Do Now: 1) What are the five theories for why we dream?

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• Do Now 1) What are the five theories for why we
  dream?
• 2) What is REM rebound?

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Sleep Disorders Insomnia

1. Somnambulism Sleepwalking.
2. Nightmares Frightening dreams that wake a
   sleeper from REM.
3. Night terrors Sudden arousal from sleep with
   intense fear accompanied by physiological
   reactions (e.g., rapid heart rate, perspiration)
   that occur during SWS.

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Sleep Disorders Insomnia

1. Narcolepsy Overpowering urge to fall asleep that
   may occur while talking or standing up.
2. Sleep apnea Failure to breathe when asleep.

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Dreams

• The link between REM sleep and dreaming has
  opened up a new era of dream research.

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AIM Why do we dream?
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What do we Dream?

• Negative Emotional Content
• Failure Dreams
• Sexual Dreams
• Dreams of Gender
• 5. Lucid Dreaming- the ability to be aware of
  and/or in control of dreaming

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Why do we dream?

• 1. Wish Fulfillment
• -Proposed by Freud in The Interpretation of
  Dreams
• -The dreams manifest (apparent) content may
  also have symbolic meanings (latent content)
• -Latent content signifies our unacceptable
  feelings.
• http//www.dreammoods.com/

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• Manifest Content Your sister drinking red punch
• Latent Content BLOOD!!!!

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Why is Freuds theory criticized?

• NOT SCIENTIFIC
• NO COMPELLING
• EVIDENCE

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Why do we dream?

• 2. Information Processing Dreams may help sift,
  sort, and fix a days experiences in our
  memories.

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Why do we dream?

1. Physiological Function Dreams are stimulation to
   develop and preserve neural pathways.

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Why do we dream?

• Activation-Synthesis Theory (Hobson and
  McCarley)
• -Activation the pons and emotional areas
  generates random bursts of action potentials to
  the forebrain
• - Synthesis dreamer makes up a story line

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Why do we Dream?

• 5. Cognitive Development We dream as a part of
  brain maturation and cognitive development.

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• When deprived of REM sleep and then allowed
  to sleep, we show increased REM sleep called REM
  Rebound.

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Hypnosis
http//iddiokrysto.blog.excite.it
Hypnos Greek god of sleep

• An altered state of consciousness characterized
  by deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility

Franz Mesmer (1734 - 1815)
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Aspects of Hypnosis

1. Posthypnotic Suggestion Suggestion carried out
   after the subject is no longer hypnotized.
2. Posthypnotic Amnesia Supposed inability to
   recall what one experienced during hypnosis.

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Hypnotic Feats

• Strength, stamina, and perceptual and memory
  abilities similarly affect those who are
  hypnotized and those who are not hypnotized.

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Facts and Falsehood

• Those who practice hypnosis agree that its power
  resides in the subjects openness to suggestion.

Can anyone experience hypnosis?
Yes, to some extent.
Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?
No.
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Facts and Falsehood
No.
Can hypnosis force people to act against their
will?
Can hypnosis be therapeutic?
Yes. Self-suggestion can heal too.
Yes. Lamaze can do that too.
Can hypnosis alleviate pain?
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Is Hypnosis an Altered State of Consciousness?

1. Social Influence Theory Hypnotic subjects may
   simply be imaginative actors playing a social
   role.
2. Divided Consciousness Theory (Hilgard) Hypnosis
   is a special state of dissociated (divided)
   consciousness

Courtesy of News and Publications Service,
Stanford University
(Hilgard, 1992)
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Both Theories
Mimi Forsyth
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