Chapter 5: From Royalty to Independence

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Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 5 From Royalty to Independence,
1752-1783 Part 1 Study Presentation Mr.
Smiths Classes
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Georgia and the American Experience

• Section 1 The Colonial Period
• Section 2 Georgia Becomes a Royal
  Colony

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Section 1 The Colonial Period

• Essential Question
• What were the similarities and differences
  between the three colonial regions in terms of
  political, economic, and socio-religious
  development?

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Section 1 The Colonial Period

• What words do I need to know?
• New England Colonies
• Middle Colonies
• Southern Colonies
• apprentice
• puritans

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Comparing the Colonies
New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies
Land and Climate cold rugged terrain with rocky soil milder climate rich soils mildest climate rich soils
Farming small family farms larger farms wheat large plantations tobacco, rice, silk, indigo
Other Industry shipbuilding, whaling, fishing, and furniture building manufacturing, mining, textiles, shipbuilding casks and barrels from longleaf pine forests
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Colonial Transportation and Communication

• Boats used for shipping and transportation
• Stagecoaches were available, but slow mode of
  transportation
• Ships traveled to ports along the coast
• Many old Indian trails were used
• Newspapers read in cities news often old when it
  arrived in rural areas

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The Royal Navy made ocean travel safe for English
ships.
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Education in the Colonies

• Schooling took place in home or church boys were
  taught practical skills
• Girls learned homemaking skills
• Apprentices learned specific skills from master
  craftsmen (artisans)
• First public schools began in New England only
  boys attended
• Wealthy families in South hired private tutors or
  had their sons schooled in Europe
• Primitive Old Field Schools opened for boys
  from common families

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Religion in Colonial Georgia

• Anglican Church, or Church of England, made
  official church of Georgia colony in 1758
• Church attendance expected shorter sermons and
  music common
• Moravians and Jews also practiced religion in
  Georgia
• Catholics were not welcome in GA

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Leisure Activities in Southern Colonies

• Fox hunting, horse races, week-long parties with
  friends and relatives popular
• Food central to large social gatherings
• Childrens games jump rope, hoops, tennis,
  London bridge, hopscotch, leap frog, yo-yos and
  puzzles
• Storytelling

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Romance and Marriage

• Girls often married in their early teens
• Courtships took place at dances, church, or
  during supervised home visits
• Weddings were a day-long affair with great
  celebrations
• Some wealthy families arranged marriages for
  business gain
• Husbands were expected to provide wives could
  not own property

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Section 2 Georgia Becomes A Royal Colony

• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• What political forces shaped Georgia after it
  became a royal colony?

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Section 2 Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony

• What words do I need to know?
• proprietary colony
• royal colony
• parish
• French and Indian War
• palisades
• cracker
• independence

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Change in Colonial Government Status

• Proprietary Colony governed by a Board of
  Trustees
• Georgia ceased to be Proprietary Colony in 1752
• Royal Colony colony directly governed by the
  King
• Georgia became a Royal Colony in 1752 some
  people returned to Georgia who had left the
  colony while it was proprietary

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The First Royal Government

• Naval Captain John Reynolds, first royal
  governor, arrived in 1754
• Reynolds introduced the idea of self-government
• Bicameral legislature set up Commons House of
  Assembly (Lower House) and Governors Council
  (Upper House)
• Court of Conscience settled disputes overseen by
  justice of the peace
• Only people owning 50 or more acres of land could
  vote

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North America, 1754

• Spain claimed Florida and Mexico
• France claimed land from Louisiana to the Great
  Lakes, and parts of Canada New Orleans (south)
  and Detroit (north) anchored French settlements
• Great Britain had established the 13 colonies
  along the Atlantic coast

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Maine New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island
Connecticut New York New Jersey
Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North
Carolina South Carolina Georgia
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French and Indian War Origins

• France and Great Britain wanted the treasures of
  the American continent
• Both countries feared the other would gain the
  most power
• France had the stronger army with more
  experienced leadership British had better navy
• Both sides were allied with certain Indian tribes

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In the French and Indian War, France had the
stronger army and Britain had the stronger navy.
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The French and Indian War

• Both sides claimed the Ohio River Valley area
  (more than 200,000 square miles)
• The French built several forts in the area many
  Indians sided with the French
• The Virginia governor sent Captain George
  Washington with soldiers to Fort Necessity (near
  todays Pittsburgh) a battle erupted
• The war soon spread to Europe by 1758, the
  British controlled the Ohio Valley
• The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war France
  gave up Canada to Great Britain
• Sometimes considered the first world war

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Georgia and the Wars Aftermath

• Treaty of Paris set Georgias western boundary at
  the Mississippi River
• Proclamation of 1763 (King George III) Georgias
  southern boundary set at St. Marys River
  Georgia colonists could not settle west of the
  Appalachian Mountains
• Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land claims
  north of Augusta and in the coastal region

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Georgias First Assembly

• First met in Savannah in 1755
• Passed bills to repair and build roads
• Organized a militia
• Codes created to limit rights of slaves
• Governor Reynolds was replaced in 1757 by Captain
  Henry Ellis

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Governor Henry Ellis

• Believed Savannah was one the worlds hottest
  places
• Colonists immigrated to Georgia from South
  Carolina and the West Indies
• Offered large land grants and slavery increased
  (3,600 slaves by 1759)
• The economy flourished more farms and goods to
  buy
• In 1761, Ellis became royal governor of Nova
  Scotia, in Canada

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Governor James Wright

• Wanted to expand Georgias western
• lands to settlers
• Completed Savannahs defenses by strengthening
  forts and building palisades (fences made of
  sharpened stakes)
• Sunbury became Georgias official port of entry
• Land purchases increased greatly
• More schools established, but for upper class
  children

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Georgia Crackers

• People from Virginia and the Carolinas settled
  into middle and western parts of the colony
• Plantation owners viewed them as undesirable
  people
• Soon, these lower class peoples were called
  crackers, which was meant as an insult
• Crackers were not welcome and thought of as ones
  who did not obey the colonys laws
• Poor white trash

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Crackers was a derogatory term for poor whites.