European Initiatives in the field of

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European Initiatives in the field of Hydrogen
Safety, Regulations, Codes and Standards

Pisa, Italy, 8-10 September 2005
Angel PEREZ SAINZ European Commission,
Directorate-General Research Marc
STEEN Institute for Energy European Commission,
Directorate-General Joint Research Centre
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Presentation outline

• EU energy policy context
• The EU Framework Programmes (FP) for Research and
  Technology Development
• Projects on hydrogen safety in FP5 and FP6
• European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology
  Platform H2 safety, IG-RCS
• Energy Research in FP7

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The European Commission

• The European Union (EU)
• a treaty-based political association of European
  countries
• defines and manages economic and political
  cooperation among its members.
• From May 1st 2004, the EU includes 25 member
  countries and 450 million people.
• The European Commission (EC)
• the executive arm of the EU institutions and
  embodies the general interests of the EU.
• proposes policies and legislation and implements
  the measures approved by the governments of the
  member states, represented in the European
  Council, and by the European Parliament.
• Its responsibilities include policy areas such as
  trade, competition, agricultural policy and
  economic development, but also research, public
  health and humanitarian aid.

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EU Energy Policy Context
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EU Policy Context

• Drivers
• Security of EU energy supply
• Reduction of EU greenhouse gases and pollutant
  emissions (Kyoto and beyond)
• Improve EU industrial competitiveness
• Means
• Improve energy efficiency, reduce energy
  intensity
• Increase share of renewable energy
• Develop diversified energy supply mix

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Public funding of H2/FC RDDin Europe

• RDD on H2/FC activities in Europe is funded at
  different levels EU, national and regional.
• The main instrument for EU funding is the RTDD
  Framework Programme (FP).
• The overall public budget of EU, national and
  regional programmes is estimated to be more than
  160 Mio per year industry budgets are even
  larger.
• Up to recently the EU RD efforts were relatively
  dispersed, fragmented and lacking a clear overall
  common strategy
• Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform
• Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Coordination (HY-CO) as
  ERA-NET project

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EU Support to Fuel Cell and Hydrogen RD in
Framework Programmes
275
M
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FP6 Budget Breakdown for H2/FCs
H2 production
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JRC
Validation and
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H2 Storage
demonstration
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18
H2 distribution
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Transport applications
Pathways and socio-
(including FC hybrid
economic analysis
vehicles)
9
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Low Temperature FC-
Safety, RCS
Stationary and portable
basic research
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applications
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High Temperature FC -
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basic research
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Total EC Contribution 275 M
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Main dedicated projects on H2 safety RCS in FP5
Project Coordinator Duration (months) EC funding Emphasis
EIHP2 LBST(B) 36 (finished) 2.3 M Input for RCS at EU and global level - safe development of H2 vehicles on roads - refuelling station
ELEDRIVE AVERE (B) 36 (finished) 0.7 M To create synergies at EU level to accelerate the deployment of FC vehicles, including recommendations for legislation and standardisation
FCTESTNET VDI(D)/JRC 36 (about to finish) 2.5 M Development and harmonisation of FC testing protocols
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Main dedicated projects on H2 safety RCS in FP6
submitted, pending submission for IPHE
recognition
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• NoE qualifiers
• Lasting integration of RD capacities
• Long-term, multidisciplinary objectives
• .

• Main Goals
• Contribute to a safe transition to a sustainable
  development in Europe by facilitating the safe
  introduction of hydrogen technologies /
  applications
• Strengthen and focus, integrate fragmented
  research on hydrogen safety ? competitive
  scientific and industrial community

• Consortium
• 24 partners from 12 Eur. Countries, 1 from Canada
  
• 12 public research organisations, 7 industrial
  partners, 5 universities

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HySafe Activity Matrix
Risk Control
Distribution
Fires andExplosions
Mitigation
Risk Analysis
RCS
Application
Production
Transport
Refuelling
Street Vehicles
Other Vehicles
Portables
Preliminary Ranking
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HySafe Action Plan on H2 safety
Risk Control
Distribution
Fires andExplosions
Mitigation
Risk Analysis
RCS
Application

• Outcome
• Experimental databases for hydrogen safety
  analyses
• Validated analytical and numerical tools for
  assessment of safety
• Experimentally validated mitigation techniques
  and safety devices
• Innovative hydrogen mitigation technologies
• Methodologies for risk evaluation
• Improved technical culture to handle hydrogen as
  an energy carrier
• Inputs to European/global regulatory and
  standardization activities

Production
Transport
Refuelling
Street Vehicles
Other Vehicles
Portables
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HySafe - main outcomes

• Organisation of the First International
  Conference on Hydrogen Safety
• Preparation of the 1st edition of the Biennial
  Report on Hydrogen Safety including the Handbook
  on Hydrogen Safety
• Curriculum for Professional Education (safety
  engineers)
• Setting up Hydrogen Incidences and Accidents
  Database
• CFD codes validation, benchmarking and
  integration of test facilities
• Integrated Programme of Activities
• - IgnHyd project to study ignition and to
  derive a probabilistic ignition model
• - HyTunnel, expert study of available mitigation
  measures (ventilation, spray,) for large scale
  accidental releases
• - insHYde, addressing most realistic releases in
  (partially) confined areas (acceptable limits,
  sensors, ventilation, standards,)
• Proposed activities
• - HyGuide Deriving suitable, comparable and
  common Q-D rules for the new H2 applications
  (refuelling, home,)
• - Training, open summer school on H2 safety

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HySafe links with other initiatives
ISO
IEA
IPHE
CEN
HFP
NorthAmerica
Zeroregio
StorHy
Japan
NATURALHY
Russia
HyApproval
CUTE
etc
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HARMONHY - Harmonization of Standards and
Regulations for a sustainable H2/FC technology

• Main objective
• To render European collaboration in the field as
  effective as possible and to increase its
  contribution at the worldwide level
• Approach
• make an assessment of the activities on H2/FC
  related regulations and standards on a worldwide
  level
• identify gaps and make propositions to solve
  fragmentation
• identify conflicts between codes, standards and
  regulations and make propositions to solve them
• Consortium 12 participants from 5 EU countries,
  1 from NO and 1 from Canada- 5 industrial
  partners, 3 research organisations

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HYAPPROVAL -Handbook for Approval of Hydrogen
Refuelling Stations

• Main objectives
• To develop a Handbook (HB) facilitating the
  approval of hydrogen refuelling stations (HRS),
  which can assist companies and organisations in
  their implementation and operation, and to
  contribute to the international standard in ISO
  TC197
• Approach
• The HB will be based on best practices to be
  derived from key EU demonstration projects (CUTE,
  ZERO-REGIO, ECTOS, CEP)
• Safety work in HyApproval will identify minimum
  requirements for which no supporting technical
  data exist (e.g. safety distances, etc.),
• Strong cooperation between Hyapproval and Hysafe
  (simulation work, safety studies, safety
   review )
• Consortium 25 partners from 8 EU countries,
  including 11 industrial partners, 10 research
  organisations, 4 regulatory institutions. Outside
  EU partners NREL (US), Dalian Institute
  (China), ENAA (Japan)

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FCTESTQA Fuel Cell Testing, Safety and Quality
Assurance

• Main objectives
• Pre-normative research, benchmarking, validation
  through RRT of harmonised, industry-wide test
  protocols and testing methodologies of FC, stacks
  and systems
• Approach
• Risk assessment of the system, component or
  procedure
• Definition of safety issues and necessary tests
• Identification, validation and benchmarking of
  recommended methods
• Consortium 30 partners from 7 EU countries,
  including 18 research organisations and 10
  industrial partners. 2 partners from China, 1
  from Korea, 1 from Japan, 1 from US.

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Other major FP5 demo projects with safety
components

• CUTE/ECTOS- demonstration of 30 FC buses- 10 EU
  cities
• Safety associated to H2 infrastructure,
  production, distribution, refuelling, maintenance
• VIRTUAL FUEL CELL POWER PLANT - development,
  installation and testing of a VFCPP with
  decentralized fuel cell microCHP systems- 58
  microCHP in 7 EU countries
• Safety concepts, sensors, testing methods for
  CHP, installation requirements

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Other major FP6 projects with safety components

• NATURALHY - H2/natural gas mixes using existing
  pipeline network
• Safety issues related to transmission,
  distribution and end use of mixes (e.g. pipeline
  durability and integrity)
• STORHY - Development of safe and efficient
  on-board vehicle storage system
• Improvement of safety equipment, safety
  evaluation of design and approval, crash
  behaviour
• ZEROREGIO - Development of H2 infrastructure
  systems and demonstration of H2 in FC car fleets
• Safety issues related to HP (850 bar) H2
  pipeline, hydrogen compression and refuelling
  infrastructure
• FLAMESOFC - Development of innovative micro
  SOFC-based CHP system
• Safety issues, HAZOP analysis, component and
  system certification

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JRC efforts on hydrogen safety

• Own RD projects in networking mode with
  EU-projects and stakeholders
• Feed-in to RCS
• International outreach IPHE RCS, IEA Task 19
• Security aspects

• high pressure gas storage
• solid state hybrid storage
• sensor testing
• safety modelling

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Numerical modelling of accident scenarios (gas
release and distribution, explosions)
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• EU Harmonisation of Risk Assessment for Different
  H2 Applications
• to contribute to development of pre-normative
  guidelines for determination of safety distances
  and hazardous zones, and input to regulatory
  issues.
• to include the hydrogen dimension into an EU-wide
  consistent comparison of risk information and
  risk communication (Energy Risks Monitor (ERMON))
• EU Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database (HIAD)
• a classical "lessons learnt from accidents" type
  of database does not work for the case of HIAD
• to collect information on H2 related events from
  open sources, and provide easily accessible,
  reliable and unbiased information on
  incidents/accidents

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Elements of aEuropean Strategy for H2FC

• High Level Group H2 and FCs (2002-2003) - Vision
  report Hydrogen energy and Fuel Cells A
  vision of our future
• European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology
  Platform (January 2004) involving main
  stakeholders
• Elaboration of two foundation documents
  Strategic Research Agenda and Deployment
  Strategy Endorsed in March 2005 at Platform
  General Assembly
• Strategic Overview of the above 2 documents
  March 2005
• FP7 (2006 - 2013) Hydrogen Joint Technology
  Initiative

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The H2/FC Technology PlatformStructure and
Participants

• Participants
• Research Community, Industry, Public Authorities,
  Financial Community, Users and Consumers, Civil
  Society
• Platform Operations General Assembly
• On-going and future projects, networks and
  initiatives, supported by EC, national and
  regional programmes
• Steering and support structures
• Advisory Council (and Executive Group),
• Steering Panels and Initiative Groups,
• Member States Mirror Group,
• Commission Inter-service Hydrogen Project Team
• Secretariat

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SRA Foundation document

• - The SRA recommends a prioritised, 10-year
  research programme, a medium-term strategy up to
  2030 and a long-term strategic outlook up to
  2050.
• Safety is considered as a very important issue to
  be part in all RD efforts - it is treated as
  cross-cutting to all applications and
  technologies
• - Specific safety RD needs are also identified.

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Specific RD needs from SRA on Hydrogen Safety

• Safety monitoring including sensors
• Hydrogen leakage detection in CGH2 systems
• Core components for refuelling stations
• Novel materials, safety studies for metal hydride
  storage
• Fail-safe methods to handle hydrogen boil-off
• Risk assessment and design of components
• Computational tools for safety studies
• Evaluation of social impacts (potential poor
  safety perception of H2)

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Technology Platform recommendations H2 safety
and RCS

• The H2/FC Technology Platform has produced a
  preliminary action plan
• to address the RD needs identified in the SRA
• to establish a EU harmonised standardisation and
  regulatory framework for the safe operation of
  hydrogen fuel cell systems,
• with the following main steps
• develop handbooks/codes of best practice for the
  safe introduction of H2
• establish a formal process / task force for
  assessing due diligence as regards safe use of
  hydrogen in projects, especially demonstration
  actions
• assimilate and structure knowledge from
  pre-normative research, safety dedicated projects
  and demonstration activities
• enhance international co-operation to secure
  globally compatible infrastructure and equipment
• Key EU projects of international added value are
  being recognised by IPHE for potential
  collaboration

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Call FP6-2004-Energy-4 M-L research activities

• Research related to hydrogen safety will be
  implemented under the following topics
• Research to develop permitting guides for the
  installation of stationary H2/FC systems, to
  remove non-technical barriers and safety barriers
• Enhancement of intl cooperation dimension of
  running FP6 H2/FC related projects, to stimulate
  cooperation and exchange through IPHE framework
• NOTE call to be officially opened end of
  September

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7th FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Building the ERA
of Knowledge for Growth
Energy Research in FP7
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Cooperation Collaborative Research

• 9 themes
• Health
• Food, Agriculture and Biotechnology
• Information and Communication Technologies
• Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new
  Production Technologies
• Energy
• Environment (including Climate Change)
• Transport (including Aeronautics)
• Socio-Economic Sciences and the Humanities
• Security and Space

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FP 7 Proposed Priority Topics in Energy
Hydrogen and fuel cells
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FP7 proposes concept of a Joint Technology
Initiative (JTI) for H2/FC

• Public-Private-Partnership with an appropriate
  legal, governance and management structure
  leveraging funding from various sources
• Strong industrial participation in shared
  management of integrated RTD and demonstration
  activities, based on the research and deployment
  strategies developed in the Technology Platform
• Supporting a European Energy Research Area
• Developing outreach at international level
• Capitalising on results of FP5 and FP6

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From Technology Platform to Joint Technology
Initiative (JTI)
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Staying Informed
Energy Research at Europa http//europa.eu.int/com
m/research/energy/index_en.html General
information on the Sixth Framework Programme
http//europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/index_en.ht
ml Next Call for proposals http//fp6.cordis.lu/
fp6/calls.cfm Energy helpdesk rtd-energy_at_cec.eu.
int Towards FP7 http//europa.eu.int/comm/researc
h/future/index_en.html HFP Technology Platform
www.HFPeurope.org Joint Research Centre
http//jrc.cec.eu.int JRC Institute for
Energy http//ie.jrc.cec.eu.int
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THANK YOU !!!