National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) Electric Cooperatives

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National Rural Electric Cooperative Association
(NRECA) Electric Cooperatives

• Over 900 co-ops
• 42 million in 47 states
• 75 percent of land area
• 83 percent of counties fully or partially served
• 42 percent of nations distribution lines
• 7 customers/line mile
• 50 Suburban and 25 micro urban
• Largest aggregation of coal power plants

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GT Cooperative Service Area - 2006
Associated Basin San Miguel Southern Montana
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GT CooperativesThe Largest Domestic Coal Based
System
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27 Co-op Coal Projects
MW
New Capacity of 9,360 MW over 10 years
Project Status ( plants MW)
On-line (1 200 MW)
Under Construction (6 830 MW)
Planned (15 5,879 MW)
Exploratory (5 2,450 MW)
KEPCO Iatan
E TX Plum Point
Year Expected On-Line
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Co-op Principal Mission

• Keeping electricity reliable
• and the rates affordable

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Co-op Business Realities

• Innovationa result of unique circumstances
• Small utilities with limited staffs
• Sparse service territories
• Not for profit
• Consumer-owned consumer-governed
• Overwhelmingly residential and farms
• Profound impact of 1978 Federal Fuel Use Act
• Household incomes below national average
• Federally set construction standards,
• technical specifications, augmented
• by industry best practices

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NRECA Cooperative Research Network (CRN)
Demonstration Projects Goal of NRECA CRN
reliable electric serviceat an affordable cost
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Co-ops and Smart Grid Investment Grants

• More than 50 Electric Cooperatives and Public
  Power Districts in 16 States Awarded Over 215M
• AR, AZ, FL, GA, KS, KY, MS, NE,
• NH, OR, PA, SD,TX, VA, VT,WY

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CRN-Coordinated NRECA/DOESmart Grid
Demonstration Grant

• 22 co-ops in 10 states68M project
• Selected by DOE for 34M grant
• Install and study range of technologies
• Project team includes
• SAIC, Cigital
• Power Systems Engineering, ICF
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• EPRI and Industry

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NRECA Energy Storage Demo ProjectWhy the choice
of the Premium Power Corporation Zinc Bromide
Battery?

• Lifetime of more than 10,000 cycles of deep
  charge and discharge
• Lowest cost battery of all the advanced options
  based on CRN due diligence report
• Potentially very low environmental impacts
• PPC ZnBr is UL, FCC, and NFPA certified
• PPC has recently completed the production of its
  first TransFlow 2050-5 (500 kW, 2.8 MWh, 5.6
  hours)
• PPC has production capacity to meet the needs of
  the participating co-ops in this proposal.
• The PPC ZnBr batteries are made in the U.S.
• PPC is well capitalized.
• PPC ZnBr has the potential for fast frequency
  regulation and nearly unlimited cycle life.

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ZnBr Battery AttributesPremium Power Corporation
ZBB
Attribute Rating
Capital cost Excellent - 250/kW-hr
3. Round trip efficiency Fair70 to 75
4. Lifetime in Cycle Life Excellent (gtgt10,000 cycles)
5. Maintenance Good-pumps Has an on-line monitoring system
6. Minimal EHS issues Excellent
2. Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/l) Excellent (250 to 350)
7. Energy density (Wh/kg) Fair (75 to 85)
8. Risk Good TF-2050 is being built and shipped
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Premium Power Corporation TransFlow 2050-7Zinc
Bromide battery on a trailer 500 kW, 7.4 hours
and 3.8 MW-Hr 1.055 million
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NRECA Energy Storage Demo ProjectPlanned
Installation Sequence

• First-Kotzebue Electric Association, Alaska 0.5
  MW / 7.4 hours/3.7 MWh to time shift wind and
  provide frequency regulation
• Second-Kauai Island Utility Cooperative, Kauai
  PMRF, 1.0 MW /7.4 hours/7.4 MWh to time shift
  solar, provide frequency regulation, and for
  backup power to PMRF during islanding
• Possibly-Seminole Electric Cooperative, Inc.,
  Florida1.0 MW / 5.6 hours/5.6 MWh to time shift
  solar.

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Biomass Co-Firing with Coal

• Technical and Economic aspects of Biomass
  Cofiring and Supply with an Assessment of All GT
  fossil plants

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Identification with Alliance with INL the
Utilization of CO2 from Fossil by Conversion to
Syngas, Liquid Fuels, and/or Chemical with High
Temperature Co-Electrolysis

• High Temperature Co- Electrolysis (HTCE)
  Generates Green H2, O2, CO
• Efficient Operations _at_ Temperatures gt 600 C
• Power to Operate from Nuclear/Renewable Energy
  Sources
• HTCE Minimizes Carbon Emissions
• Manages carbon emissions through conversion to
  liquid fuels
• Starting point for commercial synthetic chemical
  products

• Operation
• HT Steam CO2
• Recycled CO2 from combustion process
• O2 produced at Electrode 1 (with use for IGCC or
  OxyCombustion)
• H2 CO (Syngas) produced at Electrode 2 for
  conversion to liquid fuel and/or chemicals

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Completed Short-Term Solutions to Transmission
Congestion

• Priority of Fixing Transmission Congestion
• Implement transmission optimization software in
  operational planning
• Examine and implement dynamic rating of lines
• Improve EMS (or install EMS
• if not in place)
• Install Advanced Conductors and upgrade
  transformers
• Install distributed dynamic flow control devices
• Install FACTS devices

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Impact Comparison of OH vs UG Lines

• Visibility
• Environmental
• Wetlands, water, threatened and endangered
  species habitat, cultural resources
• Land use
• Agriculture,
  airports, roads
• EMF

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Economic Analysis of Overhead and Underground
Transmission Lines Using the Tangible and
Intangible Cost Components

• Used to support decisions to build overhead (OH)
  transmission lines versus underground (UG)
  transmissions lines
• Detailed manual of design, construction, and
  operation of OH versus UG lines
• Spreadsheet with detailed economic evaluation of
  overhead and underground transmission lines
  including tangible and intangible cost components

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CRN Project to Evaluate Real Time Reliability
(Optimization) Software with HOST EKPC

• Improves reliability and increases available
  transfer capacity (by 2 X or 3 X) by applying a
  minimum number of mitigation measures based on a
  user-defined priority schedule which may include
  
• MW Dispatch
• MVAr Dispatch
• Capacitor and Reactor Switching
• Transformer Tap Change
• Line Switching (In and Out)
• Optimal Capacitor, Reactor, or FACTS
• Placement and size
• Phase Shifter settings
• Load Curtailment
• Defined Operating Procedures
• Switching Not Affected Lines

After Optimization
Before Optimization
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Using Optimization Software with 3D GUI to
Increase the Size of the Operating Region in an
Operating Environment at EKPC
results after using Optimizationn (ATC increased
from 1400 MW to 3400 MW)
results prior to using Optimization
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CRN Project to Evaluate Voltage Stabilizing
Technologies at Tri-State and Basin Electric
FACTS device (AEP UPFC)

• Provided Evaluation of Existing Options for
  Voltage mitigation and Stabilization (Capacitors,
  SVCs, FACTs devices)
• Provide Evaluation of Future Options for Voltage
  Stabilization (SuperVAR, CNT, TACC, etc.)
• Used Ultra Fast Transmission System Optimization
  Software To Determine the Optimum Option for
  Voltage Stabilization for long distance transport
  of power to TriState GT

SuperVAR-High Temperature Super Conducting
Synchronous Condenser
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Completing and Commercializing Smart Wires
Power Flow Control Device
Zenergy Power is Commercializing a Smart Wire
Distributed Series Reactor (DSR) licensed by
GATECH NEETRAC to be clamped onto a transmission
line to accomplish

• Defer building of new lines
• Massive redundancy
• Zero footprint solution
• Mass produced modules
• Easy and rapid installation
• Control power flow along contract path
• Maintenance with existing workforce
• Reduced time to deploy and overall cost

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Renewable and Distributed Energy (RDE)

• Research focus area launched in 2009
• CRN has strong history in fuel cells,
  microturbines, wind power, etc

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Renewable Power Technology Guide

• One-stop resource for utility-focused information
  
• Important questions to ask
• Cost-benefit calculator

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Renewable Energy and DG (REDG)

• Renewable Energy
• Assessment Guide

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Distributed Generation Resource Guide

• Guide to DG technologies
• Policy issues, interconnection, technical
  standards

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Biopower Toolkit Analyze Economics

• Calculate feasibility of biopower projects
• Fact sheets
• Project proposal guide

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RDE

• Animal Waste to Power
• (estimate of power potential and impact)

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Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles

• Converting four co-op owned hybrids and test as
  co-op fleet vehicles in OR, GA, MO and ND
• Collaboration through CEATI with Manitoba Hydro