief that their guilt can be seen
  through their eyes.
• ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????
  ?? ??????? ?????????.
• Truthful persons will generally sustain eye
  contact longer than deceptive persons.

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???????? ???????? ??????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ???????? - ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????.
• Defiance - indicated by crossed arms, tilted
  head, usually displayed by deceptive individuals

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??????? ???????? ?????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ???? ?????
• Body Posture
• ????? ??????? ????? ??????
• Slumping head and body

49
???????? ???????? ?????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ?????? ??????? ????
• Very rigid posture
• ??? ?????? ????? ?????????
• No frontal alignment with the interrogator

50
??????? ???????? ?????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ?????? ????????
• Slouching
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???( ???? ??????
  ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????).
• Sitting with arms or legs crossed
• ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????
  ???????? ??????.
• Shifting sitting positions often and in a jerky
  manner

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???????? ???????? ?????? Physiological Signals
of Deception

• ???????? ??????other indicator
• ????? ??????.
• An increase in sweating
• ???? ??? ??????.
• Changes of color in the skin

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???????? ???????? ??????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????
  ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????.
• A dry mouth, indicated by the suspects frequent
  swallowing, wetting of the lips, or indications
  of thirst
• ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
• An increase in the pulse rate
• ????? ???????????? ???????.
• Wringing of hands, or popping knuckles

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???????? ???????? ??????Physiological Signals of
Deception

• ??? ????????
• Chewing fingernails
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????
• Picking lint from clothes
• ????? ????????
• Clearing the throat

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???????? ???????? ??????Behavioral Signs of
Deception

• ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??
  ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???.
• Evasive and non-committal in their answers
  frequently do not answer the question asked
• ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ????.
• Unconcerned, acting as though the interrogation
  is no big deal

55
???????? ???????? ??????Behavioral Signs of
Deception

• ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???
• Guarded, giving only the briefest of details
• ?????? ?? ???????? (????? ??? ??? - , ??? ??
  ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????. . . )
• Quick to rationalize (e.g., I couldnt have done
  this because...)

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Never Give Up!!!?? ?????? ???? !!!
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????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????Three
Commonly Used Defense Mechanisms

• ???????
• Rationalization
• ??????(????????)
• Projection
• ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
• Minimization

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Document???????
59
????? ?????????Documenting an Interrogation

• ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????
• Documenting and interrogation accomplishes two
  purposes
• ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????
  ???????.
• To retain information for the benefit of the
  interrogator and the continued investigation

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????? ?????????Documenting an Interrogation

• ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???
  ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????
• To secure a written statement or confession from
  the suspect for later use as evidence in court

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Types of Documentation????? ???????

• Notes Taken by Interrogator
• ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????????
• Memory Of the Interrogator
• ??????? ??????? ??????
• Audio / Video Recordings
• ??????? ?????? ???????
• Statements Written by Suspect
• ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??
• Confession By Suspect
• ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??

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?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????Statement Taken by
the Interrogator

• ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????
• The written statement should include the
  following
• ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????
  ?????
• A heading that identifies the circumstances under
  which the statement was taken

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?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????Statement Taken by
the Interrogator

• ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?????
• The date and time that the statement began and
  ended
• ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????
• The location where the interrogation took place

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?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????Statement Taken by
the Interrogator

• ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.
• Name, address, and age of the person giving the
  statement
• ????? ?????? ?????????
• Name and title of the interrogator

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?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????Statement Taken by
the Interrogator

• ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
• Consecutive page numbers on every page of the
  statement
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????.
• Suspects initials on every page

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Confessions

• Confessions Should Contain the Same Information,
  as a Written Statement by the Suspect, Even if
  Written by the Interrogator, for the Suspect
  Then the Confession Should Be Signed
  Appropriately, by the Suspect, After Review

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Confessions??????????

• ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????
  ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???
  ?? ?? ?????.
• ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????
  ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??
  ???????

68
Questions or Comments????? ?? ???????

• ???????
• END