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Title: Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web


1
Chapter 2
  • Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the
    World Wide Web

2
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES
  • Define communications
  • Identify the basic components of a communications
    system
  • Describe how and why network computers are used
    in schools and school districts
  • Explain how the Internet works

3
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES
  • Describe the World Wide Web portion of the
    Internet
  • Explain how Web documents are linked to one
    another
  • Explain the use of Web browser software
  • Explain how to use a Web search tool to find
    information

4
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES
  • Identify several types of multimedia products
    available on the Web
  • Explain how Internet services such as e-mail,
    newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging
    work
  • Describe the educational implications of the
    Internet and the World Wide Web
  • Describe different ways to connect to the
    Internet and the World Wide Web

5
WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?
  • A process in which two or more computers or
    devices transfer data, instructions, and
    information
  • Sometimes called telecommunications

6
WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?
  • Electronic mail (e-mail)
  • Voice mail
  • Fax (facsimile)
  • Telecommuting
  • Online services
  • Videoconferencing
  • Internet
  • World Wide Web

7
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
  • Basic communications system
  • Two computers, one to send and one to receive
    data
  • Communications devices that send and receive data
  • A communications channel over which data is sent

8
A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
9
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
  • Communications channel
  • Transmissions media
  • Twisted-pair cable

10
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
  • Digital vs. analog signals
  • Modem
  • External modem
  • Internal modem
  • Network interface cards

11
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
  • Local Area Networks (LAN)
  • Covers limited geographical area
  • Server manages resources
  • Wide Area Networks (WAN)
  • Covers large geographical area
  • Can consist of several LANs

12
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
  • Home Networks
  • Connects multiple computers in your home
  • Share Internet access and resources

13
NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT
  • School network server
  • Example classroom
  • Three Macintosh computers
  • Printer

14
NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT
  • Example school network
  • Classrooms
  • Administration
  • Computer lab
  • Example school district
  • Central office
  • Various schools

15
SCHOOLS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
16
DISTRICTS WIDE AREA NETWORK
17
WIRELESS SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS
  • Keep in touch with family and friends from
    anywhere
  • Smart pagers
  • Cellular telephones
  • Handheld computers
  • Notebook computers
  • Wireless technology brings the computer lab to
    students

18
HIGH SPEED OR BROADBAND ACCESS
  • Government works to provide high speed Internet
    access to classrooms
  • Broadband technology transmits signals at much
    faster speeds

19
THE BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS IN EDUCATION
  • Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data
    resources
  • Unlimited educational resources
  • Communicate with other educators and students

20
WHAT IS THE INTERNET?
  • Worldwide group of connected networks that allow
    public access to information and services
  • No single organization owns or controls
  • Estimated 500 million users
  • Variety of uses

21
The worlds largest network is the Internet,
which is a worldwide collection of networks that
link together millions of businesses,
governments, educational institutions, and
individuals.
22
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
  • Started as a network of four computers at in both
    California and Utah in 1969
  • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) -
    ARPANET
  • More than 35 million computers today
  • Backbone first provided by National Science
    Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet

23
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
24
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
  • Backbone now provided by variety of corporations
  • Various organizations help define standards
  • Internet2 (I2)
  • Extremely high-speed network
  • Develop and test latest Internet technologies
  • Members include over 190 universities in the
    United States, along with 60 companies and the
    United States government

25
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
  • Data is divided into packets
  • Routers send packets across the Internet
  • Packet switching
  • Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol
    (TCP/IP) is the communications protocol used by
    the Internet

26
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27
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
  • Internet Service Providers versus Online Service
    Providers
  • Have permanent connections to the Internet
  • Provide temporary connections to individuals and
    companies for a fee
  • Local and national ISPs
  • Online service providers offer members only areas

28
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
  • Connecting to the Internet
  • Business or school network connected to the
    Internet
  • Dial-up access
  • ISDN
  • Cable TV (CATV)
  • Digital subscriber line (DSL)

29
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30
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
  • The Internet Backbone
  • Acts as a highway
  • Local ISPs connect through leased lines to
    national ISPs

31
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32
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
  • Internet Addresses
  • Numeric addresses
  • Domain name
  • Domain type abbreviations
  • Country code abbreviations

33
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34
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Started in the early 1990s
  • Hyperlinks
  • Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
  • Hypertext transfer protocol

35
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
36
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • How a Web Page Works
  • Hypertext
  • Hyperlinks
  • Target
  • Relative
  • Absolute

37
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Discovery learning
  • Web Surfing
  • Webmaster
  • Hypertext markup language (HTML)
  • Web publishing

38
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Web Browser Software
  • Interprets HTML and displays Web pages and
    enables you to link to other Web pages and Web
    sites

39
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Web Browser Software
  • Mosaic
  • Netscape Navigator
  • Microsoft Internet Explorer

40
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Searching for Information on the Web
  • Directory maintained by a search engine company
  • Helps find information on the Web
  • Search engine
  • Subject directory

41
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Web pages incorporate graphics, animation, audio,
    video, and virtual reality
  • Plug-ins

42
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Graphics
  • Used to enhance text-based Internet

43
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Graphics
  • Graphics formats

44
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Graphics
  • Thumbnails

45
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Animation
  • Marquees
  • Animated GIFs

46
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Audio
  • MP3 format
  • MP3 player
  • Streaming audio
  • RealAudio

47
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Video
  • Streaming video
  • RealVideo

48
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
  • Multimedia on the Web
  • Virtual Reality
  • Simulation of real or imagined environment that
    appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space
  • VR worlds

49
This instructional Web site uses VR to teach
biology students about cells and body tissues.
50
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
  • E-mail
  • Primary communication method for both personal
    and business use
  • E-mail programs
  • Mailbox
  • Mail server
  • E-mail address
  • User name

51
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
  • FTP (file transfer protocol)
  • FTP sites and servers
  • Allows file downloads and uploads
  • Anonymous FTP
  • FTP programs

52
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
  • Newsgroups and Message Boards
  • Newsgroup online area in which users conduct
    written discussions about a particular subject
  • Usenet
  • News server
  • News reader
  • Article
  • Posting
  • Threaded discussion

53
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
  • Newsgroups and Message Boards
  • Message Boards easier to use than newsgroups

54
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
  • Mailing Lists
  • Group of e-mail names and addresses given a
    single name
  • Subscribing and unsubscribing
  • LISTSERVs

55
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
  • Chat Rooms
  • Real-time conversation
  • Chat rooms
  • Chat clients
  • IRC (Internet relay chat)
  • Microsoft Chat

56
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57
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
  • Instant Messaging
  • See when one or more people are online
  • Exchange messages and files
  • Join a private chat room
  • Short Message Service (SMS)
  • Send and receive text messages from Web-enabled
    devices

58
NETIQUETTE
  • Internet etiquette
  • The code of acceptable behaviors users should
    follow while on the Internet

59
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60
INTERNET SECURITY
  • Firewall
  • Filtering software
  • Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

61
THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
ON EDUCATION
  • The Web is the Gutenberg press of modern times
  • Collaboration with other teachers and students
  • ePALS
  • New instructional strategies

62
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63
THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
  • Will connect 80 percent of the worlds computers
    in a few years
  • More than a billion wireless communication
    devices will be in use by the middle of the
    decade
  • All K-12 teachers will have access to the
    Internet in their classrooms
  • Wireless technology will become commonplace in
    K-12 education

64
THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
  • Everyday appliances with embedded computers will
    have Internet access
  • More intelligent and focused Web search
    capabilities
  • 100 to 1,000 times faster in a few years
  • Business will continue to be the driving force

65
THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
  • Increased access speeds and greater availability
    will allow teachers and students to view
    thousands of videos
  • The Web will become an integral part of all
    education and will revolutionize the way students
    learn core subjects

66
CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • Define communications
  • Identify the basic components of a communications
    system
  • Describe how and why network computers are used
    in schools and school districts
  • Explain how the Internet works

67
CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • Describe the World Wide Web portion of the
    Internet
  • Specify how Web documents are linked to one
    another
  • Explain the use of browser software
  • Explain how to use a Web search tool to find
    information

68
CHAPTER SUMMARY
  • Identify several types of multimedia products
    available on the Web
  • Explain how Internet services, such as e-mail,
    newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging
    work
  • Describe the educational implications of the
    Internet and the World Wide Web
  • Describe how to connect to the Internet and the
    World Wide Web

69
Chapter 2 Complete
70
GUIDE TO WORLD WIDE WEB SITES AND SEARCHING
TECHNIQUES
71
An extensive, current list of Web sites in
various categories can be found at
http//www.scsite.com/tdc3 Click the Special
Feature, Guide to WWW Sites link on the left
sidebar
72
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
  • Provides categorized lists of links
  • Arranged by subjects
  • This example will show you how to find
    information on Mark Twains childhood

73
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Start your browser and enter the URL
www.yahoo.com in the Address box. When the
Yahoo! home page appears, point to the Literature
link below Arts Humanities. You point to
Literature because that is the category in which
Mark Twain made his contributions.
74
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Literature. When the Literature page
appears, point to the Authors link. You point to
Authors because Mark Twain was an author. Each
time you click a category link, you move closer
to the topic.
75
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Authors. When the Authors page appears,
scroll down and point to the letter T in the
alphabetical site listings. (You can also find
information about Mark Twain by clicking the
Literary Fiction link.)
76
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click the letter T. The browser window displays
an alphabetical listing of authors whose last
names begin with T, as well as other
author-related organizations that begin with T.
Scroll down and then point to the Twain, Mark
(1835-1910) link.
77
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Twain, Mark (1835-1910). When the page
appears, scroll down and then point to the Mark
Twain Papers Project link.
78
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click the Mark Twain Papers Projects link.
When the page appears, click the links one at a
time. Use the browsers Back button to Return to
The Mark Twain Papers Project page after
viewing the page associated with each link.
79
USING A SEARCH ENGINE
  • Search many Web sites for information you are
    seeking
  • Carefully craft your keywords to limit the search
  • This example uses the Google search engine to
    search for the phrase, mark twain papers

80
USING A SEARCH ENGINE
Start your browser and then enter the URL
http//www.google.comin the Address box. When
the Google home page appears, type mark twain
papers in the Search text box and then point to
the Google Search button.
81
USING A SEARCH ENGINE
Click the Google Search button. When the results
of the search appear, scroll through the links
and read the descriptions. Point to the Mark
Twain Papers Project link.
82
USING A SEARCH ENGINE
  • Click the Mark Twain Papers Project link. A
    Web page appears that contains extensive
    information about the collected original
    documents by and about Mark Twain

83
LIMITING THE SEARCH
84
GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING
  • Use nouns as keywords, and put the most important
    terms first in your keyword
  • Use the asterisk () to find plurals of words
  • Type keywords in lowercase to find both lowercase
    and uppercase variations

85
GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING
  • Use quotation marks to create phrases so the
    search engine finds the exact sequence of words
  • Use a hyphen alternative
  • E-mail or email
  • Limit the search by language
  • Use uppercase characters for Boolean operators

86
GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING
  • Before you use a search engine, read its Help
  • The Internet contains many search engines. If
    your search is unsuccessful with one search
    engine, try another

87
POPULAR SEARCH SITES
  • Google
  • google.com
  • AllTheWeb
  • alltheweb.com
  • Yahoo!
  • yahoo.com
  • MSN Search
  • search.msn.com
  • AOL Search
  • search.aol.com

88
POPULAR PORTALS
  • Ask Jeeves
  • askjeeves.com
  • HotBot
  • hotbot.com
  • Lycos
  • lycos.com
  • LookSmart
  • looksmart.com
  • AltaVista
  • altavista.com

89
POPULAR PORTALS
  • Netscape Search
  • search.netscape.com
  • Overture
  • overture.com
  • InfoSpace
  • infospace.com

90
POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
  • Ask Jeeves for Kids
  • ajkids.com
  • Awesome Library
  • awesomelibrary.org
  • Bens Guide to U.S. Government for Kids
  • bensguide.gpo.gov
  • Blue WebN
  • www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/bluewebn
  • Busy Teachers Web Site K-12
  • www.ceismc.gatech.edu/busyt

91
POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
  • Education Index
  • educationindex.com
  • Education World
  • www.education-world.com
  • EduHound
  • www.eduhound.com
  • emTech
  • www.emtech.net
  • FirstGov for Kids
  • kids.gov

92
POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
  • Great Web Sites for Kids
  • www.ala.org/alsc/children_links.html
  • Kathy Schrocks Guide for Educators
  • school.discovery.com/schrockguide
  • KidsClick!
  • sunsite.berkeley.edu/KidsClick!
  • Kids Search Tools
  • www.rcls.org/ksearch.htm
  • Learning Page
  • learningpage.com

93
POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
  • Sites for Teachers
  • www.sitesforteachers.com
  • STEM-NET Theme Pages for Elementary Students and
    Teachers
  • www.stemnet.nf.ca/CUTE/themes.html
  • The Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM)
  • www.thegateway.org
  • TekMoms Search Tools for Students
  • tekmom.com/search
  • Yahooligans
  • www.yahooligans.com
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