Title: Analytical methods used for regulatory control of veterinary drug residues in foods of animal origin and their impacts on global trade
1Analytical methods used for regulatory control of
veterinary drug residues in foods of animal
origin and their impacts on global trade
- Joe Boison, Stephen Lee, Ron Gedir Johanna
Chrusch - CFIA Saskatoon Laboratory, Saskatoon, CANADA
2Location of the CFIA Laboratory in Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada
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4Residue Monitoring and Control Program for
Veterinary Drug Residues
- Residue Plans Developed by the National Competent
Authorities - Domestic International Components
- Approved veterinary medicinal products with
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)/MRL - Approved veterinary medicinal products without
ADI/MRL - Approved veterinary medicinal products with
Provisional Residue Limits - Approved veterinary medicinal products used in
extra-label fashion - Unapproved/Prohibited veterinary medicinal
products
5Veterinary Drug Classes included in Residue
Control Programs
Group Group Classification Examples of Drugs in Group
A1 Stilbenes Hexestrol, diethylstilboestrol, dienoestrol
A2 Thyreostats Thiouracil, tapazole
A3 Steroids boldenone, stanazalol, estradiol, trenbolone, dexamethasone
A4 Resorcylic acid lactones Zeranol
A5 Beta agonists Cimaterol, salbutamol, mabuterol, ractopamine, clenbuterol
A6 Prohibited compounds chloramphenicol
6Veterinary Drug Classes included in Residue
Control Programs
Group Classification Examples
B2a Anthelmintics
Benzimidazoles Triclabendazole, albendazole, oxfendazole, fenbendazole
Imidazothiazoles Levamisole
Salicylanilides Closantel
Macrocyclic lactones Abamectin, doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin
B2c Carbamates Chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron
Pyrethroids Cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin fenvalerate
7Veterinary Drug Classes included in Residue
Control Programs
Group Classification Examples
B2e NSAIDs Flunixin, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, tolfenamic acid
B3a Organochlorines Aldrin/dieldrin, DDT metabolites, PCBs
B3b Organophosphates Chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, diazinon, phosmet
B3e Heavy metals Cadmium, lead, mercury
B3d Mycotoxins Zearalenone, a-zearalenol, ß-zearalenol
8Unauthorised Substances in Bovine Livers
Drug Matrix AUS CAC CDA EU USA JPN
Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg) Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg) Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg) Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg) Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg) Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg) Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg) Corticosteroids (Group A3) MRL (mg/kg)
Dexamethasone L - .002 P - 0.002 - 0.004 P
Betamethasone L 0.1 (eo) - - 0.002 - 0.002 P
Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg Resorcylic acid lactones (Group A4) MRL mg/kg
Zeranol L 0.02 (eo) 0.01 0.01 - Not needed 0.01
9Unauthorised Substances in Bovine Liver
Drug Matrix Matrix AUS AUS CAC CAC CDA CDA EU USA JPN
Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg) Beta-agonists (Group A5) MRL (mg/kg)
Cimaterol L - - - - - - 0.002 0.002 - 0.004P
Mabuterol L - - - - - - - - -
Ractopamine L 0.1 K 0.1 K 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 NS NS 0.015 0.04
Clenbuterol L 0.1 (eo) 0.1 (eo) 0.0006 0.0006 0.002 0.002 - 0.002P
10Japans Positive List Substances that are
stipulated to be Not detected in foods
- 2,4,5-T
- Amitrole
- Azocyclotin cyhexatin
- Captafol
- Carbadox
- Chloramphenicol
- Chlorpromazine
- Coumaphos
- Daminozide
- Diestylstilbesterol
- Dimetridazole
- Furaltadone
- Furazolidone
- Malachite green
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Nitrofurazone
- Propham
- Ronidazole
- Updated Nov 6, 2008
11Chemical Structures of Compounds on Japans
Positive List
12Chemical Structures of Compounds on Japans
Positive List
13Residue Monitoring and Control Program and
International Trade
- Codex Alimentarius Committee (CAC) administers
the FAO/WHO Food Standards Program for food of
animal origin which includes meat and meat
products, milk and milk products, eggs and egg
products, and products of aquatic animals derived
from aquaculture - JMPR - Joint FAO/WHO Committee on Pesticide
Residues - JECFA Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives -
14Residue Monitoring and Control Program
International Trade (SPS TBT)
- The Uruguay round of Multilateral Trade
Negotiations established the WTO to reduce
non-tariff barriers to international trade. - Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
Measures - Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
15The SPS Agreement
- The SPS Agreement confirms the right of WTO
Member countries to apply measures to protect
human, animal and plant life and health - provided that such measures are not applied in a
manner which would constitute a means of
arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between
countries where the same conditions prevail, or a
disguised restriction on international trade. - References the standards, guidelines,
recommendations established by the CAC relating
to food additives, residues of veterinary drugs
and pesticides, contaminants - methods of sampling and analysis and
- codes and guidelines of hygienic practice.
16The SPS
- Provides Measures to ensure
- adherence in food of animal origin to the Codex
maximum levels or guideline levels for
contaminants, and to the Codex maximum residue
limits (MRLs) for pesticide and veterinary drugs. - that appropriate hygienic practices are followed
at all stages of animal feeding chain to prevent,
eliminate, or reduce potential hazards in the
food.
17The TBT Agreement
- Objective is prevent the use of national or
regional technical requirements, or standards in
general, as unjustified technical barriers to
trade. - It covers all kinds of
- Food standards other than those related to the
SPS measures - Measures designed to protect the consumer against
deception and economic fraud - Quality provisions
- Nutritional requirements
- Labelling and
- Methods of analysis.
18The TBT Agreement
- It provides that
- All the technical requirements and regulations
must have a legitimate purpose -
- The impact or cost of implementing the measure
must be proportional to the purpose of the
measure - Emphasis be placed on international standards.
19Veterinary Drugs
- Only veterinary medicinal products licensed for
administration to food producing animals should
be used and the withholding time should be
observed/respected before milk or eggs are used
for food or animals are sent for slaughter, - Adherence to the Codex Code of Practice and
Guidelines for Control of and use of Veterinary
Drugs and of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods to
ensure that animal feeds do not contribute to
excessive veterinary drug residues in foods.
20Japan, Canada and Codex MRLs for Ractopamine
Residues in Edible Animal Tissues
Matrix JPN (mg/kg) JPN (mg/kg) CDA (mg/kg) CDA (mg/kg) CAC(mg/kg) CAC(mg/kg)
Matrix Bovine Porcine Bovine Porcine Bovine Porcine
Muscle 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01
Kidney 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.14 0.09 0.09
Liver 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.04 0.04
Fat 0.01 0.01 - - 0.01 0.01
Edible offal 0.04 0.04 - - - -
212695 Alliance LC with a Diode Array Detector
222695 Alliance ZQ Single Quadrupole MS
23Acquity UPLC Triple Quadrupole MS Detector
24Quantitative LC-MS Analysis of Colistin B
Residues in Chicken Muscle Tissue
25Quantitative LC-MS Analysis of Enduracidin A
Residues in Chicken Muscle Tissue
26Quattro Ultima Triple Quadrupole MS
27Alliance Quattro Micro Triple Quadrupole MS
28Acquity UPLC Quattro Premier Triple Quadrupole MS
29Chemical Structure of Bacitracin A
30Mass Spectrum of Bacitracin A
31Confirmatory Analysis by LC-Tandem Mass
Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
32Acquity UPLC SYNAPT Quadrupole Time Of Flight MS
33Acknowledgement
- Johanna Chrusch
- Stephen Lee
- Ron Gedir
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