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Codex Alimentarius The Food Code
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• The number and variety of food safety threats
  are on the increase. We need to ensure that
  international food standard work responds to the
  challenges of the new millennium in order to
  meet more efectively the needs of the worlds
  people
• Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland
• WHO Director-General.

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International Food Standards The Codex
Alimentarius_ The Food Code

• 1945 Food and Agriculture Organization of the
  UN(FAO) is founded,
• responsibilities nutrition and associated
• international food standards

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International Food Standards The Codex
Alimentarius_ The Food Code

• 1948 World Heath Organization (WHO) is founded,
  responsibilities human health and establishing
  food standards

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International Food Standards The Codex
Alimentarius_ The Food Code

• 1963 Establishment of the Joint FAO/WHO Food
  Standards Programme
• Action adopted the statutes of the Codex
  Alimentarius Commission

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International Food Standards The Codex
Alimentarius_ The Food Code

• 1985 United Nations Resolution 39/248 advises
  that Governments should take into account the
  need of all consumers for food security and
  should support and, as far as possible, adopt
  standards from the Codex Alimentarius

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International Food Standards The Codex
Alimentarius_ The Food Code

• 1989 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
  CouncilMutual Recognition Arrangement On
  ConformityAssessment Of Foods And Food Products
  (APEC Food MRA)-recognizes the CODEX guidelines

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Codex Mission

• Protect the health of the consumer
• Promote fair trade practices in the food trade
• Promote coordination of all food standards work
  undertaken by international governmental and
  non-governmental organizations.

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Codex Principes

• Promote sound regulatory framework
• Promote the widest and consistent application of
  scientific principles and risk assessment
• Promote linkages between Codex and regulatory
  bodies
• Enhance capacity to respond to new issues
  participation
• Promote maximum application of Codex standards

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Codex In Practice

• Food standads for commodities
• Codes of hygienic or technological practice
• Pesticides evaluated
• Limits for pesticide residues
• Guidelines for contaminants
• Food additives evaluated
• Veterinary drugs evaluated
• Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)

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Codex Adopt Practice HACCP
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point

• A management tool used toProtect the food supply
  against biological, chemicalProcessingAnd
  physical hazards

Incoming materials
Processing

• List potential hazards at each operational step
  in the processfrom receipt of raw materials
  through release of the finished prodect
• All potentially significant hazards must be
  considered

Packaging
Storage
Distribution / Export
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Codex 314 Food Standards

• Examples
• Nutrition claims
• Guidelines for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
• General principles of food hygiene
• Labeling
• Canned shrimps prawns
• Maximum levels of Aflatoxin M1
• Pesticide veterinary drug Maximum Residue
  Levels(MRL)
• Codex is a Programme for Overall Food Safety

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Codex Structure

• Volume 1A General requirments
• Volume 1B General requirements
  (food
  hygiene)
• Volume 2A Pesticide residues in food
  (general texts)
• Volume 2B Pesticide residues in foods
  (maximum residue limits)
• Volume 3 Residues of veterinary drugs in foods
• Volume 4 Food for special dietary uses
• Volume 5A Processed and quick
• Volume 5B Fresh fruits and vegetables

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Codex Structure

• Volume 6 Fruit juices
• Volume 7 Cereals, pulses (legumes) and
  derived products and
  vegetable proteins
• Volume 8 Fats and oils and related products
• Volume 9 Fish and fishery products
• Volume 10 Meat and meat productsSoups and
  broths
• Volume 11 Sugars, cocoa products, chocolate
  And miscellaneous product
• Volume 12 Milk and milk products
• Volume 13 Methods of analysis and sampling

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Codex Alimentarius - A Work in Process

• Has evaluated
• 1 005 food additives
• 31 veterinary drugs
• 197 different pesticides
• Has developed
• 314 Food standards for 237 different commodities
• 41 codes of hygienic or technological practice
• 25 guidelines for contaminants
• Including
• 2 522 MRLs for pesticides
• 289 MRLs for veterinary pharmaceuticals

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Codex Limitation

• Codex is excellent as the framework for an
  overall food safety program, however..
• Member countries are permitted to establish their
  own regulations related to any aspect of food
  safety, and many do.

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Codex Limitation (Continued)

• Method Acceptance
• Full Acceptance
• -Country will apply the standard to all products
  and not restric trade
• Acceptance with Specified Deviations
• -As above except there are aspects or details
  that are not accepted
• Free Distribution
• -Import distribution of products complying with
  the Codex Standard will be allowed, however,
  countries are permitted to use a different
  national standard

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Codex Limitation (Continued)

• Member countries are permitted to use 2 different
  Sets of regulations
• One for local products
• One for imports
• However, these must NOT be used as trade
  barriers?
• Food exporters MUST ensure the regulations and
  requirements of the importing country are
  understood and complied with ?

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Codex Additional Information

• FAO www.fao.org
• Codex www.codexalimentarius.net
• Methods, fitness of purpose issues, etc._/ AOAC
  
• _/ Eurachem
• _/ EPA
• _/ FDA Center for Food Safety Nutrition
  http//vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Pesticides should not threaten the welfare,
health or lives of farmers These chemicals pose
a serious risk not only to the health of farmers,
but also to the health of the population in
general and to the environment
Jacques
Diouf Director-General of the FAO
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??????????????????????????????????????????????
?.?. 2001 ????????? 27 ????
?.?. 2003 ????????? 116 ????
?.?. 2005 ????????? 148 ????
?.?. 2008 ????????? 275 ????
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????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
????????????????????????
???????? (??????,?????????,????,?????? )
PCBs
Dioxin
Radionuclides
Organic Chemicals (benzene)
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
????????????????????????????????????????
(acrylamide furan heterocyclic aromatic
amines polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons N-
nitrosamines ??? ??????????????????????????????
????????)
???????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????? ( tran fatty
acidsbenzeneethyl carbamate )
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????
Monomers ( vinyl chloride styrene
acrylonitrile )
Pigment (lead)
Plasticzers ( phthalates )
Orhers ( BPA semicarbazide )
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
???????????????????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????
???????
Mycotoxins ( aflatoxinsdeoxynivalenolpayulin
T-2 toxin
ochratoxin )
Plant toxins ( cyanogenic glycosidesalkaloidst
rypsininhibiter
hydrazine
Seafood toxins ( paralytic shellfish toxins
okadaic acid
yessotoxins azaspiracids )
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
?????
Adulterants (melamine)
chemical threat agents ( ricin
picrotoxinnicotineheavy metals )
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
Agrochemical
Pesticide residues (e.g. herbicides GC-MS
CG-MSLC-MS
insecticide and fungicide ) LC-MS
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals and veterinary drug
residues LC-MS LC-MSGC-MS
Environmental contaminantes
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
Industrial chemical
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) GC-HRMSGC-MSGC-
MS
Brominatedf flame retardants(BFRs) GC-MSGC-MSLC
-MS
Pefluorinated alkylated compounds(PACs) GC-MSLC-M
SLC-MS
Industrial by-products
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/ GC-HRMSGC-MSG
CxGC
Furans (PCDD/Fs) GC-MSLC-FI
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
?????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
Contaminante in food processing Heating
AcrylamideFermentation GC-MSLC-MS
Ethyl carbamate GC-MS
Materials in contact with food
Melamine LC-UVLC-MSGC-MS
Phthalates GC-MS
Natural toxins
Mycotoxins LC-FLDLC-MS
Phycotoxins MBALC-MS
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS http//www.codexexalimentariu
s.net/web/index en.js
CODEX ALIMENTARIUSpesticide residues in
food http//faostat.fao.org/faostat/pesticide/jsp/
pest q-e.jsp
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS http//faostat.fao.org/faos
tat/vetdrugs/vetdest q-e.jsp
drug residues in food
EMEA-European Medicines Agency Maxim http//www.c
odexexalimentarius.net/web/index en.js
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
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National Food Safety Policy
DOA Food Safety Program (Approved Supplies
Guideline)
DOA HACCP Advisory Group (Farm/Laboratory
Guidelines)
Supervision of Plant produce (DOA staff)
OARD(1-8) HACCP Advissory Groups
Supervision of Plant produce (OARD staff)
Trial audit program
Operational procedures
Auditor teams - 1 leader auditor - 2-3 commodity
auditors
Inspection and/or treatment supervision of plant
produce in HACCP Guidelines
GAP Guidelines Requests
Growers/Producers Wholesaters /(Doestic/Expirt) Pa
ckers Processors
Retailers Food Safety Legistation/ Industry/(Doest
ic/Expirt)
Certified Quaity Fresh food
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????(Traceability)
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??????????????????? Traceability
1. ???????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????
- ?????????????

• ??????????????????????

- ????????????????????? ???
- ????????????????????????????????
- ??????????????????????????????
- ????????????????????????
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??????????????????? Traceability
2. ???????????????????????????
- ??????????????????

• ???????????????????????????????? (batch
  identification)

- ????????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????
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??????????????????? Traceability
3. ??????????????????????????????/??????
- ????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????? (batch
  identification)

- ???????????? ?????????? ??????????
- ?????????????
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??????????????????? Traceability
4. ??????????????????????????????/???????
- ????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????? (batch
  identification)

- ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????
- ?????????????????
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??????????????????????????????????????( Good
Manufacturing Practice GMP )
???????????????????
1. ???????????????????????
2. ?????????? ????????????????????????????
3. ??????????????????????
4. ????????????
5. ???????????????????????????
6. ??????? ??? ??????????????????????
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??????????????????????????( Plant Quality
Management System PQMS )
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????
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??????????????????? ??????? Plant Quality
Management System (PQMS)
??????????????????? ??????????? On-farm
Quality Management System Pre-QMS
??????????????????? ?????????????????? Grading
Packing Quality Management System Post-PQMS
??????????????????? ????????????????????????
Processing Quality Management System Post-QMS
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??????????????????????????( Plant Quality
Management System PQMS )
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???????? ??????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????
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??????????????????????????( Plant Quality
Management System PQMS )
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???????????
- ????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????
- ????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
???????
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??????????????????? ???????????GAP HACCP QA
??????????????????? ??????????????????
GMP HACCP QA
??????????????????? ?????????????
??????????? GMP
HACCP QA
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????( HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL
CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEM AND GUIDELINES FOR
ITS APPLICATION )
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????
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??????????? CODEX
????????????
1. ???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
2. ???????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
3. ????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????
4. ???????????????????????????????????????????????
??? codex tarious ???????????????????????????????
?????????????
5.??????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????
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??????????? ISO 9000
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ISO 9001 ??????????????????????????????
?????????
????????????????????????????? ??????????
????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????
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??????????? ISO 9000
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ISO 9002 ??????????????????????????????
?????????
???????????????????????????? ?????????????
??????
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??????????? ISO 9000
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ISO 9003 ??????????????????????????????
?????????
?????????????????????????????????????
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??????????? ISO/IEC 17025
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????
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??????????? ISO/IEC Guide 62 1996
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????????????/???????????????????????????????
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???????????????????? ???.
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????? ???.( Thai
Industrial Stands TIS )
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??????????????????????????????????????????( Good
Agricultural Practice GAP )
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???????? ?????????????????????
????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
?????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????
??????????? ??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
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???? ? ???????????????????????? GAP ???
???????????????
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???????????????? GAP ???
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???????????????? GAP ???
???????????????????????? (HACCP ISO GMP ???
QA) ??????????????????????? ????????????????????
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?????????????????????????????????
?????????????? ??????????????????
??????????????????? GAP ???
???????????????????? ????????????????????????????
??????????????? (HACCP)
???? ??????????? ???????
???????????
?????????????? GAP (GMP , ISO)
??????????????? ????????????????? GAP
????????????????? ?????????????/?????
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????????????? GAP

• ??????????????
• ????????????????????? ??????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• 2. ???????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????????????????????????