THE MASS:

1
THE MASS Its Ancient Roots
Part Ia Holy Meals Shabbat, Matzah, and Pesch
1234 BC
2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300
1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400
300 200 100
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Developments during this Era
Food stuffs and animals (Cain and Abel) together
become a forum for remembrance and strength among
a People formed by their God, Yahweh.
The earliest forum or meal recalls the Sabbath.
It is the shabbat meal the night before the day
of rest for the Jews.
Yahweh prepares to save the Jews from prolonged
captivity in Egypt and promise them a safe haven
in the Promised Land. They are to recall both the
event celebrating their deliverance, being Passed
Over, and their journey, the Exodus.
3
The Jewish Shabbat Meal
Date Every Shabbat at Sundown on Friday Place
In every Jewish home Time No later than 18
minutes before sundown Attending Families
Preparation Leviticus 233 commands the Jews
to "do no manner of work" on the Shabbat, Shabbat
is primarily a day of rest and spiritual
enrichment. The word "Shabbat" comes from the
root Shin-Bet-Tav, meaning to cease, to end, or
to rest. Environment Two Shabbat candles are
lit and a blessing is recited . This ritual,
performed by the woman of the house, officially
marks the beginning of the Shabbat. The candles
represent the two commandments zachor (to
remember  the creation of the world in Ex.
2011) and shamor (to observe the deliverance
from slavery in Egypt in Deut. 515). Shabbat
night dinner is usually the most festive and
tasty of the week. There are no particular
specifications as to what can be served, except
for the usual rules of kosher which refers to
traditional Jewish fare and avoidance of those
that are prohibited (e.g., pork, shell fish,
etc.).
4
The First of the Jewish Sacred Meals Biblical
Origin of the Sabbath Meal
Shabbes, "rest" or "cessation") is the seventh
day of the Jewish week and a day of rest in
Judaism. Shabbat is observed from a few minutes
before sunset on Friday evening until a few
minutes after the appearance of three stars in
the sky on Saturday night. The exact times,
therefore, differ from week to week and from
place to place, depending on the time of sunset
at each location. In polar areas where there is
no sunrise or sunset at certain times of the
year, a different set of rules applies. Shabbat
recalls the Biblical Creation account in Genesis,
describing God creating the Heavens and the Earth
in six days and resting on the seventh. It also
recalls the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai
when God commanded the Israelite nation to
observe the seventh day and keep it holy. Shabbat
is considered a festive day, when a Jew is freed
from the regular labors of everyday life, can
contemplate the spiritual aspects of life, and
can spend time with family. Traditionally, three
festive meals are eaten on Friday night,
Saturday morning, and late Saturday afternoon.
The day is also noted for those activities
prohibited on Shabbat according to Jewish law.
5
Shabbat is given special status as a holy day at
the very beginning of the Torah in Genesis
21-3. It is first commanded after the Exodus
from Egypt, in Exodus 1626 (relating to the
cessation of manna) and in Exodus 208-11 (as the
fourth of the Ten Commandments). Shabbat is
commanded and commended many more times in the
Torah and Tanakh special sacrifices are to be
offered on the day. Shabbat is also described by
the prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea,
Amos and Nehemiah. Genesis 21-3 Thus the
heavens and the earth and all their array were
completed. Since on the seventh day God was
finished with the work he had been doing, he
rested on the seventh day from all the work he
had undertaken. God blessed the seventh day and
made it holy, because on it he rested from all
the work he had done in creation. Exodus 1626
Moses then said, "Eat it (manna) today, for today
is the Sabbath of the LORD. On this day you will
not find any of it on the ground. On the other
six days you can gather it, but on the seventh
day, the Sabbath, none of it will be there.
6
Exodus 208-11 Remember to keep holy the Sabbath
day. Six days you may labor and do all your
work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the
LORD, your God. No work may be done then either
by you, or your son or daughter, or your male or
female slave, or your beast, or by the alien who
lives with you. In six days the LORD made the
heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in
them but on the seventh day he rested. That is
why the LORD has blessed the Sabbath day and
made it holy.
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The History of Shabbat, The Feast of Matzah
(Unleavened Bread) and Passover
Jacob
1835
Esau
Terah and Family migrate from Ur to Haran 1925
1835
Isaac
1895
Abraham
Ur 1820
1995 BC
1900
1950
18
2000
1850
1975
1925
1875
1825
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Dinah
Reuben
Simeon
Levi
Judah
Issachar
Zebulun
Benjamin
Dan
1734
Naphtali
Manasseh
Gad
Asher
Ephraim
1727 Sold into Egypt
Joseph
1634
1744
Jacob and Family migrate to Egypt 1705
Jacob
1688
Esau
?
1715
Famine
1700
1750
16
00
1650
1775
1725
1675
1625
Hyksos Period 13th - 17th Dynasties
9
Israel in Egypt
Hebrews forcibly conscripted into hard labor
gangs 1450
The People of Israel Prosper in Egypt
1500
1550
14
00
1450
1575
1525
1475
1425
13th Dynasty Begins
Thutmose II
Thutmose III
Amenhotep II
Thutmose IV
Ahmose
Thutmose I
1411
1450
1425
1567
1526
1512
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EXODUS AND CONQUEST
PERIOD OF THE JUDGES
Othmiel
Ehud and Shamgar
1209
1367
1327
1381
1309
1229
Canaanites
Moabites
Mesopotamians
Israelite males are circumcised celebrate
Passover first time Jericho falls 1234
Joshua
1228 Divides Canaan among Tribes
1321
1211
Ten Commandments at Sinai
The Exodus
1275
1234
Moses
1355
1235
Aaron
1358
1235
1300
1350
12
00
1250
1375
1325
1275
1225
19th Dynasty
Seti I
Tutankhamen
Rameses I
Ramses II
Akhenaton
Horemheb
Merneptah
Seti II
Amenhotep III
Aya
1362
1237
1352
1320
1304
1223
1210
1200
1379
Introduced monotheistic worship
1348
1318
Married his sister Nefertiti
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The Passover Seder Meal
Date The Hebrew month of Nissan, 14th
day Place In every Jewish home worldwide Time
Sundown on the Eve of Passover the Seder Meal
was be eaten Attending Families plus guests
to finish the Passover lamb Preparation A
yearling lamb was sacrificed, blood drained,
skinned, roasted with entrails, no bones to be
broken, entirely consumed Environment
Table, with candles, wine cups and red wine,
the Passover lamb and other kosher foods a
Passover Haggadah
12
The Hebrew Calendar
English Number Length Civil Equivalent
Nissan (Abib) 1 30 days March-April
Iyar 2 29 days April-May
Sivan 3 30 days May-June
Tammuz 4 29 days June-July
Av 5 30 days July-August
Elul 6 29 days August-September
Tishri 7 30 days September-October
Cheshvan 8 29 or 30 days October-November
Kislev 9 30 or 29 days November-December
Tevet 10 29 days December-January
Shevat 11 30 days January-February
Adar I (leap years only) 12 30 days February-March
Adar(called Adar Beit in leap years) 12 (13 in leap years) 29 days February-March
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The Passover in the Old Testament The Fourteenth
Day of the First Month From the scriptures
Passover begins at twilight (the time between
sunset and darkness) on the fourteenth day of the
first month of the Hebrew calendar. This month is
known by the names Abib or Nisan. In the Bible,
days begin not at midnight, but at sunset or
evening (Genesis 15 Leviticus 2327,
32). Leviticus 235 On the fourteenth day of
the first month at twilight is the LORD'S
Passover. Exodus 125-6,11 Your lamb shall be
without blemish, a male of the first year. You
may take it from the sheep or from the goats.
Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth day
of the same month. Then the whole assembly of
the congregation of Israel shall kill it at
twilight. . . . And thus you shall eat it with
a belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet,
and your staff in your hand. So you shall eat it
in haste. It is the LORD'S Passover.
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Numbers 92-5 Let the children of Israel keep
the Passover at its appointed time. On the
fourteenth day of this month, at twilight, you
shall keep it at its appointed time. According
to all its rites and ceremonies you shall keep
it. So Moses told the children of Israel that
they should keep the Passover. And they kept the
Passover on the fourteenth day of the first
month, at twilight, in the Wilderness of Sinai
according to all that the LORD commanded Moses,
so the children of Israel did. Numbers
2816 On the fourteenth day of the first month
is the Passover of the LORD. Joshua 510 Now
the children of Israel camped in Gilgal, and kept
the Passover on the fourteenth day of the month
at twilight on the plains of Jericho.
15
2 Chronicles 351 Now Josiah kept a Passover to
the LORD in Jerusalem, and they slaughtered the
Passover lambs on the fourteenth day of the first
month. Ezra 619 And the descendants of the
captivity kept the Passover on the fourteenth
day of the first month.
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The Meaning of the Old Testament Passover The
Old Testament Passover is a memorial to God
passing over the houses of the children of Israel
when He killed the firstborn of man and beast in
Egypt, during the night of the fourteenth. The
Passover is not a memorial to the exodus of
Israel from Egypt. Exodus 1212-14 For I will
pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and
will strike all the firstborn in the land of
Egypt, both man and beast and against all the
gods of Egypt I will execute judgment I am the
LORD. Now the blood shall be a sign for you on
the houses where you are. And when I see the
blood, I will pass over you and the plague
shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike
the land of Egypt. So this day shall be to you a
memorial and you shall keep it as a feast to
the LORD throughout your generations. You shall
keep it as a feast by an everlasting ordinance.
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Exodus 1221-27 Then Moses called for all the
elders of Israel and said to them, Pick out and
take lambs for yourselves according to your
families, and kill the Passover lamb. And you
shall take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the
blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel
and the two doorposts with the blood that is in
the basin. And none of you shall go out of the
door of his house until morning. For the LORD
will pass through to strike the Egyptians and
when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the
two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door
and not allow the destroyer to come into your
houses to strike you. And you shall observe this
thing as an ordinance for you and your sons
forever. It will come to pass when you come to
the land which the LORD will give you, just as He
promised, that you shall keep this service. And
it shall be, when your children say to you, What
do you mean by this service? that you shall say,
It is the Passover sacrifice of the LORD, who
passed over the houses of the children of Israel
in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and
delivered our households. So the people bowed
their heads and worshiped .
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The Feast of the Unleavened Bread (Matza)
Date The Hebrew month of Nissan 14 for Seven
Days Place In every Jewish home Time
Beginning at sundown in the Shabbat Nissan
14 Attending Families and the Hebrew nation
Preparation Unleavened bread reflected the
fact that the Israelites had no time to put
leaven in their bread before their hasty
departure from Egypt it was also connected to
the barley harvest (Leviticus 234-14).  Environme
nt The first and the seventh days of Matza are
holy (annual Sabbaths) and that an assembly must
be called for worship as a body. They were to
remove the sin (leaven) from their lives (not eat
any or have any in their house) for the seven
days (which is a complete unit of time a week).
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THE HEBREW MONTH OF NISSAN
Nissan 8
Nissan14
Nissan 20
Nissan 15
Nissan 16
Nissan 17
Nissan19
Nissan 21
Nissan 22
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
FRIDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
THURSDAY
SATURDAY
First Day of the Week
SABBATH
SABBATH
Day of Preparation for Passover
Day of Preparation for Sabbath
DAY ONE
DAY TWO
DAY FOUR
DAY THREE
DAY FIVE
DAY SIX
DAY SEVEN
Feast of Unleavened Bread begins at sundown
Feast of Unleavened Bread ends at sundown
Sabbath ends
SUNDOWN
Sabbath ends
Sunday begins with sundown
Sunday begins with sundown
SABBATH begins
SABBATH begins
PASSOVER begins/ eaten at sundown
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The Feast of the Unleavened Bread The Fifteenth
Day of the First Month The Feast of Unleavened
Bread begins on the fifteenth day of the first
month of the Hebrew Calendar. The first and the
seventh days of the feast are Sabbath days. No
regular work is to be done and a holy convocation
or assembly is to take place. Leavened bread
products are avoided and not eaten throughout the
week long festival. They are replaced with
unleavened bread. Leviticus 236-8 And on the
fifteenth day of the same month is the Feast of
Unleavened Bread to the LORD seven days you
must eat unleavened bread. On the first day you
shall have a holy convocation you shall do no
customary work on it. But you shall offer an
offering made by fire to the LORD for seven days.
The seventh day shall be a holy convocation you
shall do no customary work on it.
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Numbers 2817-18 And on the fifteenth day of
this month is the feast unleavened bread shall
be eaten for seven days. On the first day you
shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no
customary work. . . . And on the seventh day you
shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no
customary work. So you shall observe the
Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this same day
I will have brought your armies out of the land
of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day
throughout your generations as an everlasting
ordinance. In the first month, on the
fourteenth day of the month at evening, you
shall eat unleavened bread, until the
twenty-first day of the month at evening.
Exodus 1217-20 For seven days no leaven
shall be found in your houses, since whoever
eats what is leavened, that same person shall be
cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether
he is a stranger or a native of the land. You
shall eat nothing leavened in all your dwellings
you shall eat unleavened bread.
22
The Fifteenth Day of the First Month
is the Exodus Israel left Egypt during the night
of fifteenth day of the first month. They began
leaving Egypt at twilight, 24 hours after killing
the Passover lambs. Numbers 331-5 These are
the journeys of the children of Israel, who went
out of the land of Egypt by their armies under
the hand of Moses and Aaron. Now Moses wrote
down the starting points of their journeys at
the command of the LORD. And these are their
journeys according to their starting points
They departed from Rameses in the first month,
on the fifteenth day of the first month on the
day after the Passover the children of Israel
went out with boldness in the sight of all the
Egyptians. For the Egyptians were burying all
their firstborn, whom the LORD had killed among
them. Also on their gods the LORD had executed
judgments. Then the children of Israel moved
from Rameses and camped at Succoth.
Deuteronomy 161 Observe the month of Abib,
and keep the Passover to the LORD your God, for
in the month of Abib the LORD your God brought
you out of Egypt by night.
23
Deuteronomy 166 But at the place where the LORD
your God chooses to make His name abide, there
you shall sacrifice the Passover at twilight, at
the going down of the sun, at the time you came
out of Egypt.
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The End of History of the Mass, Ancient Roots
Part Ia Go to History of the Mass, Ancient Roots
Part Ib