Introduction to Medicine

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Introduction to Medicine
Written by Melissa Redding
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Career Exploration

• Refer to your
• Career Exploration for Mastery Field of
  Medicine Checklist

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Rubric for Health Career Name Tag

• Review Rubric

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Introduction to Medicine Medical Terminology and
Abbreviations

• Review Introduction to Medicine Medical
  Terminology and Abbreviations Handout

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Completion of Internet Research

• Refer to Internet Research Assignment Handout

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Career Related Skills RubricField of Medicine

• Review Rubric

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Who are the team players in the field of
  medicine?
• Resource
• Southwest Georgia AHECs Anatomy of Health
  Careers DVD

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Team Players

• Physician MD
• Physician Assistant PA
• Medical Assistant MA
• Certified Medical Assistant CMA

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Can you organize the field of medicine team
  players into an organizational chart?

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PHYSICIAN

• PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
• MEDICAL ASSISTANT

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What are some of the tools of the trade used by
  team members in the field of medicine?

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Science in Medicine

• Scientists, Physicians, Physician Assistants
  and other healthcare professionals work together
  to learn about how the body is made and how it
  works.

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What is a physician specialist?

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• Medical Specialties
• Pediatrician
• Obstetrician
• Neurologist
• Pulmonologist
• Cardiologist

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• Anatomy - the science of the structure of living
  organisms
• Physiology - the basic processes underlying the
  functioning of a species or organism, or any of
  its parts or processes.
• Reference The Free Medical Dictionary by Farlex
• http//medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ph
  ysiology

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Essential Question

• What does the inside of the heart look like?

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Anatomy of the Heart
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• Inside the Heart
• Cardiac term referring to the Heart
• Four Chambers of the Heart
• Right Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Left Atrium
• Left Ventricle

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Four Valves of the Heart

• Mitral valve
• Tricuspid valve
• Pulmonary valve
• Aortic valve

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More Anatomy of the Heart

• Aorta
• Artery
• Superior Vena Cava
• Vein
• Pulmonary system
• Oxygen

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• Whats happening when I feel my heart beat?

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• BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART
• National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
• Website
• http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/h
  hw_pumping.html
• NOVA Website
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/heart/heartmap.html

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Flow of blood through the heart from body
(deoxygenated blue)

• From body
• Inferior Superior Vena Cava
• Right atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Valve
• Pulmonary Artery
• TO LUNGS

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Flow of blood from lungs to heart (oxygenated
red)

• From lungs to
• Pulmonary vein
• Left Atrium
• Mitral Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aorta
• TO BODY

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Circulatory System

• Pulse refers to the blood pumping through your
  arteries
• Apical Pulse
• Radial Pulse
• Carotid Pulse

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What do the heart and an Ipod have in common?

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I my Ipod!!!

• Both must have a source of electricity, both can
  provide an interesting beat, both can be heard
  with the human ear.

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Conduction System

• National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
• Website
• http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/h
  hw_electrical.html
• Sinoatrial Node (SA node) in right atrium
• EKG pattern of a normal sinus rhythm
• EKG Asystole video.flv

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Assess your own PulseActivity 1

• Step 1 Use one or two fingers to touch
  (palpate) your radial pulse.
• Step 2 Count the number of beats you
  palpate for one minute. Record
• this result.
• Step 3 Repeat Step 2 three more times and
  record all results.

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Assess your own PulseActivity 2

• Step 1 Locate your apical pulse using the
• provided chart.
• Step 2 Using a stethoscope, listen to or
  auscultate your apical pulse.
• Step 3 Count your apical pulse for one
  minute and record this apical pulse.
• Step 4 Repeat Step 3 three more times and
  record your results.

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Radial vs. Apical Pulse

• Compare your radial pulse count and your apical
  pulse counts.
• Where they the same?
• Where they different?
• Discuss your thoughts about your analysis of the
  two pulse results.

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CONGRATULATIONS! YOU USED SOME TOOLS OF THE
TRADE AND SKILLS PRACTICED IN THE FIELD OF
MEDICINE!
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• TOOLS OF THE TRADE YOU USED
• EYES, EARS, SENSE OF TOUCH, CLOCK, PEN, PAPER
  AND A STETHOSCOPE
• AND
• ASSESSMENT SKILLS YOU USED
• PALPATION, AUSCULTATION, DATA COLLECTION,
  ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION!

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Listen to the beat

• Listen these heart sounds from
• Learning Cardiac Auscultation CD
  produced by Cardionics,Inc.

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What are ways to assess the heart?

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More ways to assess the heart

• Palpation of pulse
• Auscultation of heart sounds
• EKG
• Echocardiogram
• Stress tests
• INTERNET RESOURCE
• MedicineNET.com Topic Heart Disease
• www.medicinenet.com/heart_disease/article.net

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Math in Medicine
How many times will your heart beat in one
year? Enter the number of beats in 30 seconds
40 CALCULATE to see your beats per minute 80
Per hour 4800 Per day 115,200 Per year
42,048,000
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More Math in MedicineHow much blood does your
heart pump in one minute?

• Reference for this math exercise Science Museum
  of Minnesota http//www.smm.org/heart/lessons/less
  on2
• Terms you need to know
• Cardiac Output amount of blood your heart pumps
  in one minute
• Cardiac Index how much blood is pumped per
  minute for every square meter of body surface
  area
• Body Surface Area refers to the amount of
  surface on the outside of your body, for example,
  the amount of skin surface you have
• Nomogram a picture tool to help you solve a
  puzzle

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Do this so you can calculate your Cardiac Output

• Step 1- Measure your height using the height
  scale.
• Step 2 Measure your weight using the weight
  scale.
• Step 3 Use the nomogram to determine your body
  surface area per square meter.

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Calculate your Cardiac Output

• Multiply your body surface area by the Cardiac
  Index which is a given variable of 2.75
  l/m2/minute.
• Your math problem is set up this way
  Body Surface area in m2 from nomogram X
  Cardiac Index of 2.75l/m2 Cardiac Output in
  ___liters minute

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What is your Cardiac Output?

• Share your Cardiac Output results.
• How does your volume per minute compare to a 2
  liter beverage bottle?

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Take it a few beats further

• How much blood is pumped in an hour, a day and in
  a year?
• If 4 liters per minute, 60 minutes in an hour so
  4 X 60 240 liters per hour.
• If 240 liters per hour, 24 hours in a day so
• 24 X 240 5760 liters per day.
• If 5760 liters per day, 365 days in a year so
  5760 X 365 2,102,400 liters per year.

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2,102,400 liters of blood pumped per year!How
many 2 liter Cokes in a year?

• Compare the volume of liters of blood pumped per
  year to volume of 2 liter Cokes in a year.
• Thats
• TEN MILLION FIVE HUNDRED TWELVE THOUSAND TWO
  (10,512,002) 2 liter Cokes a year!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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The Cardiac Index Where did in come from?

• How much blood the heart pumps for every square
  meter of surface area, the cardiac index, varies
  with the age of the individual. For children ages
  10 13, the average cardiac index is 2.75
  liters/m2/minute at a resting state.

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Heart Problems

• Pathophysiology
• Its broken, can we fix it?

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Pathophysiology One example of disease
affecting the heart is Coronary Artery Disease.

• Activity 1 Work in pairs and complete your
• Internet Assignment - Case
  Study Coronary Artery Disease
• Activity 2 Class review of Internet
  Assignment - Case Study
  Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
• Activity 3 Role Play - Case Study CAD
• Activity 4 Peer Evaluation and Group
  Discussion

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ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• What makes a team successful?

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Pathophysiology A possible life threating
complication heart disease is is sudden Cardiac
Arrest.

• Activity 1 EKG Pattern Recognition
• Normal Sinus Rhythm
• Ventricular Tachycardia
• Ventricular Fibrillation
• EKG ventricular fibrillation video.flv
• Asystole
• EKG Asystole video.flv

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Protocol for Cardiac Arrest

• Assessment, Call a Code Blue
• CPR
• Medication, Oxygen
• Defribillation

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CODE BLUE SIMULATION

• Code Blue Simulation video.flv
• F\CTAE Iintro to Medicine Master Folder\ACLS
  Science Code Blue.flv
• Physicians need the help of skilled and caring
  nurses.
• F\CTAE Iintro to Medicine Master
  Folder\RappingERNursesfromUABVIdeo.mp4

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ROLE PLAY CODE BLUE

• FINAL EVALUATION OF INTRODUCTION TO MEDICINE AND
  INTRODUCTION NURSING