Rangeland Management Before, During, and After Drought - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Rangeland Management Before, During, and After Drought

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Title: Rangeland Management Before, During, and After Drought


1
Rangeland Management Before, During, and After
Drought
  • Larry D. Howery
  • Rangeland Forest Resources Program
  • School of Renewable Natural Resources
  • The University of Arizona, Tucson

2
Road Map
  • Drought Defined
  • General Information on Drought Management
  • Grazing Management Before Drought
  • Grazing Management During Drought
  • Grazing Management After Drought
  • Summary

3
Drought Defined
  • prolonged dry weather when precipitation is
    less than 75 of the average amount. (SRM 1989)
    Using this definition, drought occurred from
    1944-1984 in
  • 13 of the years in the northwestern US
  • 21 of the years in the northern great plains
  • 27 of the years in the southern great plains
  • 43 of the years in the southwestern US

4
Drought Defined
Precipitation Data (inches) for Springerville,
AZ, 1890-1997
--------
average
drought
5
General Information on Drought Management
Livestock managers use domestic livestock to
market forage production on rangelands
  • Drought negatively affects individual plants and
    therefore forage production (Plants get thirsty
    and hungry during drought!)
  • Above ground response
  • Below ground response

6
General Information on Drought Management (cont.)
  • Range condition can limit or accelerate drought
    impacts rangeland in good condition
  • Is less adversely affected by drought
  • Recovers faster after drought breaks

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7
General Information on Drought Management (cont.)
Range condition going into drought is important
8
General Information on Drought Management (cont.)
  • Intensity of grazing can limit or accelerate
    drought impacts

Intensity,
9
General Information on Drought Management (cont.)
Grazing can limit the ability of plants to
extract soil moisture
ungrazed
2-4
properly grazed
overgrazed
20-25 soil saturated
10-12
8-10
6-8
Information taken from NRCS
10
General Information on Drought Management (cont.)
Timing of grazing can be important
properly grazed
overgrazed
11
Grazing Management Before Drought
Drought management needs to be considered on a
case-by-case basis
  • Effective stocking rate is important
  • Implement a grazing system that promotes stable
    or improved range condition via periodic
    deferment or rest to establish forage reserves
  • Adequate plant cover and residual vegetation are
    important

12
Grazing Management Before Drought (cont.)
Adequate ground cover increases moisture
infiltration and percolation
Information taken from NRCS
Depth of water penetration 5 days after 2.5
inches of rain on a 10 slope
13
Grazing Management Before Drought
Adequate ground cover helps to
  • Increase infiltration and percolation
  • Protect soil from wind and water erosion
  • Decrease evaporation transpiration losses
  • Provide a more favorable micro-climate for
    seedling establishment

14
Grazing Management During Drought
Develop an annual, flexible timetable for making
decisions
  • Continue to maintain range condition and plant
    vigor to the extent possible
  • Monitor the use of key forage species and other
    forage resources (browse, annuals, other
    ephemerals)
  • Keep livestock distributed

15
Grazing Management During Drought (cont.)
  • Provide adequate, accessible, good-quality water
  • Once drought is recognized, reduce the herd as
    soon as possible so it is in balance with forage
    supply
  • Use emergency forage
  • Determine the amount of money that can be spent
    on animal feed and supplements

16
Grazing Management After Drought
Restock slowly and conservatively on a
case-by-case basis
  • Rest pastures for an entire growing season
  • Use pastures only when key forage species are
    dormant and when the least desirable species are
    green and palatable

17
Grazing Management After Drought (cont.)
  • Defer grazing until after key forage species have
    produced mature seed
  • Graze spring growth after grasses have reached
    the 4 to 5 leaf stage

18
SUMMARY
  • Droughts are a guaranteed but unpredictable
    occurrence in the arid western U. S.
  • Droughts are normal so advance planning is
    critical before drought occurs
  • During drought, delays in decision-making can
    lead to intensification of the problem, economic
    loss, and long-term damage to rangeland resources
  • After drought breaks, restock slowly and
    conservatively on a case-by-case basis
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