HEALTH BEHAVIOURS

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HEALTHBEHAVIOURS
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What Is Health?
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The Multifactorial Determinants of Health
Exercise Smoking Substance abuse Diet Sexual
behaviour Risk-taking Hygiene
Behavioural
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The Multifactorial Determinants of Health
Genetic/hereditary Aging
Biological
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The Multifactorial Determinants of Health
Housing Sanitation/hygiene Pollution Accidents Inf
ections Occupational hazards
Environmental
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The Multifactorial Determinants of Health
Social class Income Education
Socio-economic
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The Multifactorial Determinants of Health
Medical care
Access to good services Screening
services Immunisation
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Health Behaviour
  Health behaviours include overt and
covertbehaviour patterns, actions and habits
thathave a positive or negative influence on
anindividuals physical, mental and
socialwell-being
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Health Behaviour
Health behaviour patterns are influenced byand
reflect personal beliefs, expectations,motives,
values, perceptions, personalitycharacteristics
and affective states, socialstructures and
processes, and environmentalsocietal, economic,
and cultural determinants
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Health Behaviour
Health behaviour patterns may, in
turn,themselves influence these personal,
socialand environmental attributes.
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A Typology of Health BehavioursKolbe (1984)
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A Typology of Health BehavioursKolbe (1984)
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A Typology of Health BehavioursKolbe (1984)
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A Typology of Health BehavioursKolbe (1984)
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A Typology of Health BehavioursKolbe (1984)
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Health-related vs Health-directed Behaviours
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Social-Cognitive Theories
Behaviour is goal-directed Behaviour is a
function of peoplesbeliefs and
expectations People make conscious
decisionsbased upon their beliefs and
expectations Beliefs and expectations are a
functionof ones social environment
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The Health Belief ModelRosenstock (1966) Becker
Maiman (1975)
People will not engage in preventive health
behavioursunless

• They possess some minimal level of health
  knowledge
• They view themselves as susceptible to some
  condition
• They view the condition as threatening
• They are convinced as to the efficacy of
  compliance
• They see few difficulties or barriers in
  undertaking the action

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The Health Belief Model

• Susceptibility to illness
• Severity of the condition
• Benefits of action
• Barriers to action

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Likelihood of taking action
The HealthBelief Model
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Janz Becker (1984)
Preventive health behaviours Sick-role
behaviours Clinic utilization
Substantial support for the modelacross 40
studies
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Janz Becker (1984) Significance Ratios
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JANZ BECKER (1984) Significance Ratios
Overall Ratios Susceptibility .77 Severity .59 B
enefits .81 Barriers .91
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Harrison et al. (1992)Meta-analysis of HBM
studies

• Only 16 studies met inclusion criteria
• Variance accounted for by any single dimension
  ranged from 1 to lt 10
• Questions raised about the utility of the model

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Conceptual Problems
Systematic relations among the constructs
never formally spelt out
(Benefits Costs)
Influence of any one variable is not affected
byany other variable
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Conceptual Problems
Threat susceptibility severity
Susceptibility
High
Low
a
b
Low
Severity
c
d
High
Health beliefs must interact to produce outcomes
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Three Types of Belief
Outcome expectancy It will/will not produce the
outcome
Efficacy expectancy I can/cant do it
Personal value I want/dont want the outcome
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Types of Belief in the HBM
Outcome expectancy
Benefits of action
Efficacy expectancy
Barriers to action?
Personal value
Severity of condition