Chapter 4.1 The Story of Judaism History (pages 98-107)

1
Chapter 4.1The Story of JudaismHistory(pages
98-107)
2
Judaism in Canada

• Canada has the fourth-largest Jewish population
  in the world, after the United States, Israel,
  and France.
• Approximately 330 000 Canadian Jews today trace
  their origins back to Russian and Eastern
  European Jews who emigrated to escape persecution
  during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
• Others are descended from the 40 000 Holocaust
  survivors who came to Canada in 1945, after WWII.
• In the 1950s, another wave of Jewish immigrants
  came from French colonies in North Africa.
• Most settled in large cities such as Montréal and
  Toronto.
• Many of the first Jewish Canadians were fur
  traders or members of the British Army stationed
  in the province of Québec.
• Today, the largest number of Jews in Canada live
  in Toronto and Montréal.
• Vancouver, Ottawa, Winnipeg, and Calgary also
  have large Jewish communities.

The top twelve Jewish populations in the world
(2001) 1. USA 6,500,000 2. Israel  4,950,000
3. France 600,000 4. Canada 364,000 5. Britain
  275,000 6. Russia  275,000 7. Argentina 197
,000 8. Ukraine 112,000 9. Germany 98,000 10. B
razil  97,500 11. South Africa 88,000 12. Hungar
y  55,000
3
The top twelve Jewish populations in the world
(2001) 1. USA 6,500,000 2. Israel  4,950,000
3. France 600,000 4. Canada 364,000 5. Britai
n  275,000 6. Russia  275,000 7. Argentina 19
7,000 8. Ukraine 112,000 9. Germany 98,000 10.
Brazil  97,500 11. South Africa 88,000 12. Hunga
ry  55,000
4
(No Transcript)
5
Rabbi Ammos Chorny
Temple Israel of London, Ontario, Canada 605
Windermere RoadLondon, OntarioCanada        N5X
2P1 Phone [phone]FAX [phone]Office
office_at_templeisraellondon.ca Rabbi Debra
Dresslerrabbi.dressler_at_templeisraellondon.ca
6
The History of Judaism

• Origins of Judaism
• Judaism traces its origins back 3800 years to
  Abraham and Sarah, patriarch and matriarch of
  Hebrews or Israelites.
• The story of Abraham, Sarah, and their
  descendants is told in Jewish scriptures.
• It is the story of a covenant (promise) made
  between God and Abraham.

7

• Links to the Past
• The area we now know as Israel was once divided
  into two kingdoms the kingdom of Israel in the
  north and the kingdom of Judah in the south.
• The religion is called Judaism because the Jewish
  people trace their heritage to the Hebrew people
  who lived in the kingdom of Judah.
• Throughout its sacred texts, Judaism has
  maintained continuity with its distant past.
• Even though Judaisms roots date back to ancient
  times, over the centuries it has evolved and
  changed from the practices of early Hebrews.

8
The Birth of Modern Judaism

• The Judaism of King David and King Solomon was
  different from the Judaism of today.
• The destruction of the Temple in the 1st century
  of the Common Era had an enormous impact on
  Judaism because it had been the centre of all
  Jewish worship and sacrifice.
• In 66 CE, Judea was under the Roman Empire.
• Zealots (Jewish revolutionaries) rebelled, and
  the Romans laid siege to Jerusalem, destroying
  the city and the Temple.
• 3000 people perished when the Temple fell.
• Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism survived, but
  were changed by the events.

9

• Christianity
• The destruction of the Temple forever changed a
  Jewish movement that had begun with Jesus of
  Nazareth about 40 years earlier.
• The movement included Jews and non-Jews who had
  accepted Jesus as the Jewish Messiah or Christ.
• Conflict developed between Christian Jews and
  Rabbinic Jews (Pharisees).
• The two groups parted ways at the end of the 1st
  century.

10

• Rabbinic Judaism
• It was begun by Pharisees.
• It found a new focus in sacred writings.
• It encouraged people to gather in synagogues or
  study houses to study the Torah.
• Torah is the teaching or guidance of God.
• Studying and interpreting the Torah became an
  important way of helping Jewish people follow the
  laws of the covenant, wherever they lived.
• Interpreters were known as scribes or rabbis,
  thus the name Rabbinic Judaism.

11
Jews in the Diaspora

• In 135 CE, the Romans expelled the Jews from
  Judea, forcing them to take refuge in other
  countries.
• Diaspora means dispersion or scattering.
• This scattering among nations and the constant
  desire to return to Israel and Jerusalem is a key
  aspect of the history of Jews and their faith.

12

• Jews in Christian Europe
• In the Diaspora, Jews became divided into two
  major groups the Ashkenazim in northern,
  central, and eastern Europe, and the Sephardim
  around the Mediterranean.
• Both groups had an immeasurable influence on the
  intellectual, economic, cultural, and spiritual
  life of every country they lived in.
• Jews were considered the other and were set
  apart in many cases.
• In Christian countries of Europe, they were often
  unjustly accused of being the killers of Jesus
  the Messiah and were treated as unbelievers.

13
The Kabbalah and Hasidism

• Several Jewish mystical movements became popular
  in the Middle Ages.
• Mystics search for God through a life of prayer,
  meditation, and reflection.
• The main Jewish mystical teachings are Kabbalah
  (12th century), and Hasidism (18th century).

14

• Kabbalah
• Kabbalahs teachings are found in many texts,
  including the Zohar.
• According to Kabbalah, the true nature of God is
  indescribable.
• It is known as Ein Sof, meaning without end.
• God has no boundaries in time or space.

15

• Hasidism
• Founder was Israel ben Eliezer (16981759), also
  known as Baal Shem Tov
• He taught that communion with God happened
  through prayer, good deeds, humility, and joy.
• He is best known for his humorous stories of
  people encountering God while doing simple chores.

16
Chapter 4.2The Story of JudaismShoah(pages
108-116)
17
The Enlightenment, the Holocaust (Shoah), and
Modern-Day Israel

• Three events have shaped Judaism in the past
  three centuries the Enlightenment, the Holocaust
  (Shoah), and the founding of the State of Israel.

18

• The Enlightenment
• In the 17th century, a new way of knowing began
  to dominate Western Europe reason.
• Before that, mysticism and religion were ways of
  knowing and understanding life.
• The Enlightenment emphasized intellectual
  freedom.
• Only what could be known by reason was
  acceptable everything else was superstition.
• People became skeptical of traditional political,
  social, and religious beliefs.
• Less emphasis was placed on religion, and Jews in
  some parts of Europe became more accepted.
• The Enlightenment also caused divisions within
  Judaism.
• Ashkenazi Jews split into three traditions
  Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox.

19
Reform Judaism

• This branch attracted Jews who had mixed more
  frequently with the rest of the population
• They wanted to enjoy freedoms like everyone else,
  participate in intellectual life, and work with
  non-Jews.
• They began to interpret scripture with more
  modern methods.
• They became less concerned with traditional
  purity laws, kosher laws, and the desire to
  return to the homeland.
• Today, Reform Jews use a combination of Hebrew
  and English for religious services.
• Men and women sit together in the synagogue.
• Women are ordained as rabbis.
• Many, but not all, believe as long as one parent
  is Jewish, the children are Jewish.
• Individualism is encouraged each person must
  decide what beliefs and practices are key to his
  or her spiritual life.
• They often accept secular moral values (the
  values of society in general), but live by
  traditional values as well.
• They stress tikkun olamrepairing the world
  through social action.

20
Conservative Judaism

• The Conservative movement arose as a reaction to
  Reform Judaism.
• It follows many, but not all, of the 613
  commandments of the Torah, and old traditions
  such as the order of prayers, the use of Hebrew,
  and some dietary laws.
• It is open to modern historical methods of study,
  but considers Reform Judaism too loose in its
  interpretation of the scripture.
• The needs of the community and its Jewish
  identity always come before individual wants and
  needs.
• Active participation in synagogue is very
  important.
• Like Reform Jews, Conservatives stress tikkun
  olam.
• Men and women sit together in the synagogue.
• Women are sometimes ordained as rabbis.
• It is the largest branch of Judaism in Canada.

21

• Orthodox Judaism
• Orthodox Jews continue to observe all the ancient
  rules and practices.
• They want to avoid watering down the Jewish
  faith.
• They believe God gave the whole Torahoral and
  writtento Moses at Mount Sinai.
• Some Orthodox Jews accept some secular moral
  values, but being Orthodox means following the
  commandments of the Torah, strictly observing the
  Sabbath and other Jewish holy days, using Hebrew
  in the synagogue, dressing modestly, and
  following dietary laws.
• Men and women sit separately in the synagogue.
• Judaism can only be passed down to children by
  the mother.

22
The Holocaust (Shoah)

• During WWII, between 16 and 20 million people
  were killed in concentration and labour camps by
  German Nazis and their allies.
• About 6 million of these victims were Jews.
• Adolf Hitler was elected chancellor of Germany in
  1933.
• Even though German Jews were well integrated into
  European society, Hitler considered them an
  inferior race and declared them enemies of the
  state.
• He blamed Jews for Germanys loss in WWI
  (19141918) and Germanys economic problems
  during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
• Many Jews were alarmed by Hitlers actions and
  tried to leave Germany.

23

• But many countries limited the number of
  immigrants they would allow in during the Great
  Depression.
• Anti-Semitism was widespread, even in Canada,
  which contributed to other countries not wanting
  to take them in.
• The Nazis deliberately set out to exterminate all
  Jews in Europe this is known as the Holocaust.
• Jews were imprisoned, starved, forced to do heavy
  manual labour, medically experimented on,
  tortured, and killed.
• The Jewish population of Europe was reduced from
  9.5 million to 1.6 million in just 12 years.

24

• Effects of the Holocaust on the Jewish Community
• After the horrors of the war, the faith of many
  Jews was shaken.
• They wondered if God was punishing them for their
  lack of faithfulness.
• This is a question still faced by many modern
  Jews.
• The fact that Judaism lives on is a testimony
  that came from this struggle to understand.
• For others, the traditional Jewish belief that
  God is with us in good times and bad remains
  strong.
• They believe goodness and love will prevail and
  Gods reign will triumph at the end of history.

25

• The central message of the Torah is What is
  hateful to you, do not do to others.
• This is the rallying cry for many Jews of all
  denominations in response to the Holocaust.
• Greater emphasis on the tikkun olam has been a
  Jewish response to the cruelty of WWII.
• The Mishnah (oral Torah) teaches that Adam was
  created single to teach people that the
  destruction of any persons life is the same as
  destroying a whole world, and the preservation of
  a single life is the same as preserving a whole
  world.
• Life is sacred because it is from God for many
  Jews, preserving life is a key response to the
  Holocaust.

26

• Zionism and the State of Israel
• Zionism
• The persecution Jews experienced in Europe
  fuelled a desire to return to the land God had
  promised them.
• By the late 1800s, many Jews supported Zionism, a
  movement to establish a national Jewish state in
  Palestine.
• Some Zionists began to emigrate to Palestine.
• Arabs who lived there objected to the Jews coming
  to what they saw as their homeland and fighting
  broke out several times.
• After WWII, many Western countries began to
  support Jewish struggles for a homeland in
  Palestine.

27
Zionism (contd)

• Britain, which controlled the region, submitted
  the issue to the United Nations.
• In 1947 the UN voted to divide Palestine into an
  Arab and a Jewish state with Jerusalem under
  international control.
• Arabs felt betrayed by the Western countries,
  whom they had supported during the war.
• Palestinian Arabs felt particularly betrayed by
  the British who, in 1915, had promised them
  independence in Palestine.
• On May 14, 1948, Jews proclaimed the independent
  State of Israel.
• The next day, Israels neighbouring Arab nations
  invaded in attempt to destroy the new Jewish
  state.
• When the war ended about eight months later,
  Israel controlled its part and about half of the
  land the UN had planned for the new Arab state.
• The rest was annexed by Arab neighbours.
• Almost a million Palestine Arabs left the country
  or were expelled by the Israelis.
• Most became refugees living in the
  Arab-controlled part of Palestine.

28
(No Transcript)
29
Chapter 4.3The Story of JudaismRituals(pages
117-122)
30
Rituals
31
JEWISH CALENDAR
32
MAJOR HOLY DAYS

1. Rosh Hashanah / Jewish New Year
2. Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement
3. Sukkot / Feast of Tabernacles/Booths
4. Pesach / Passover
5. Shavu'ot / Feast of Weeks/Pentecost
6. Hanukkah / Feast of Lights
7. Purim / Feast of Lots
8. Simchat Torah / Rejoicing in the Torah
9. Tisha BAv / Destruction of Two Temples

33
HAPPY HANUKKAH
34
TIME OF YEAR

• Year Hanukkah starts at sundown on... Hanukkah
  ends on
• 2009 December 11 December 19
• 2010 December 1 December 9
• 2011 December 20 December 28
• 2012 December 8 December 16
• 2013 November 27 December 5
• 2014 December 16 December 24
• 2015 December 6 December 14

35
HISTORICAL EVENT

• A Greek King (2200 years ago) was in control of
  Judah and he forbade the Jewish people from
  praying to their God, practicing their customs,
  and studying their Torah.

36

• Antiochus forced the Jews to worship the Greek
  gods. It is said that he placed an idol of the
  Greek God Zeus on the alter in the Holy Temple of
  Jerusalem.

Zeus god of the sky and thunder
Image of Antiochus on coin
37

• In response to this persecution, Judah Maccabee
  and his four brothers organized a group of
  resistance fighters known as the Maccabees.

38

• The Maccabees reclaimed the Holy Temple in
  Jerusalem. They cleaned the Temple, removing the
  Greek symbols and statues. When Judah and his
  followers finished cleaning the temple, they
  rededicated it.

39

• According to tradition, when the Maccabees
  entered the Holy Temple, they discovered that
  their was only enough one days worth of oil for
  the temple lamp.
• Miraculously, the Maccabees lit the menorah and
  it burned for not one, but eight days.
• This is why the Hanukkah Menorah has eight
  candles and why Jews celebrate Hanukkah for eight
  days.

40
SPECIAL FOODS

• Many traditional Hanukkah foods are cooked in
  oil, in remembrance of the oil that burned in the
  temple.
• Latkes, or potato pancakes are a favorite food at
  Hanukkah.

41
(No Transcript)
42
KEY RITUALS

• The Lighting of the Menorah
• Blessing of the Candles
• Singing and playing Dreidle
• Eating Foods Cooked in Oil

43
THEMES

• Courage
• Hope
• Light
• Freedom

44
KEY SYMBOL
Hanukkah Menorah
45
(No Transcript)
46
PEZ MENORAH
47
LEGO MENORAH
48
(No Transcript)
49
NATURAL MENORAH
50
Remember HANUKKAH IS NOT THE JEWISH CHRISTMAS
51
DREIDLE

• The dreidel is a four-sided spinning top.
• Each side is engraved with a different Hebrew
  letter.
• The letters mean Nes Gadol Haya Sham"A great
  miracle happened there"

52
HAPPY PURIM
53
TIME OF YEAR

• February/March

54
HISTORICAL EVENT

• Remembers the defeat of a plot to exterminate the
  Jewish people in Persia (Babylon).
• The story of Purim is told in the Book of Esther.

55
(No Transcript)
56
KEY CHARACTERS

• Becomes Queen of Persia after being chosen by the
  King
• She saved the Jewish people from Haman.
• Very beautiful and brave

57

• Esthers Cousin
• Leader of the Jews in Persia
• He took care of Esther after she became an orphan

58

• Powerful Prime Minister in Persia
• He declares that the Jews in Persia must bow down
  to him
• He plots to annihilate the Jews because they
  refuse to bow down to him

59

• King of Persia
• Divorced his wife and was searching for a new
  Queen
• He chose Esther (an Israelite) and she became his
  Queen.

King Xerxes AKA Ahasuerus
60
SPECIAL FOODS

• HAMANTACHEN
• Triangle shapped pastries filled with Jam
  (tradition states that Haman wore a triangular
  shapped hat)

61
SYMBOLS

• Rattles
• Masks
• Hamentashen

62
Rituals

• On Purim, all Jews are required to fulfill the
  Purim mitzvot
• Reading of the Story of Esther
• Festive meal (Drink Wine)
• Gifts of food
• Act of Charity
• Some dress up as the Purim characters and put on
  plays!

63

• Marking Time
• Shabbat (the Sabbath)
• Shabbat is the day the Lord rested and is the
  most sacred day for Jews.
• Shabbat begins at sunset on Friday and ends at
  sundown on Saturday.
• It is celebrated in the synagogue.
• It focuses on the family.
• It celebrates the heavens and Earth and
  everything on Earth as gifts from God.

64

• Pesach (Passover)
• Passover is one of the most important feasts of
  Jewish year.
• It is celebrated in the first month of the year,
  on the 15th day of Nisan.
• Like Easter, it happens around the first full
  moon after spring equinox.
• It celebrates the freedom won by Jewish slaves
  when they escaped from the Egyptian Pharaoh over
  3000 years ago.
• The most important part of the festival is the
  Passover Seder, a ritual meal during which Jews
  recall the story of the Exodus from Egypt.

65
From Rosh Hashanah to Yom Kippur The Days of Awe

• Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish new year.
• It is celebrated in the synagogue.
• People declare God king again for the coming year
  and pray for Gods protection and blessing.
• One of the most exciting rituals is the sounding
  of the shofar, or rams horn, to herald the start
  of the new year.
• The 10 days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
  are called the Days of Awe.
• During this time, Jews turn inward and remember
  God will be their judge at the end of time.
• Yom Kippur is the Day of Atonement.
• It is a solemn day of fasting, when Jews seek
  reconciliation with God.
• They atone for their sins by asking forgiveness
  from God and anyone they have sinned against over
  the previous year.

66
Life-Cycle Rituals

• Brit Milah or Bris
• The Brit Milah, or Bris, is the rite of
  circumcision.
• It is performed when a baby boy is 8 days old.
• The circumcision is a sign on the body of Gods
  covenant with Abraham.
• It is also the time when a baby is given his
  Hebrew name.
• Parents of a baby girl can have a Simchat Bata
  ceremony in the synagogue where the baby receives
  her Hebrew name.

67

• Betrothal and Marriage
• Judaism strongly encourages people to marry.
• Before a wedding, a marriage contract is prepared
  to ensure that the husband will treat his wife
  respectfully and fulfill his obligations to her.
• The couple exchange rings under a canopy, which
  symbolizes the home they will make together.
• The ceremony ends with the recitation of seven
  blessings for the marriage.

68

• Death
• When a parent dies, a son or daughter recites a
  special prayer of sanctification called the
  kaddish every morning and evening for 11 months
  after the death.
• For seven days after a burial, mourners gather at
  one home and receive visitors, who often bring
  food so the grieving family does not have to
  worry about ordinary activities like cooking.

69
Chapter 4.4The Story of JudaismCommunity
Beliefs(pages 123-133)
70
The Jewish Community

• When the Temple was destroyed, Jews no longer had
  a centre of worship or a role for the high
  priest.
• There is no one person who can give a final
  interpretation of the Jewish tradition.
• Most Jews choose a rabbi or join a more
  structured community to help them observe their
  religion.

71

• The Synagogue
• After being exiled to Babylon, the Jews were
  dispersed among other nations.
• They set up synagogues so they would not be
  dependent on the Temple in Jerusalem.
• When the Temple was destroyed in 70 CE, more
  synagogues were built.
• Synagogues have two purposes
• they are places were Torah is taught
• they are places of worship outside Jerusalem

72

• The Synagogue
• The synagogue contains an ark, or cabinet, where
  the Torah scrolls are kept.
• The ark is usually on the eastern wall so the
  congregation face Jerusalem when they face the
  ark.
• The Torah is read from a raised platform, and the
  rabbi speaks from a pulpit to explain the Torah.
• A lamp is kept burning at all times to remind
  people that God is present.

73
Central Beliefs

• The Shema, Hear, O Israel, the Lord is our God,
  the Lord is one, is the most important
  confession of faith in Judaism.
• Jewish morning and evening prayers are built
  around this prayer.
• It sums up the Jewish scriptures, or Tanakh.
• The Tanakh has three parts Torah (or Teaching),
  Neviim (or Prophets), Ketuvim (or Writings).

74

• The Torah
• The Torah presents the teachings of Judaism in
  the form of a story.
• Genesis, the first book of the Torah, contains
  the two stories of creation.
• In the first story, God creates the world in 6
  days, creates humans on the 6th day, and rests on
  the 7th day, making that day holy.
• In the second story, God creates Adam and Eve,
  then banishes them from the garden of Eden when
  they eat the fruit of the forbidden tree.

75

• The Story of Abraham
• Genesis also tells the story of Abraham and his
  wife Sarah.
• God asks Abraham (then called Abram) to leave his
  home and go to a new land, where God will make
  him the father of a new people.
• Abrams faith in God is tested many times, but
  never wavers.
• The rest of Genesis tells the story of Gods
  faithfulness to his covenant with Abraham.

76
The Story of Moses

• The second book of the Torah is Exodus.
• The story picks up when Abrahams descendants,
  the children of Israel, had become slaves to the
  Egyptians.
• Moses was called by God, through the burning
  bush, to lead Gods people out of slavery.
• Moses showed Pharaoh the power of the Lord
  through the 10 plagues, then Pharaoh agreed to
  let people of Israel go.
• When Pharaoh sent his chariots after them, the
  Red Sea parted to let the Israelites through, but
  drowned Pharaohs men.
• At Mount Sinai, God made a covenant with Moses
  and gave him the Ten Commandments and the rest of
  the Law.
• The Ten Commandments contain the most important
  instruction on how to live the covenant.

77

• The Story of David
• The story of David is in the book of Kings.
• David was Israels second king and he united all
  the tribes into one kingdom.
• Davids son Solomon built the Temple in Jerusalem.

78
The Talmud

• The Talmud is the second most important Jewish
  sacred writing.
• It is a huge book of civil and religious laws and
  ethical teachings.
• It contains layer upon layer of interpretations
  of the Torah made by rabbis between the 1st and
  5th centuries.
• It is a written record of the oral Torah (the
  Halakhah).
• The Halakhah contains prescribed ways to apply
  the commandments in the Torah to daily life.
• It includes laws about ritual purity, such as
  what foods cannot be eaten, and other impure
  things to avoid.

79

• These laws were first kept by priests in the
  Temple in Jerusalem.
• Later, the Pharisees also kept them, and these
  ritual laws of purity became part of Jewish life.
• After the second defeat by the Romans in 135 CE,
  the rabbis began to write down and interpret the
  oral Torah, and this written material became the
  Talmud.
• This process happened in two different places by
  different rabbis, so there are two versions of
  the Talmud.
• The more extensive, most commonly used version is
  called the Babylonian Talmud.

80
Chapter 4.5The Story of JudaismMorality/Family
Life(pages 134-140)
81
Morality

• The Ten Commandments
• Jewish moral life is a response to Gods covenant
  with the Jewish people at Mount Sinai.
• Keeping the covenant means following Gods
  mitzvot, or guidance.
• The Ten Commandments are at the heart of this
  guidance.
• Religious Jews also try to follow as many of the
  other mitzvot as they can, from the Torah, oral
  law, Talmud, and Rabbinic law.

82

• Sin
• Sinning is a failure to follow the mitzvot.
• It is a breaking of the covenant.
• In the days of the Temple, rituals and sacrifices
  were carried out to repair the covenant
  relationship.
• Today, Jews atone and repent for sin on Yom
  Kippur.

83

• Sexuality
• All forms of Judaism see sexuality as a blessing
  from God.
• The Halakhah states that sexuality is to be
  celebrated and enjoyed only in marriage.
• The Talmud permits abortion only when the
  mothers life is in danger.
• Reform Jews usually share some of the sexual
  values of the culture they live in.

84
Family Life

• Shabbat in the Home
• The Shabbat meal and prayers take place in the
  home at sunset on Friday.
• The mother lights two Shabbat candles and says a
  silent prayer for the well-being of her husband
  and children.
• Before the meal, a parent holds a special cup of
  wine and recites the kiddush, a prayer that
  welcomes and sanctifies Shabbat.
• At the end of Shabbat on Saturday night, a
  blessing is recited thanking God for the division
  between Shabbat and the rest of the week.
• There are many rules to be followed on Shabbat,
  such as no work is to be done, and no lights or
  electrical devices are to be switched on or used.
• Orthodox Jews strictly observe these rules, while
  Conservative Jews interpret them more loosely and
  Reform Jews may not feel bound to observe them.

85

• Keeping Kosher
• There are many rules about how to keep a kosher
  diet.
• They include not eating pork or shellfish, and
  not eating dairy products and meat in the same
  meal, among others.
• Some homes that keep kosher have separate sets of
  dishes, pots, and utensils for dairy and meat.
• Kosher laws are complex but are second nature to
  Jews who have grown up with them.

86
The Jewish Family and Community Welcome and
Outreach

• Hospitality is a key feature of Judaism.
• For Jews, it is an honour to welcome guests into
  the home.
• Jews also practise hospitality by helping others
  in the community and being active in causes that
  benefit all people.
• Judaism emphasizes the concept of tikkun olam
  (repairing the world).

87

• Interreligious Dialogue
• Judaism and the Catholic Church
• Christianity understands itself as coming out of
  Judaism.
• Christianity has many common links with Judaism,
  such as through scripture, rituals, and values.
• Judaism must be Christianitys first partner in
  dialogue.
• Christianity has found joy in rediscovering
  Judaism, its older relative.

88
Shalom