Welcome to DICOM Public Seminar

1
Welcome to DICOM Public Seminar Day 3, Singapore
Meeting
We would like to thank A-STAR for hosting this
event! We would also like to thank MatrixView for
sponsoring the lunch!
Not the first time for DICOM to meet in Asia, but
definitely the first time in Singapore! Exceptiona
lly good program that offers something for
everyone!
2
Introduction to DICOM

• DICOM history
• Other Standards
• Scope of DICOM
• Technology Overview
• DICOM Working Groups

Arvind Thiagarajan Member- WG 4, DSC Chief
Scientist, Matrixview
3
ACR-NEMA

• 1982 - ACR and NEMA form a joint committee
• 1985 - Publication of Version 1.0
• 1988 - Compression and Mag Tape Standards
• 1988 - Publication of Version 2.0
• 1989 - Began work on Network Version with HIS/RIS
  

First meeting organized by ACR and NEMA in 1983
4
DICOM

• The name was changed to separate the standard
  from the originating body
• 1991 - Release of Parts 1 and 8 of DICOM
• 1992 - RSNA demonstration, Part 8
• 1993 - DICOM Parts 1-9 approved,
  RSNA demonstration of ALL parts
• 1994 - Part 10 Media Storage and File Format
• 1995 - Parts 11,12, and 13 plus Supplements

First successful DICOM Standard issued in 1993
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Communication Standards

• Protocols are defined by standards
• A Standard is an agreement which may be
  voluntary, Government mandated, or International
  Law
• Protocols may also be proprietary
• Who Defines Communication Standards?
• User Consortia (e.g., HL7)
• Organizations (e.g., NEMA, IEEE)
• US Government Agencies (e.g., ANSI, NIST)
• Foreign Government Agencies (e.g., CEN)
• United Nations (e.g., ISO, CCITT)

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DICOMs Relationship to Other Standards

• The initial version leveraged on prior work by
  ASTM.
• The Internet protocol TCP/IP adopted in 1993.
• In the nineties, solid cooperation with CEN, the
  European Committee for Standardization
• Convergence of a Japanese interchange media
  format (ISC) JIRA, the Japan Industries
  Association of Radiological Systems
• Coordination efforts with the ANSI-HISBB in the
  USA
• Started progressively to define links with HL7
  resulting in joint DICOM-HL7 working group.
• Type A liaison with the ISO Technical Committee
  215 at its creation in 1999

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Communication Protocols Key to Connectivity

• Layered Model, each layer performs a specific
  function
• Set of Services and Protocols
• Connectivity requires sharing of a complete
  protocol
• Communication requires a shared Semantic Context

8
ISO Reference Model
File Transfer, E-mail, HTTP
APPLICATION
Upper Layers (DICOM)
Data Formatting, Compression,Encryption
PRESENTATION
Synchronization,Comm. Management
SESSION
End-to-End communication
TRANSPORT
Internetworking
NETWORK
Lower Layers
LLC
DATA LINK
MAC
Ethernet, FDDI, etc.
PHYSICAL
Fiber, Coax, UTP, µWave
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Scope of DICOM

• To create maintain international standards for
  communication of biomedical diagnostic and
  therapeutic information in disciplines that use
  digital images associated data
• To achieve compatibility to improve workflow
  efficiency between imaging systems other
  information systems in healthcare environments
  worldwide.
• DICOM is a cooperative standard
• Every major diagnostic medical imaging vendor in
  the world has incorporated the standard into
  their product design
• Most of the professional societies throughout the
  world have supported are participating in the
  enhancement of the standard as well

DICOM is the ONLY standard in the world that
covers the exchange of medical images
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Scope of DICOM

• DICOM is used or will soon be used by virtually
  every medical profession that utilizes images
  within the healthcare industry.
• These include
• Cardiology
• Dentistry
• Endoscopy
• Mammography
• Opthamology
• Orthopedics
• Pathology
• Pediatrics
• Radiation therapy
• Radiology
• Surgery, etc.
• Initiatives are underway to add image guided
  surgery, pathology and veterinary practice

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The Parts of the DICOM Standard

• Part 1 - Introduction and Overview
• Part 2 - Conformance
• Part 3 - Information Object Definitions
• Part 4 - Service Class Definitions
• Part 5 - Data Structures Semantics
• Part 6 - Data Element Listing and Typing
• Part 7 - Message Exchange Protocol
• Part 8 - Network Support for Message Exchange

• Part 10 Media Storage and File Format for Media
  Interchange
• Part 11 Media Storage Application Profiles
• Part 12 Media Formats and Physical Media for
  Media Interchange
• Part 14 Grayscale Standard Display Function
• Part 15 Security and System Management Profiles
• Part 16 Content Mapping Resource
• Part 17 Explanatory Information
• Part 18 Web Access to DICOM Persistent Objects
  (WADO)

More than 100 supplements (extensions) to the
Standard provide additional capabilities
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Technology Overview

• DICOM Functionality Service Classes
• Archive/Transfer Images Store (across network)
• Archive/Interchange Images Media Storage
• Query for Information Retrieve Images
• Make Image Hardcopies Print Management
• Patient, Study Results Management
• RIS-Modality Worklist Management
• Test Connectivity Verification

13
Technology Overview

• At the application layer, the services and
  information objects address five primary areas of
  functionality
• Transmission and persistence of complete objects
  (such as images, waveforms and documents)
• Query and retrieval of such objects
• Performance of specific actions (such as printing
  images on film)
• Workflow management (support of worklists and
  status information)
• Quality and consistency of image appearance (both
  for display and print)

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The DICOM Standards Committee Working Groups
WG1 Cardiac and Vascular Information WG12 Ultrasound
WG2 Digital X-Ray WG13 Visible Light
WG3 Nuclear Medicine WG14 Security
WG4 Compression WG15 Digital Mammography
WG5 Exchange Media WG16 Magnetic Resonance
WG6 Base Standard WG17 3D
WG7 Radiotherapy WG18 Clinical Trials and Education
WG8 Structured Reporting WG19 Dermatologic Standards
WG9 Ophthalmology WG20 Integration of Imaging and Information Systems
WG10 Strategic Advisory WG21 Computed Tomography
WG11 Display Function Standard WG-22 Dentistry
WG-23 Application Hosting
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• Various presentations throughout the day will
  touch on most of DICOM topics.
• To learn more, come to the DICOM 2005
  International Conference and Workshop in
  Budapest -- September 26 - 28, 2005.
• To find current information,visit DICOM Web Page
  at http//medical.nema.org/    or   
  http//dicom.nema.org/    (No "www")
• Specific, technical questions can be addressed
  to  http//groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.proto
  cols.dicom?hlen