Title: Biome- large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climax community
1Sect. 3.2--Biomes
Biome- large group of ecosystems that share the
same type of climax community
-Two basic types of biomes 1. Aquatic biomes
(75 of the Earth) --Marine (saltwater) --Fre
shwater 2. Terrestrial biomes
21. Marine Biomes
-90 of the oceans are over a mile
deep!!!!! -Plankton and algae (seaweed) are the
oceans producers
- Shallow zones (lots of sunlight with high and low
tides) - 1. coastal areas (beaches)
- 2. estuary (ies) where saltwater and fresh water
mix - (salt marsh ecosystems)
- a. marsh grasses
- b. animal nursery for fish, crabs, shrimp, etc
- 3.found in the intertidal zone (area between low
and - high tides)
3- B. Ocean Biomes
- --much deeper water (10s to 1000s of feet deep)
- --sunlight only penetrates to 200m (about 600
ft.) - 1. Photic Zone is the depth to which light
penetrates (200m) - 2. Aphotic Zone is the dark water below 200m
- --conditions vary from ocean to ocean depending
on - depth salinity temperature
- --these conditions determine the amount and
diversity - of living organisms found in each ocean
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16- Intertidal Zone
- Neretic Zone
- Benthic Zone
- Abyssal Plain
- Open Ocean
- Deep Ocean
- Photic Zone
- Aphotic Zone
17 Coastal and Ocean Zones Continental Shelf
(CS)- sloping edge of a continent under
the sea A. Intertidal zone CS zone between
high tide and low tide B. Neretic zone
CS zone from low tide mark to 200m
deep C. Benthic zone CS zone from 200m deep to
the bottom of the ocean
18D. Abyssal Plain flat, dark, muddy, cold
bottom of the ocean E. Open Ocean photic
zone over abyssal plain F. Deep Ocean aphotic
zone over abyssal plain G. Photic zone from
the ocean surface down to 200m H. Aphotic
zone dark area from 200m to the ocean bottom
19Deep Sea Volcanic Vent Community
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25Terrestrial Biomes- large land areas with similar
climate and climax community
- 1. Factors that determine the climate
- Amount of rainfall
- Humidity
- Amount of sunlight
- Temperature
- 2. These factors are determined by altitude,
latitude, wind patterns and topography. - (changes in altitude can simulate changes
in latitude)
26Altitude/Latitude and type of vegetation
27Topography- surface characteristics
- Warm, moist air moving up a mountain drops its
moisture on the windward side of the mountain, on
the leeward side is desert conditions.
28Temperature
--Area at equator receives more sunlight than
areas north or south of the equator more
sunlight higher temperature --Tilt of earth
and orbit determines the amount of sunlight
received
29Biome Map-large land areas with similar climates
and climax communities
30Tundra
1. Northernmost latitudes --low temp and
little rainfall 2. Growing season is short 3.
Permafrost-frozen top soil layer 4. Erosion
occurs easily 5. Plants lichens and
mosses --no trees 6. Animals lemmings,
snowshoe hare, reindeer and caribou
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32Taiga
1. Coniferous forest 2. Largest biome 3. Rainfall
35-40 cm 4. No permafrost, slightly warmer temp
than tundra 5. Animals moose, mink, bears
33Temperate Forest
- 1. South of taiga, greater rainfall, longer and
warmer summers - 2. Growing season last at least 6 months
- 3. Plants deciduous trees
- (loose leaves in the Fall) oaks, maple, birch
- 4. Forest form layers of vegetation forest
floor, shrub layer and canopy - 5. Animals black bear, white tail deer,
squirrels
34Tropical Rainforest
- Temp a constant 25O C, rainfall is heavy
- Has greatest species diversity
- Little humus-poor soil
- Little light reaches forest floorplant is
scarce. - Plants bromeliads, vines, orchids
- Animals insects, frogs, bats, monkeys, sloth
35Effects of Destruction of Rainforest
- Slash and burn forest for farming
- Over-harvesting of trees for wood products
- Removal of forest reduces oxygen production and
CO2 recycling - Once rainforest is destroyed it cannot be replaced
36Grassland
- In Temperate and Tropical regions
- Grass is major climax community
- Known as savanna, veldt, steppe, plains, pampas
and prairie - Animals herd animals, jack rabbits, gophers
- Fertile soilimportant to man for farming
37Desert
- Very low rainfall, evaporation is rapid
- Little plant and animal life
- Deserts are common at 30 degree north and south
of the equator
38Desert plant adaptations
- Leaf spine-like to reduce surface area less
water loss - Flesh parts for water storage
- Shallow roots
- Mature quickly
- Seeds remain dormant until sufficient rain
39Desert animal adaptations
- Some animals obtain water from their metabolism
of food (do not drink) - Concentrated urine
- Noctural- active at night