Crisis Action

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JTF Training
Crisis Action Planning Course of Action
Development
UNCLASSIFIED
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Restated Mission Statement

O/O, CCDR CJTF will conduct Foreign
Disaster Humanitarian Assistance in support of
the Government of Cameroon to relieve the
suffering associated with Volcano OKU.
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Commanders Intent
CCDR USAFRICOM CJTF will establish and deploy
forces to forward operating bases to alleviate
suffering in devastated areas. In coordination
with the appropriate consular or AMEMBASSY
personnel, US forces will provide mobility and
logistics support capabilities to enhance HN
efforts in response to the crisis. US forces will
limit operations to essential life sustaining
operations and where feasible will hand off
FHA/DR function to other agencies as soon as
practical. Close coordination with other USG
agencies, NGO, and IGO will facilitate operations
and eliminate duplication of efforts. When
directed US forces redeploy to home station and
reconstitute for future contingencies. ENDSTATE.
Success is defined as a minimized loss of life
and human suffering of displaced persons, the
scope of the crisis no longer exceeds the
capacity of the host nations, and all US
personnel are redeployed to home station.
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COA Development Overview

• Analyze information associated with a current
  situation
• Components, techniques and procedures for
  conducting an operational-level mission analysis
  for a Joint Task Force (JTF)
• Suggested input into planning process
• Logistical shortfalls in planning process
• Adequate, feasible and acceptable COAs
• COA steps
• Center of gravity, task priorities, and phasing
  sketch

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Reference
JP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint Operations
JP 4-0 Logistics
JP 5-0 Joint Operation Planning
JP 5-00.2 JTF Planning Guidance Procedures
CJCS 3500.05A JTF HQ Master Training Guide
MNF SOP
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Key Points
Crisis Action Planning (CAP) Procedures

• Three process
• Key Documents
• Warning Alert Orders
• Commanders Estimate
• Requires Concurrent Collaborative Planning

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CAP Functions

• I Situational Awareness
• II Planning
• III Execution

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CAP Process Features

• Rapid Exchange of Information
• Analysis of situations affecting possible
  Courses of Action (COAs)
• Developing valid COAs
• Comparison COA
• Recommended/Selecting the best COAs
• Coordinating plans order supporting execution

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Function II Planning
II Planning
I Situational Awareness
III Execution

• JTF Tasks
• Mission Analysis
• Issue Planning Guidance
• Issue Warning Order
• Develop COAs
• Develop Staff Estimates
• Analyze COAs
• Compare COAs
• Recommend COA
• Submit CDRs Estimate

National Authorities
Warning Order
CDRs Estimate
Supported CCDR
CCDRs Warning Order
CDRs Estimate
JFC
JTF PLANNING
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Course of Action (COA) Development

• The COA consist of the following information
• WHO will take the action
• WHAT type of military action will occur
• WHEN the action will begin
• WHERE the action will occur
• WHY the action is required (purpose)
• HOW the action will occur (method of employment
  of forces)
• 
  Joint Pub 5-0

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COA Development

• To develop COAs, the staff must focus on key
  information to make decisions, using the data
  from mission analysis.
• The Staff develops COAs to provide options to the
  commander.
• Focus on Centers of Gravity and Decisive Points
• All COAs selected must be valid

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Develop Initial COAs
Center of Gravity (COG)
The hub of all power and movement, on which
everything depends. That is the point against
which all of our energies should be directed.
Carl von Clausewitz
Military
Infrastructure
Economic
Social
Political
Information
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Joint Operation Planning Process
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Initial Test for Validity
Course of Action Characteristics

• Test for adequacy
• Test for feasibility
• Test for acceptability
• Ensure COAs are distinguishable
• Test for completeness

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Adequate

• Does it accomplish the mission?
• Does it meet the Combatant Commanders and CJTFs
  intent?
• Does it accomplish all the essential tasks?
• Does it allow the CJTF to meet the conditions for
  the end state?
• Does it take into consideration the enemy and
  friendly centers of gravity?

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Feasible

• Can accomplish the mission within the established
  time, space, and resource limitations?
• Will those resources be available in the JOA in
  time?
• Forces/Capability
• Transportation
• Resupply
• Facilities
• - Can the COA be carried out within the
• physical environments constraints?

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Acceptable

• Must balance cost and risk with the advantage
  gained.
• Does it contain unacceptable risks?
• Does it take into account the limitations placed
  on the CTF?
• Does it contribute to the higher commanders
  strategic objectives?
• Can it be accomplished within external
  constraints, particularly ROE?

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Risk Matrix
HIGH
Impact
LOW
HIGH
Likelihood
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Distinguishable

• Are the COAs sufficiently different from each
  other
• COAs can be different when considering...
• Focus or direction of main effort
• Scheme of maneuver (land, air, maritime, special
  ops)
• Primary mechanism for mission accomplishment
• Task Organization
• Use of reserves

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COA Development
What to Avoid
Nested COAs
COA 1
COA 2
COA 3
COA 2 includes all of COA 1 COA 3 includes all
of COAs 1 2
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COA Planning Enablers

• Planning considerations in developing different
  COAs
• -Joint Force Capabilities (operational fires and
  maneuver, deception)
• -Joint Force Organizations
• -Combinations of elements of operational design
  (phasing line of operations and so forth)
• -Commander and staff risk assessment
• -Intelligence updates

Joint Pub 5-0
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Complete

• Are the COAs technically complete? Must
  incorporate
• Objectives, effects and tasks to be performed
• Major forces required
• Concepts for development, employment and
  sustainment
• Time estimates for achieving objectives
• Military end state and success criteria

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COA Planning Enablers
Key Inputs

• Joint Force
• Commanders (JFC)
• Planning Guidance
• JFC Initial Intent
• Initial Staff Estimates
• Joint Intelligence
• Preparation of the
• Operational
• Environment

Key Outputs

• Revised Staff Estimates
• COA Alternatives including
• -Tentative task organization
• -Deployment concept
• -Sustainment concept

COA Development
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Prepare COA

• Develop COA sketch(s)
• Deployment/Sustainment Concept
• Operational design
• Phasing
• Line of operations

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COA 1
ALOC
HOME BASE US
C2 HUB Country 1
ALOC
COA 1 Sail direct to Country 2 Deploy land forces
to Country 1 -- to control flow of troops into
Country 2
Unrep
Country 2
APOD
SPOD
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COA 2
COA 2 Sail and deploy land forces direct to
Country 1
HOME BASE
ALOC
Unrep
Country 1
APOD
SPOD
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Example Sketch
PHASE THREE Decisive Action
MARFOR O/O conduct offensive operations to
secure northern approaches to City
T ARFOR Deploy ACR to forward AA. O/O conduct
offensive operations to clear central and
southern approaches. Air Aslt/Abn Bde est. opnl
reserve and rear area defense. AFFOR Maintain
air superiority. Conduct AI and strat
atk operations. NAVFOR No change JSOTF No change
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City T
City G
C31 to C60
This phase completes the introduction of combat
forces (Phase II) and begins offensive operations
to evict all aggressors from the sovereign
territory of Blueland. Operations will be
conducted along two axes. Phase is complete upon
restoration of territorial integrity of Blueland.
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Example Phasing/Task Distribution
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(Example) Log Effects Matrix
PHASE 1 Pre-Deployment
PHASE 2 Deploy/ RSOI/ Coalition Force Integration
PHASE 3 Move
PHASE 4 Prevention Stabilisation
PHASE 5 Offensive Ops/ Assistance/ Stabilisation/
Deterrence
PHASE 6 Handover
RECOVER
LOG build-up
LOG INTEGRATION
RSOI
SUPPORT LOG C2 OF UN/IO/NGO AGENCIES
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Joint Operation Planning Process
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COA Wargaming

• The Commander and Staff will Analyze each
  tentative COA
• separately and identify advantages and
  disadvantages of each
• Proposed COA.
• The analysis of COAs should reveal the following
  factors
• Potential decision points
• Task organization adjustments
• Data for use in a synchronization matrix or
  other decision making tools
• Identification of plan branches and sequels
• Identification of high-value targets
• A risk assessment.
• COA advantages and disadvantages
• Recommended CCIRs

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COA Wargaming Steps

• 2. Conduct Wargaming and assess
• -Purpose of wargaming (identify gaps)
• -Basic methodology
• -Records results
• 3. Output of wargaming
• -Results of wargame brief
• Potential decision points
• Governing factors
• Potential branches and sequels
• Revised staff estimates
• Refined COAs
• Feedback through the COA decision brief

• 1. Prepare for Wargaming
• -Gather tools
• -List and review Friendly forces
• -List and review enemy forces
• -List known critical events
• -Determine participates
• -Determine enemy COA
• -Select wargaming method
• -Select a method to record
• display results (Syn Matrix)

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COA (MARITIME)
HOME BASE US
Country 2
Refuel Operations
Refueling Operations
COA reflects refueling shortfall in support of
timeline and distance
Country 1
APOD
SPOD
USNS COMFORT
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Joint Operation Planning Process
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COA Comparison
Key Outputs
Key Inputs

• Evaluated COAs
• Recommended COA
• COA Selection Rational
• Revised Staff Estimates

• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Wargaming Results
• Governing Factors
• Revised staff estimates

COA Comparison
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COA Comparison
Example
Weighting COA 1 COA 2
Simplicity 2 4 8
Efficiency 4 4 16
Cooperation 4 8 12
Agility 3 12 9
Flexibility 3 12 3
Force Protection 5 0 5
Robustness 4 12 12
C2 5 10 15
Political 2 6 4
Logistics Footprint 3 6 12
Total 84 96
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Joint Operation Planning Process
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COA Approval

• The staff determines the best COA to the
  commander.
• The staff briefs the commanders on the COA
  comparison
• (approval inputs and outputs)
• The staff briefs the comparison and analysis and
• wargaming results.
• The commander selects a COA or forms an alternate
  COA.
• - Direct revisions to COAs
• - Combinations of COAs
• - Additional COAs

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Joint Operation Planning Process
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Products JTF Plan

• Basic Plan/OPORD - Paragraph 4, Administration
  and Logistics
• Annex D - Logistics
• Annex L Environmental Considerations
• Annex P Host-Nation Support
• Annex Q Medical Services
• Others as appropriate (Contracting, etc.)

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Questions?