Language Development and Linguistic Diversity

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Language Development and Linguistic Diversity

• Kathryn Oswood, Linda Jodock, Star Miller

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Personal Outcome

• To understand how children learn language
• To investigate the positive and negative impacts
  of second-language learning
• To better serve students with language disorders

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Biological Foundations

• Language is predominantly associated with the
  left hemisphere of the brain.
• Wernickes Area
• Affects comprehension in speech that is heard and
  text that is read.
• Brocas Area
• Affects the production of language through
  speaking or writing.
• Individual differences in language ability are
  due to genetics.
• Critical Periods for Language Development
• Lenneberg proposed that language must be acquired
  before adolescence.
• Speed of Acquisition Relative to the Amount of
  Input for Language Development
• Children acquire language with little intervention

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Language Acquisition

• Comprehension and production of language involves
  a variety of skills.
• Speech Perception
• Speech Production and Phonological Development
• Lexical Development
• Semantic Development
• Grammatical and Syntactical Development
• Pragmatic Development
• Metalinguistic Development

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Prelinguistic Development

• Speech Perception
• Phonemes
• See Table 7.1 for vowel and consonant phonemes in
  English
• Speech Production
• Babbling

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Prelinguistic Development Speech Perception and
Production
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Phonological Impairment
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Language Development Deafness
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Semantic Development

• Referential Style
• One-word utterances that refer to objects
• Expressive Style
• One-word expressions of emotion, feeling, and
  action
• Vocabulary Growth
• Fast Mapping
• A child understands a word in one exposure
• Extended Mapping
• A child understands a word after multiple
  exposures

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Semantic Development
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Semantic Development
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Syntactic Development

• Morphemes
• Small units of language that convey meaning.
• Unbound morphemes
• Words that can stand alone
• Dog, fire, tractor
• Bound morphemes
• Cannot stand alone
• Prefixes, suffixes
• MLU
• Mean Length of Utterance
• The length of a childs utterances calculated in
  morphemes.
• See Figure 7.2, page 196

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Syntactic Development

• Stage 1
• Telegraphic Speech
• Doggie run
• Stage 2
• Overregularization
• goed instead of went
• Stage 3
• Use of negatives
• I not eating
• Stage 4 and 5
• Compound and complex sentences and passive
  constructions
• The teddy and the doll are going to play.
• You betternt do that.

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Syntactic Development
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Syntactic Development
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Pragmatic Development

• The ability to understand the perspective of
  others contributes to the ability to communicate
  with others in dialogue.

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Pragmatic Development
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Metalinguistic Awareness

• Metasyntax
• Discrimination of syntactically correct sentences
  from incorrect ones
• Metalexical / Metasemantic
• Understanding the nature of a word
• Metaphonological
• Awareness that words are composed of separable
  sounds
• Alphabetic Principle
• Understanding that letters represent sounds

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Metalinguistic Awareness
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Bilingualism and Cognitive Development
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Nature and Effects on Bilinguals
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Social Consequences of Education
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Effective Classroom Practices
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Cognitive Differences in Deaf and Hearing-Normal
Individuals
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Connection to Learning Theory Stages versus
Continuous Development
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Connection to Learning TheoryNature versus
Nurture
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Connection to Learning TheoryLasting versus
Transient

• Lack of exposure to language of any kind, oral or
  sign, will negatively impact language
  development. Early exposure is essential.

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Conclusions
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Recommendations Speech and Language Pathologist
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Recommendations ELL
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Recommendations for Further Reading
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References

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