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Modern History of al-Qaeda and Terrorism against the USA

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President George H.W. Bush liberates Kuwait and pushes the Iraqi army back into Iraq. Bin Laden Osama bin Laden overtly criticizes the Saudi government. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Modern History of al-Qaeda and Terrorism against the USA


1
Modern History of al-Qaeda and Terrorism against
the USA
  • 1979-2008

2
What is al-Qaeda?
  • Al Qaeda is a stateless (meaning without a
    country) terrorist organization.
  • It is led and financed by Osama bin Laden, a
    radical Shia Muslim.

3
When did al-Qaeda form?
  • The beginnings of al-Qaeda go back to 1979 when
    the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

4
  • 1979 was during the Cold War, a time when the USA
    was a rival to the Soviet Union. The USA wanted
    to help Afghans fight the Soviets.
  • The CIA sent stinger missiles to Afghans to shoot
    down Soviet helicopters.

5
Bin Laden in Afghanistan
  • Son of a wealthy Saudi Arabian family, Osama bin
    Laden made lots of like-minded friends.
  • He learned that scantily-armed Muslims could
    defeat a powerful Christian army
  • The Soviet army left in 1988.

6
Bin Laden moves to Sudan
  • Bin Laden and his friends, feeling powerful,
    wanted to set up a base for future jihads. A
    jihad is a Muslim word for holy war, usually
    against Christians. He stays in Sudan about 5
    years. Note Most Muslims dont feel that jihads
    are about car bombs and plane hijackings.

7
  • In 1983, during the presidency of Ronald Regan, a
    terrorist group bombed a Marine barracks in
    Lebanon. Reagan did not retaliate. 283 killed.

8
Desert Storm (Gulf War I)
  • In 1990, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded the
    tiny, oil-rich country of Kuwait. Kuwait owed
    Iraq money, so Hussein wanted to secure Kuwaiti
    oil fields.

9
Operation Desert Storm
  • The United States imports oil from Kuwait and
    Saudi Arabia. If Saddam Hussein wanted to, he
    could take his army into Saudi Arabia and seize
    their oil fields too.

Iraqi tanks
10
US and Saudi coalition
  • The United States asked the Saudis for permission
    to establish military bases in their country.
    The Saudis have a tough choice to make. Do they
    allow a Christian army into the holiest country
    of Islam? Can the Saudis themselves stop Saddam
    Hussein?

11
Saudis choice
  • Osama bin Laden was back home from Afghanistan.
    He offered the Saudis the use of his soldiers to
    fight the Iraqi army because once America
    establishes a base, they wont leave. Christian
    armies have no place in the land of Islam.

12
Saudis chose the USA and snubbed bin Laden.
  • President George H.W. Bush liberates Kuwait and
    pushes the Iraqi army back into Iraq.

13
Bin Laden
  • Osama bin Laden overtly criticizes the Saudi
    government. Saudi Arabia banishes him his
    family disowns him (officially).
  • Bin Laden leaves Saudi Arabia for Sudan to
    further build al Qaeda.

14
USA in Somalia
  • Dec. 4, 1992, George H.W. Bush sends 28,000
    American troops to Somalia.
  • Bush wanted to help the Somali people since all
    attempts to send food to them were intercepted by
    war lords.

15
Black Hawk Down!
  • In 1993, 18 Americans died when their Black Hawk
    helicopter was shot down over Mogadishu, Somalia.

16
al Qaeda?
  • We think al Qaeda operatives taught the Somalians
    how to shoot down helicopters just like they did
    in Afghanistan against the Soviets.

17
Iraqi terrorism
  • In 1993, agents working with the full support of
    Saddam Hussein tried to kill former President
    George H.W. Bush.
  • President Clinton responded by destroying their
    intelligence center.

18
World Trade Center bombing
  • 9-11 was not the first terrorist attack on the
    WTC. In 1993, a man rented a Ryder truck and
    detonated a large bomb in one of the towers
    hoping to knock it over onto the other tower.

19
Ramzi Yousef
  • He was a planner of the WTC bombing. He was a
    member/leader of al Qaeda.
  • Yousef stated, "Yes, I am a terrorist, and proud
    of it as long as it is against the U.S.
    government."
  • Speaks 7 languages and has college degrees in
    engineering and chemistry.
  • Currently serving a life sentence.

20
1993 WTC bombing
It killed 6 people and injured over 1000.
21
1995 Oklahoma City bombing
  • Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated a
    large truck bomb at the Murrah federal building
    in Oklahoma City.

22
Oklahoma City
  • 168 people died and many more were injured,
    including children in the day care at the bottom.

23
Conspiracy theorists will love this!
  • Terry Nichols, Ramzi Yousef, and 9-11 mastermind
    Khalid Sheik Muhammad were in the Philippine city
    of Cebu on the same days. Is there a connection?
  • According to Richard Clarke, the main
    counter-terrorism czar for Clinton and GW Bush,
    Nicholss bombs worked only after he returned
    from the Philippines

Khalid Sheik Muhhamad
Terry Nichols
24
1996 car bombing of Khobar Towers
  • The Khobar Towers provided housing for American
    military stationed in Saudi Arabia. 19 Americans
    were killed and hundreds injured. Look familiar?

25
Fatwa
  • In August of 1998, Osama bin Laden and 4 of his
    close associates sign and distribute a statement
    declaring it is the individual duty for every
    Muslim who can do it to kill Americans.

26
Kenyan embassy bombings
  • Two American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were
    bombed simultaneously in 1998. 220 people were
    killed.

27
Clinton responds.
  • President Clinton, risking Wag the Dog
    criticism during the Lewinsky scandal, decided to
    attack al Qaeda in response.

28
US attacks al Qaeda training camps in Sudan and
Afghanistan with Tomahawk missiles. Camps were
destroyed. Osama lives.
29
US responds. with Tomahawk missiles
Tomahawk missile.
30
Millennium Attacks Foiled!
  • Jordanian police halted 4 bombings that were to
    happen January 1, 2000. 16 al Qaeda members were
    arrested.
  • Four al Qaeda terrorists were arrested after one
    tried to cross the Canadian border with
    nitroglycerin in his spare tire. They set out to
    bomb LA International Airport.
  • In Yemen, a boat with explosives tried to bomb a
    navy ship but sank due to being overloaded!

31
USS Cole attack Oct. 2000
  • In Yemen, Al Qaeda operatives sent a suicide
    bomber aboard a small ship near the USS Cole and
    detonated its bomb, blowing a large hole in the
    US Navy ship. 17 sailors killed.

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Where is Sudan and Yemen?
34
September 11, 2001
  • Four airplanes were hijacked by al Qaeda
    terrorists.
  • Two crashed into the 2 World Trade Center towers.
  • One crashed into the Pentagon, the military
    building of the US armed forces.
  • One crashed into a field in Pennsylvania, likely
    because passengers forced the plane down.

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  • 2819 people were killed
  • 343 firefighters and paramedics were killed

Khalid Sheik Muhhamad was the central Planner of
the 9/11. Most terrorists (at right) were from
Saudi Arabia.
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Firemen going up before towers collapsed.
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Shoes people left behind to run faster.
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Looking for loved ones.
59
Temporary memorial to WTC
60
Pentagon
  • A plane crashed into the Pentagon killing
    hundreds.
  • It showed Americans that terrorism doesnt just
    happen in New York and our most important
    buildings are vulnerable.

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67
Pentagon after attack
68
Flight 93 crashed in Pennsylvania
Its target was possibly the White House or
Capitol building. We think the passengers
forced the plane down.
69
Taliban
  • Al Qaeda and the Taliban government of
    Afghanistan were virtually one and the same.
  • President George W. Bush sent a small force into
    Afghanistan to eliminate the government and
    destroy al Qaeda.
  • This war is still going on.
  • Many criticize President Bush for taking troops
    out of Afghanistan to fight in Iraq.

70
Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan
71
Where is Afghanistan?
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Tora Bora
  • Famous battle in Afghanistan where al Qaeda
    allegedly saved Osama bin Ladens life and snuck
    him out of the area.

74
Tora Bora
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Today in Afghanistan
  • In 08, more US troops die in Afghanistan than in
    Iraq. US troops are still fighting Taliban and
    Al Qaeda troops near the Pakistani border.
  • In 04 Afghanistan had its first election. The
    people voted for Hamid Karzai
  • Despite terrorist attacks, daily
  • life is better in Afghanistan.

77
Where is Osama bin Laden now?
  • Well, where do you think he is?

78
As soon as we know. . .
79
Unfortunately
  • Bin Laden is very smart. He is probably hiding
    inside the lawless region of Pakistan, near the
    Afghan border.
  • Pakistan is a powerful Muslim country who has
    cooperated with the USA for years. They have
    nuclear weapons.
  • While the Pakistani government likes the USA, its
    citizens dont.

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Pakistan cont. . .
  • If the Pakistani government goes after Osama bin
    Laden and al Qaeda too strongly, the Muslim
    people could overthrow the government and be the
    first al Qaeda-dominated nuclear power. This is
    what bin Laden wants!

83
Review Quiz
  • Are you ready?

84
Review Quiz
  • 1. Name 3 Al Qaeda leaders.
  • 2. The Soviet Union invaded what country in 1979
    where al Qaeda formed?
  • 3. In the first Gulf War, what was bin Ladens
    objection regarding American troops in Saudi
    Arabia?
  • 4.Was Osama bin Laden friends with Saddam Hussein
    of Iraq?
  • 5. After the first Gulf War, what did Iraq try to
    do to upset the USA?
  • 6. How was the WTC attacked in 1993?
  • 7. What American embassies were bombed in 1998?
  • 8. What Navy ship was bombed in 2000?
  • 9. How many planes were hijacked on 9/11/2001?
  • 10. Where could Osama bin Laden possibly be
    hiding?

85
Terrorism after 9/11
  • In 2005, terrorists bombed a London subway.
  • They were trying to get England out of Iraq.

86
Richard Reid
  • December 22, 2001
  • Now known as the shoe bomber, tried to destroy
    an airplane by igniting explosives hidden inside
    his shoes. English mother, Jamaican father.
    Converted to Islam in prison. Now in Colorado.

87
Bali nightclub bombing Oct. 2002
88
Where is Bali?
89
Khalid Sheikh Mohammad
  • September 2002, Pakistani officials arrested the
    9/11 mastermind.
  • In reality, he was more dangerous than bin Laden.

90
Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
  • In Iraq there lived a terrorist named al-Zarqawi.
    He was responsible for several car bombings,
    suicide bombings, hostage killings after the US
    invasion of Iraq.
  • He did have al Qaeda connections and began to
    refer to his organization as al-Qaeda after the
    US invasion.
  • He had no direct, known ties to Saddam Hussein.
  • Was killed in 2006 by a US air strike.
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