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Field Safety

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Title: Field Safety


1
Field Safety PPE
2
Health and Safety Issues
  • Categories of Risks
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  • Respiratory Protection
  • Dangers to Inspectors
  • Risk Anticipation and Planning
  • Risk Avoidance

3
Major Hazard Categories
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Physical
  • Fire/Explosion
  • Radiation
  • Other

Risks
4
What is a hazardous chemical?
  • Any chemical that is a health hazard or a
    physical hazard. 

Chemical
5
Introduction
  • Chemicals are the most common and significant
    health hazards
  • Chemicals can be hazardous for numerous reasons
    and can combine with other chemicals to make new
    hazards
  • All hazards must be taken into account when
    using and storing chemicals.

Chemical
6
Types of Chemicals
Chemicals may be found in solid, liquid, aerosol,
or gas and vapor form.
Chemical
Aerosols
Solids
Liquids
Vapors
7
Common Hazardous chemicals
  • Gasoline lighting a match
  • while pumping gasoline
  • could cause an explosion.
  • Bleach Splashing bleach in your face could burn
    your eyes.

Chemical
8
  • The degree of hazard associated with a particular
    chemical will depend on
  • Its physical properties
  • Its toxicity
  • The way it is used
  • The environment in which it is encountered.

Chemical
9
Routes of Chemical Exposure
  • Inhalation breathing
  • Ingestion swallowing
  • Absorption skin/eye
  • Injection punctures/cuts

Chemical
10
Toxicity
  • Acute vs. chronic effects
  • Dose response
  • Individual variation

Chemical
11
Physical Properties
  • Flammability
  • Reactivity
  • Corrosivity

Chemical
12
Major Hazard Categories
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Physical
  • Fire/Explosion
  • Radiation
  • Other

Risks
13
Micro Bio-Hazards
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi, including yeasts and molds
  • Blood borne pathogens
  • Parasites

Biohazards
14
Macro Bio-Hazards
  • Spiders
  • Snakes
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • People

Biohazards
15
Major Hazard Categories
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Physical
  • Fire/Explosion
  • Radiation
  • Other

Risks
16
Physical Risks From
  • Slip, Trip, Fall
  • Hearing and Eye Protection
  • Drum Handling
  • Pond, Stream, and Oil pit Sampling
  • Stack Sampling/inspection
  • Electrical
  • Heat Stress, Heat Stroke
  • Cold and Hypothermia

Physical
17
Drum Handling
  • Visually inspect for information and condition
  • Is Handling is the drum required?
  • If you must, handle drum properly.
  • Deteriorated Drums
  • Drum Opening
  • Never attempt open a bulging drum
  • Drum Sampling

Physical
18
Pond and Stream Sampling Safety
Physical
19
Slip, Trip, Fall, Machinery, Weather
  • Consult with facility escort
  • Heavy machinery restricts visibility
  • Weather conditions increase hazards
  • PPE greatly restricts field of view
  • Take care on ladders, watch your head
  • PPE creates trip hazards themselves

Physical
20
Physical Hazard Preparation
  • Noise or Eye hazards
  • Every inspector must a have hearing and eye
    protection before leaving on an inspection trip
  • Electrical Hazards
  • Wet surfaces create an electrical conduit, Be
    aware of high voltage signage at facilities
  • Radiation Hazards
  • Your pre-inspection planning should prepare you
    for field activities where radiation in a concern

Physical
21
Heat Stress, Heat Stroke, Hypothermia
  • High Temperature High Humidity Physical Works
    Heat Illness
  • Heat Stress
  • Heat Stroke
  • Hypothermia

Physical
22
Major Hazard Categories
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Physical
  • Fire/Explosion
  • Radiation
  • Other

Risks
23
Elements of Fire
  • Elements of Combustion (Fire Triangle)
  • All required for a fire to occur.
  • Trend is to include Chemical Reaction as fourth
    element (Fire Tetrahedron).

Fire/Explosion
24
Extinguishment Theory
  • Removing Heat
  • Removing Fuel
  • Reducing Oxygen
  • WILL
  • Inhibit Chemical
  • Chain Reaction

Fire/Explosion
25
Explosions
  • Extremely rapid combustion / chemical reaction
  • Explosive atmosphere may be triggered by spark
  • Legitimate reason to control access/equipment
  • Most caused by human error

Fire/Explosion
26
Major Hazard Categories
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Physical
  • Fire/Explosion
  • Radiation
  • Other

Risks
27
Types of Ionizing Radiation
Alpha Particles Stopped by a sheet of paper
Radiation Source
Beta Particles Stopped by a layer of clothing or
less than an inch of a substance (e.g. plastic)
Gamma Rays Stopped by inches to feet of
concrete or less than an inch of lead
28
Exposure vs. Contamination
  • External Exposure
  • External Contamination

Internal Contamination
29
Major Hazard Categories
  • Chemical
  • Biological
  • Physical
  • Fire/Explosion
  • Radiation
  • Other

Risks
30
(No Transcript)
31
PERSONAL PROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT (PPE)
32
Personal Protective Equipment
  • Required when engineering or administrative
    controls are inadequate.
  • Must be properly selected and worn.
  • Training is required.
  • Pre-Job analysis
  • Hazard Assessment

33
Selection of PPE
  1. The type of hazard(s)
  2. The adverse effects of exposure
  3. If other controls can be used
  4. Performance characteristics of PPE
  5. The need for decontamination
  6. The ergonomic constraints
  7. Costs of various options
  8. Selection

34
HAZARDOUS WASTE PPELevels of Protection
Level Respiratory Protection Chemical Suit
A Supplied Air Gas Tight Suit
B Supplied Air Splash Suit
C Air purifying respirator Splash Suit
D None None
35
TYPES OF PPE
  • Head protection
  • Eye face protection
  • Hand skin protection
  • Hearing protection
  • Foot protection
  • Protective clothing
  • Respiratory protection

36
Head Protection
  • Hard Hats (Safety Helmets)
  • Falling objects
  • Bumping head against fixed objects, such as
    exposed pipes or beams
  • Contact with exposed electrical conductors
  • Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D

37
Eye and Face Protection
  • Safety Glasses (minimum requirement)
  • Goggles - better protection for chemicals,
  • splashes, dusts, or projectiles.
  • Face Shield - better for splashes
  • or projectiles
  • Chemical Splash Hood
  • shoulder length or longer

38
Hand and Skin Protection
  • Gloves / sleeves
  • General duty
  • Cotton, leather
  • Sharp objects
  • Leather, kevlar
  • Cuts
  • Kevlar
  • Chemical
  • Multiple types

39
Types of Hearing Protectors
Earmuffs
Canal Caps
Earplugs
40
Foot Protection
  • Footwear classified by impact and compression
    resistance
  • Special footwear types
  • Metatarsal (protects top of foot)
  • Conductive (primarily for static electricity
    control)
  • Electrical hazard (insulated)
  • Sole puncture resistance

41
Protective Clothing
  • Clothing types
  • Coveralls
  • Splash ("acid") suits
  • Totally-encapsulating chemical-protective suit
    ("moon suits")
  • Firefighters "turnout" gear
  • Protective sleeves
  • Aprons
  • Shoe covers, etc.

42
PPE Limitations
  • Worker Dependent
  • Improper Selection
  • Improper Use
  • PPE Failure
  • Permeation
  • Degradation
  • Penetration
  • Ergonomic Issues
  • Decrease productivity and comfort
  • Heat Stress
  • Restricted dexterity, movement, vision

43
Decontamination
  • Removing or neutralizing contaminants that have
    accumulated on personnel and equipment.
  • It is very important to break the contaminant
    pathway between these sites and your hotel,
    office or home.
  • The degree of decontamination with vary from site
    to site.
  • Selection of Personal Protective
    equipment/clothing
  • Clean work practices
  • Decon Plan

44
Respiratory Protection
45
If you are required to wear a respirator,
  • You will be required to
  • Have a medical evaluation
  • Attend respirator use training
  • Pass a respirator fit test

46
Respiratory Hazards
  • Inhalation of
  • Particulates Vapors
  • Sprays Mists
  • Fogs Smoke
  • Gases Dusts
  • Entry into confined spaces
  • Working in a toxic or oxygen deficient environment

47
Types of Respirators
  • Air-Purifying
  • Filters (for particulates)
  • Cartridges (for gases or vapors) - may have
    filters, too
  • Canisters (used with gas masks -- large
    capacity)
  • Oxygen must be gt 19.5
  • Atmosphere-Supplying
  • Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
  • Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

48
Hearing Protection (85 dBA)
  • Purpose
  • Prevent Hearing Loss by Reducing Noise Exposure
  • Types
  • Earplugs
  • Earmuffs
  • Semi-Aural Devices
  • Double Protection (add 5dB)

49
Foot Protection
  • Foot injury due to
  • inadequate footwear and
  • a falling object

50
Dressed for Success!
51
Proper Use
  • Select the appropriate type of clothing or
    equipment (e.g. gloves, respirators, LEV)
    according to Hazard Assessment performed by
    supervisor for PPE.
  • Properly maintain and store personal protective
    equipment after use.
  • Replace defective or damaged personal protective
    equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, or
    respirator components.

52
Summary
  • PPE appropriate for use with one substance may be
    totally inappropriate for use with another
    substance (e.g. respirators, gloves).
  • Inappropriate use of personal protective
    equipment may result in unnecessary exposures or
    injury
  • Know the expected service life of personal
    protective equipment and replace it as necessary.
  • Respirator cartridge life is limited
  • Likewise, gloves will provide protection for only
    specific periods of time breakthrough occurs.

53
Risk Anticipation
  • Training required
  • Anticipate variety of situations
  • Prepare general and specific Health and Safety
    Plans
  • Know First Aid
  • Listen to facility safety officers

54
Risk Avoidance
  • Ask Do I really need to go there?
  • Seek advice from facility on risks
  • Consider engineering controls
  • Telephoto lenses
  • Long distance observation
  • Make the facility do the dangerous work

55
Safety
  • Hazardous Samples
  • Preservatives
  • Heat / Cold / Sun
  • Sampling Equipment
  • Chemical Releases
  • Confined Spaces
  • Driving
  • Trip and Fall
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