Diapositiva 1

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GRIDS
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• Windows
• Windows have a recent origin the first
  dwellings of human beings, like caves and piles,
  had only an entry. With the passing time there
  was the need for an openness for the air flowing
  and for light, so the people made a hole in the
  roof of their dwellings in order to have a
  constant change of air and ,contemporarily, to
  protect themselves from climate ( both rigid or
  too hot) and eventually intruders.
• To us it seems a distant history, but there,
  nowadays too, people, who are not to build
  windows even if they have constructive habits.
• In the ages windows were adapted and to climatic
  conditions and to different requirements
  according to the building functions and the
  architectural styles.

• These requirements gave birth to the frame
  structures, including windows, doors and screens
  and all these structures are important not only
  for their specific functions, but also to
  determine its architectural style and let us know
  the age they pertain to.

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For our temperate climate the windows are never
accompanied by other ventilation opening since
winter is not too rigid and the hot season is not
so hot.
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• there is , in some cases, the necessity to
  protect us from the sunlight and this created the
  starting point for formal invention areas full
  of windows matching openings for ventilation and
  shielding in fixed or movable slats of wood,
  aluminium or other materials, or grid openings in
  the wall for decoration and finishing of outside
  surfaces. These are called grids.
• The grid arrangement is, usually, used for fences
  or railings, or to soak up the rooms in which you
  want the air to circulate.
• The thinness of the grid walls makes them
  particularly sensible to a structure deformation
  , so that the mortar which link/ connect the
  bricks, therefore, must be rather elastic like
  the mortars which are not too rich of concrete or
  the mortar made only of lime. It should always be
  worked with wet bricks, because, since mortar has
  a volume smaller than brick, there is a high
  risk of burning, reducing, by this way, its
  strength. It is important too that the layer
  works with a great precision and cleanness, as
  irregularities may be very visible and grates
  difficult to be cleaned.
• The gratings are typical of tolls and dairy
  buildings, buildings which are very common in
  plains or on hills. Among the paleoindustrial
  architecture they have their own space, since
  they define a type born from a productive
  process, the one of the cheese (in particular of
  the Parmesan), that takes its shape in rural
  buildings between the seventieth and the early
  twentieth century.

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• Making cheese follows precise rules which define
  the initial shape of the toll a quadrangular
  plan with a pavilion roof. Made of bricks, the
  toll makes use of their qualities and induces
  the production of special pieces which can be
  found also in barns and are used for hay drying
  in winter and the evacuation of gases that may
  causes fires.
• The tolls, that at a casual glance can look
  like a curious peasant architectures, are the
  forerunners of the modern infill of the latest
  generation and, maybe, even richer of functions.
• In this case, the grids allow the control of
  lighting aimed at the maintaining of a constant
  half-light within the area of cheese production
  and allow the penetration of direct sunlight
  only in the early morning and just before the
  sunset. The gratings are also used for the air
  circulation inside the structure and to prevent,
  at the same time, the entry of insects which may
  induce a proliferation of bacteria and damage
  seriously the Parmesan.

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There are many types of gratings
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Grilled diamond with this arrangement the
horizontal pitch following its normal texture
walls, while the vertical will be inaccurate,
unless the bricks are not inclined to cut to size
or its mortar joints, triangular, not be lightly
overstaffed.
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Courses staggered brick integers the strength
decreases with increasing width of the wall
voids. Typically the bricks overlap by one
quarter, leaving a gap of a head. Where the
masonry barbecue joins with the wall normal, you
can leave large gaps in the grid a quarter of a
brick or you will cut a quarter of alternate rows
of brick perimeter walls.
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Grilled list with bricks and knives orthogonal
you start placing two bricks vertically by a
small amount of mortar and proceed by connecting
them with a brick of pot. Third brick is laid
with a knife before connecting to another brick
flat and so on, constantly checking alignment and
verticality.
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Bias the bricks should be placed at an angle
with one edge aligned with the front of the
opposite wall with the back face .
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Grilled alternate courses in the most common
alternate courses of bricks and a whole course of
half brick. In this way retains the texture of
normal provision for coating walls with all the
pieces arranged for listing and is therefore easy
to insert this grid into the wall drawing.
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Report by Alice Colombini
Protruding
Accordion
Grilled cross
Gratings for plots
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BARNS
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BARNS