monitoring/controlling critical physical infra-structures with sensor networks - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 22
About This Presentation
Title:

monitoring/controlling critical physical infra-structures with sensor networks

Description:

... transportation systems (e.g. electrical, gas, water, oil) factory automation and process control in large plants domotics (home/building automation) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:110
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 23
Provided by: IML1
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: monitoring/controlling critical physical infra-structures with sensor networks


1
monitoring/controlling critical physical
infra-structures with sensor networks
  • Mário Alves (mjf_at_isep.ipp.pt)
  • Encontro com a Ciência
  • Lisbon 3/JUL/2008

2
CISTER/IPP-HURRAY snapshot
  • FCT Research Unit 608
  • rated Excellent (2004-2006) (only one among 28
    units in the ECE area)
  • around 25 researchers (currently 10 PhD)
  • based at the Polytechnic Institute of Porto
    (ISEP/IPP)
  • Leading international research in
  • Wireless Sensor Networks for time-critical
    applications
  • COTS-based sensor networks communication
    architecture (ART-WiSe)
  • innovative dominance-based MAC Protocols (WiDom,
    WiseCan)
  • innovative data aggregation, interpolation and
    in-network computing mechanisms
  • Real-Time Software Infrastructure
  • QoS-aware Middleware
  • collaborative Computing
  • real-time languages and operating systems
  • Scheduling and Schedulability Analysis
  • probabilistic scheduling
  • single, multicore and multiprocessor Scheduling
  • communication scheduling (TDMA/SS)
  • Real-time Factory Communications
  • wired/wireless real-time fieldbus communications

today
3
Buzzwords
  • ubiquitous
  • pervasive
  • wireless
  • mobile
  • wearable
  • M2M
  • distributed
  • embedded
  • dynamic
  • energy

The Internet of things is emerging
4
Scale leads to limitations
  • Embedded computing systems are scaling
  • ?up
  • in number of nodes (103106), and area (103
    106 m2)
  • ? down
  • in size (smart dust) and cost (lt1 /) per node
  • which implies
  • very low cost per node (for cost-effective
    deployment)
  • no maintenance (at least for most of the nodes)
  • long network/node lifetime (years)
  • and stringent node resource limitations
  • processing/memory speed, size
  • communications radio coverage, bit rate
  • energy battery size vs. capacity

5
bringing important challenges
  • resource limitations are big impairments to
  • network/system lifetime
  • energy-efficiency
  • processing/transmitting huge amounts of
    information
  • data fusion/aggregation, information processing,
    network topologies, MAC and routing protocols
  • get tasks finished correctly and on time
  • reliable and real-time computing
  • get messages transmitted correctly and on time
  • reliable and real-time communications
  • and this is what we are addressing

6
Which applications are we targeting?
  • Monitoring/controlling time-critical
    applications, such as
  • critical physical infrastructures (e.g. bridges,
    tunnels)
  • homeland security
  • utilities transportation systems (e.g.
    electrical, gas, water, oil)
  • factory automation and process control in large
    plants
  • domotics (home/building automation)
  • park/forest hazard monitoring
  • sports/religious/cultural events monitoring
  • disaster management (e.g. searchrescue in
    buildings/mines)
  • health care monitoring/management (e.g. in a
    hospital)
  • intelligent transportation systems (e.g.
    highways, trains, metro)

7
ART-WiSe outlook
Architecture for Real-Time Communications in
Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Objective
  • real-time communications in large-scale
    distributed embedded systems
  • Main Design Goals
  • Real-Time
  • Reliability
  • Scalability
  • Mobility
  • Energy-efficiency
  • Cost-effectiveness
  • COTS standard technology
  • Multiple Tiered Arch.
  • Tier 2 backbone
  • IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) or
  • IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) or
  • Tier 1 sensor network
  • IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee

8
ART-WiSe why IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee?
  • Energy-efficiency
  • adaptable duty-cycles (100 ? 0)
  • low data rates (20-250 kbps)
  • low radio coverage (? 30 m)
  • Traffic differentiation
  • Real-Time traffic
  • Guaranteed Time Slots (GTS)
  • Best-effort traffic
  • CSMA/CA mechanism
  • Scalable network topologies
  • star, mesh, cluster-tree
  • up to 65000 nodes per PAN
  • COTS standard technology
  • many different manufacturers
  • many different motes

9
ART-WiSe results
  • IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee for WSNs
  • New mechanisms/methodologies for
  • engineering ZigBee cluster-tree WSNs
  • energy/bandwidth tradeoff
  • real-time and energy-efficient communications
  • worst-case timing analysis/network dimensioning
  • mitigating the hidden-terminal problem
  • tolerating routers failure/link quality
    degradation
  • traffic differentiation (high/low priority)
  • respecting backward compatibility with standard
  • Developed an open-source toolset
  • network dimensioning MATLAB
  • simulation models OPNET
  • protocol stack nesC/TinyOS over MICAz and TelosB
    motes

9
10
WiDom outline
Prioritized Collision-Free MAC Protocol for
Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Objective
  • to provide upper bounds on communication delays
  • also useful to perform efficient collaborative
    distributed computing (wireless/wired sensor
    networks and cyber-physical systems).
  • Outline
  • Prioritized Medium Access Control (PrioMAC)
  • grants medium access to the computer node with
    the highest priority
  • originally created for wired networks, e.g
    Controller Area Networks (CAN)
  • we apply this idea to the wireless domain WiDOM

Dominant Recessive
Node 3 is the only node that finishes the
arbitration without losing
11
WiDom min/max example
example efficienty acquiring MIN/MAX of a
physical quantity in a region
MIN/MAX of sensor data in space can be obtained
with a time-complexity that is independent of the
number of sensor nodes
11
12
WiDom interpolation example
example how to get information about a signal
(say concentration of a hazardous gas) that
varies quickly in time and space
Original Signal
Curve fitting

Interpolations of sensor data in space can be
obtained with a time-complexity that is
independent of the number of sensor nodes
12
13
International recognition
  • Our work on sensor networks has been recognized
    at the highest level
  • best papers at top conferences ECRTS, RTSS, MASS
  • collaboration in the TinyOS Net2 WG
  • only non-US partner, with UBerkeley, USouth
    California, UHarvard, UStanford, MIT
  • involvement in networks of research excellence
  • ARTISTDesign and CONET NoEs
  • 16 partners, e.g. SICS, ETH Zurich, TUDelft,
    UCLondon, SAP, Schneider, Boeing, Telecom Italy
  • PT-CMU
  • CISTER is the only Research Unit from the
    Polytechnic
  • our publications are referenced by top level
    research groups
  • UIUC, WU, UV, SSSUP, CMU,
  • our web sites are quite visited and the open-ZB
    toolset quite used
  • http//www.open-ZB.net over 44000 visits and
    2300 downloads (in around 20 months)
  • visiting researchers/scholars from reputed
    institutions
  • Prague, Pisa, Vienna, CMU (Raj Rajkumar, Peter
    Steenkiste)
  • we are invited to take part in PCs of WSN events
  • e.g. JRTS, RTSS, OPODIS DCOSS, ICDCS (WSN tracks)

13
14
Some research collaborations with CMU
  • Visits/meetings at
  • CMU (Tovar, Pinho, Andersson, Pereira, Nogueira,
    Alves)
  • Porto (Rajkumar, Steenkiste)
  • WiDom-MBD
  • Multiple Broadcast Domains (MBD)
  • Radio add-on to CMU-Firefly
  • for low-overhead implementation of WiDom
  • Implementations in CMU-nano-RK
  • WiDom (Firefly and MICAz)
  • IEEE 802.15.4 (Firefly, MICAz and CISTER-TELEIA)

15
facing RISK requires SKILLS and TOOLS ?
15
16
16
17
EXTRA SLIDES
17
18
WiDom protocol animation
Prio001 (1)
Prio100 (4)
Prio010 (2)
Each node has a priority (of the message to
send) (here represented has a binary number).
19
WiDom protocol animation
Someone transmitted a dominant bit. I Lost.
Tx Carrier
Tx Carrier
Prio001 (1)
Prio100 (4)
Prio010 (2)
Nodes transmit priority bit by bit. Nodes with
a dominant bit, transmit a carrier wave Nodes
with a recessive bit, listen.
20
WiDom protocol animation
Someone transmitted a dominant bit. I Lost.
Tx Carrier
Prio001 (1)
Prio100 (4)
Prio010 (2)
Continue with the next bits
20
21
WiDom protocol animation
Ended sending all bits and never heard a dominant
bit. I Won.
Prio001 (1)
Prio100 (4)
Prio010 (2)
Finally, only one node remains in the
tournament...
22
WiDom protocol animation
Tx Message
Prio001 (1)
Prio100 (4)
Prio010 (2)
And transmits a message.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com