Reproduction

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Reproduction and Development
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Do now Arrange the following terms to come up
with an idea map about sex cells.

• very small no tail present egg
• sex cells large formed in testes
• sperm tail allows it to swim
• formed in ovaries egg

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Compare you answers

• formed
  tail
• sperm in
  very allows it
• testes
  small to swim
• sex cells
• formed
  
• egg in
  large no tail
  ovaries
  present

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Human egg and sperm cells
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Types of Reproduction

• Asexual reproduction
• - involves just one parent and results in one or
  more offspring that are genetically identical to
  that of the parent
• Sexual reproduction
• - involves two parents and results in offspring
  that have some genetic material (DNA) from each
  parent
• - results in organism that may be similar to one
  or both parents, but is not identical to them

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Cell Division

• the orderly separation of one cell into two
• before a cell divides, the genetic information in
  the DNA of the cells is duplicated exactly
• one copy of this information is distributed to
  each new cell
• each new cell has all the information it needs to
  function properly

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Chromosome duplication resulting from DNA
replication
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How are photocopying and mitosis similar?
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Chromosome during mitosis
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Mitosis

• the process by which a cells genetic material
  divides, creating two complete sets of the cells
  genetic material
• produces two cells that each have a full set of
  identical genes and chromosomes (unless a
  mutation occurs along the way)

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Benefits of mitosis

• Mitosis helps us grow by producing new cells.
• Mitosis replaces cells lost through cell death
  and injury.

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Meiosis

• the process divides the genetic material in a
  way that results in the production of the sex
  cells (the egg and the sperm) required by
  organisms that reproduce sexually
• each sex cell has only half of the genetic
  material needed for a cell to function
• a type of cell reproduction that is important to
  the passing on of traits to offspring

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Cell reproduction by meiosis
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Compare the products of meiosis between human
male and female sex cells
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How much have you learned?

• When complex plants are produced by cloning,
  which process is most directly involved?
• A. mitotic cell division
• B. meiotic cell division
• C. gamete production
• D. sperm fertilization

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• 2. If a lobster loses its claw, it is capable of
  growing a new one. What process makes this
  possible?
• A. meiosis
• B. fertilization
• C. sexual reproduction
• D. mitosis

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• 3. Organisms that reproduce asexually do so by a
  form of cell division called
• A. meiosis
• B. mitosis
• C. gamete formation
• D. sperm formation

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• 4. A normal body cell of a fruit fly contains
  eight chromosomes. Each normal gamete of this
  organism contains
• A. four chromosomes as a result of
• meiosis
• B. four chromosomes as a result of
• mitosis
• C. eight chromosomes as a result of
• meiosis
• D. eight chromosomes as a result of
• mitosis

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• 5. The process of mitotic cell division normally
  results in the production of
• A. four cells with half the number of
• chromosomes as the parent
• B. two cells with the same number of
• chromosomes as the parent
• C. two cells with only one chromosome
• from each parent
• D. one cell with a replicated set of
• matched chromosome

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• 6. Each of the two daughter (or offspring) cells
  that result from the normal mitotic division of
  the original parent cell contains
• A. the same number of chromosomes but
• different genes than the parent cell
• B. the same number of chromosomes and
• genes identical to those of the parent
  cell
• C. one half of the number of chromosomes but
• different genes than those of the parent
  cell
• D. one half of the number of chromosomes and
• genes identical to those of the parent

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• 7. The species chromosome number of orangutans is
  48. Which diagram represents normal fertilization
  in orangutans?
• A B C
  D

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• 8. Which process is represented in the following
  photograph?
• A. mitotic cell division
• B. zygote formation
• C. fertilization
• D. recombination

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• 9. All types of asexual reproduction involve the
  process known as
• A. mitosis
• B. fertilization
• C. meiotic division
• D. aging

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• 10. If the sperm cells of a fish have 12
  chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be found
  in the cells forming the scales of the fish?
• A. 6
• B. 12
• C. 24
• D. 48