IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE A.I. BY NEW TECHNICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN CATTLE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE A.I. BY NEW TECHNICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN CATTLE

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IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE A.I. BY NEW TECHNICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN CATTLE 1G bor G, 1T th F, 2Sz sz F, 1Dept. Cattle Breeding and Dept. Cell Biology ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE A.I. BY NEW TECHNICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN CATTLE


1
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE A.I. BY NEW
TECHNICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN CATTLE
  • 1Gábor G, 1Tóth F, 2Szász F, 1Dept. Cattle
    Breeding and Dept. Cell Biology , Res. Inst.
    Anim. Breed. Herceghalom, Hungary, 2Androvet
    Ltd., Budapest, Hungary

2
INTRODUCTION
  • Prediction of the males fertility is based on
    morphological examinations of the testis or
    scrotum and the evaluation of the semen quality.
    Prediction of the semen production would help to
    reject all those young bulls which certainly will
    not produce good quality of semen.
  • Early pregnancy detection looks a useful tool to
    check the real fertility of the breeding bulls.

3
OBJECTIVES
  • The aims of all our examinations were
  • to improve the standard BSE (Breeding Soundness
    Evaluation) by using of testicular tonometry and
    testicular ultrasonic echotexture,
  • 2.checking semen quality by an objective
    inexpensive instrument based method (CASPAR)
  • 3. checking the real bull fertility by early
    pregnancy detection used ultrasound and/or PSPB
    (Pregnancy Specific Protein B) ELISA test
    (Biopryn, BioTracking, Moscow, ID, USA) .

4
MATERIAL AND METHODS
  • 1. Improvement of the standard BSE
  • Holstein-Friesian AI bulls were examined
    during the BSE.
  • Morphological examinations of the testis scrotal
    circumference (SC used Coulter scrotal tape)
    scrotal form digital camera (storing format
    jpg) testicular consistency (TM, Consitest
    electronic tonometer). The ultrasonic examination
    of the testes (ET) was done with a B-mode scanner
    (Pie Medical, Model 100 LC VET, Maastricht, The
    Netherlands) with an 8 MHz linear-array
    transducer as described earlier and the
    ultrasound-image was stored on floppy disk.
    TesTracto? software was used for image analysis.

5
Coulter Scrotal Tape
6
Scrotal forms
Far from the body longer ligaments
Closer to the body shorter ligaments
Oval form rounded
shape testicular torsion (above)
and tided scrotum
7
Consitest electronic tonometer
  • The spring loaded measuring heads use 1500 grams
    of pressure at all times. Because of the
    difference in dimension of the two heads (13),
    the penetration to the observed tissue will be
    different. The transmission changes from a linear
    movement to a circular movement. A rotating code
    disk interrupts the infrared light, which counts
    the impulses for the microprocessor, which then
    summarizes the results and presents it on the
    display.

8
Examination of the testicular echotexture
  • The ultrasonic examination of the testes was done
    with a B-mode scanner (Pie Medical, Model 100 LC
    VET) with an 8 MHz linear-array transducer. Gain
    was held constant for all examinations.
  • The transducer was aligned at the center of each
    testis and perpendicular to the vertical axis. A
    custom, electro-mechanical device for holding the
    probe was used to assure that the same pressure
    was applied by the probe against tissues upon
    which liberal amounts of ultrasound coupling gel
    had been applied (except with dogs).
  • At approximately 0.8 kg/cm2 pressure a
    spring-loaded switch was compressed. At that
    instance, the ultrasound image was frozen on the
    scanner and the image was stored.

9
Examination of the ET by the help of an
electronic (auto image freezing function)
transducers holder
10
Evaluation of the echotexture (ET) by Scanner 100
left testis
right testis
  • The ultrasonic images of left and right testicles
    are recorded on disk. The average gray level were
    characterized on a 256 gray scale 0 (dark) and
    255 (light).

11
TesTracto software (developed for the data base)
was used for the evaluation of the ultrasonic ET
12
Distribution evaluation of the gray levels
13
  • Semen evaluation the total number of spermatozoa
    per ejaculate (TNS), the percentage of the motile
    and progressive motile spermatozoa were
    determined. A Zeiss Laboval phase-contrast
    microscope with heated stages and a Makler
    chamber was used for preparing the images. All
    the images were saved to the HDD of a computer
    and image analysis was carried out by a custom
    software (CASPAR?, Pictron Ltd., Budapest,
    Hungary). Morphological evaluation was done after
    Cerovskys staining.

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2. Early pregnancy detection by ultrasound and
PSPB test
  • The aims of these experiments were checking the
    bull fertility by early pregnancy detection.
  • In Experiment 1 sixty-nine dairy cows were
    checked by a B-mode ultrasound scanner (Pie
    Medical, Model 100 LC VET, Maastricht, The
    Netherlands) with a 6 MHz linear-array
    transducer, 29-55 days after AI in order to check
    the pregnancy status of them. At the same time
    blood samples were also taken from the tail vein
    to check the PSPB serum level of these cows.
  • In a second experiment 4 bulls were selected
    during the BSE as a semen donor for a fertility
    experiment. After semen collection and freezing,
    1742 artificial inseminations were carried out at
    23 dairies with the frozen-thawed semen. Early
    pregnancy diagnosis was carried out once a week
    30-36 days after the AI. For checking serum PSPB
    level, Biopryn test was used. Results were
    re-checked by rectal palpation 60 days after AI.

18
Ultrasonic appearance of the bovine fetus at
different stages of the pregnancy
19
PSPB (Pregnancy Specific Protein B)
  • PSPB is a novel protein that was first reported
    by scientists at the University of Idaho. First a
    double antibody radioimmunosassay (RIA) was
    developed with rabbit antisera against a more
    nearly pure form of PSPB. The assay was used to
    measure PSPB in sera of pregnant cows and
    provided an accurate, early serological test for
    pregnancy.
  • PSPB is detectable in serum from 24 to 282
    (parturition) days of gestation and can be
    applied reliably in dairy cow herds at 28 to 30
    days after breading.
  • PSPB is located in the giant binucleate cells of
    the trophoblastic ectoderm of the placenta and
    this indicated that is was either synthesized or
    sequestered by those cells.
  • The PSPB was found in sera of some primiparous
    cows as early as 15 days following conception and
    in sera of most cows at 24 days following
    conception.
  • Complete clearence of the protein from blood may
    not occur until 80 to 100 days after parturition.
    For this reason testing of blood for a new
    pregnancy following parturition may give false
    positive lests.
  • An ELISA test (BioPryn by BioTracking LLC)has
    been developed for the examination of the PSPB in
    cattle 30 days after AI (at least 90 days after
    the previous parturition).

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Results
Table 1 Data of bulls in the data base with
complete record
BULL (n25)
Age (mo) 14.0 2.7
SC (cm) 32.9 4.1
TM (mm) 4.9 1.2
ET (0-255) 44.7 18.0
Motile spermatozoa () 71.0 10.8
Linear progressive motility () 48.0 8.6
Speed (mm/s) 96.9 10.9
Usually around -0.50, significant
Usually its a positive, significant correlation
25
Categories of diagnosis (just for bulls)
  • Based on SC, ET and TM. Examination of the bulls
    was performed at least 2 months prior to the
    semen production.
  • Semen was measured for at least 2 months after
    the beginning of the semen production SV, SD,
    TSN
  • NP - No predicted semen production problem
  • PP - Possible predicted semen production problem
  • NUAI - Prediction not useful as a breeding bull

26
Table 2 Prediction results in young breeding
bulls
27
Possible reasons of the incorrect predictions
Calcification. Dg. PP normal semen production
6 months later
Small SC (20 cm at 8 months of age normal SC size
(32 cm) and semen production4 months later
28
Possible reasons of the rejection
Cryptorchidism
Left testis orchitis right testis fibrosis
29
Table 3 OD values in the first PSPB experiment
(n69) We had 100 agreement between the
ultrasonic and PSPB diagnosis
30
Table 4 Result of the bulls fertility in the
field experiment
31
Table 5 Embryonic loss in farms with different
milk production
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